Namawoyela nasoketshezini zezimboni

Ukuze afeze le miklamo nemisebenzi imishini ukusebenza esetshenziswa uthambise kanye uketshezi lobuchwepheshe. Zinikeza nokwethenjelwa kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo ekusebenzeni imishini ehlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo zokugcoba

Ngo kokuhlinzwa, ukuhamba izindlela kwenzeka evele ixhumana futhi ukuwohloka kwabo nge ukushisa kusukela ukuhilizisana. Ukuze wehlise amaminerali yayo futhi asetshenziswa zokwenziwa zokugcoba.

Namawoyela nasoketshezini zezimboni ingxenye enkulu njengoba isisekelo imikhiqizo aqukethe:

• Distillate - cleaner ziphuzo zazihluzwa lamafutha fuel (ingxenyenamba ukukhanya);
• asalile - ziphuzo zazihluzwa of itiyela etholwe.

Omunye noma olunye uhlobo lwamafutha amaminerali ibhalwe ngokuxuba yezingxenye distillate futhi asalile e okungu ezithile nokungeza nalokho izithasiselo.

amafutha Zokwenziwa ezivezwa synthesis hydrocarbon ezithile kwalokho nalokho ngcono izimo zokusebenza.

Izinhlobo namawoyela

• motor;
• ukudluliswa;
• wokubacindezela;
• greases.

Izithasiselo zokugcoba

Izimfuneko amafutha ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihluke, njalo some. Uhlaka Basic akakwazi ukunikeza ngokugcwele izakhiwo ezidingekayo lapho kungadalwa kuphela ngokwengeza izithasiselo in amafutha nasoketshezini lobuchwepheshe. Inani wabo kusukela amafraktjhini iphesenti 15% nangaphezulu.

Izinhlobo izithasiselo:

• umsebenzi Single - ukuhlinzeka omunye izakhiwo: anti-ukuguga, ecindezeleke kakhulu, viscous, antioxidant, ngomshikisho ukunciphisa, antifoam, depressor, yokuwasha-dispersant, njll;.
• Amatebhe - polymer okusezingeni eliphezulu compounds bhunga uwoyela izici eziningana yokusebenza;
• amaphakheji okufakiwe kanye nokusungulwa - izithasiselo okuxubile futhi ahlobene amakhemikhali okuyinto ngcono izakhiwo bese udala izinga entsha (izingxenye kufika ku-15).

I izakhiwo amafutha nasoketshezini

Ukuze imikhiqizo efana amafutha, uketshezi ukusebenza, noma GOST Ukucaciswa ukunikeza iqoqo nemingcele ezahlukene ngokuchaza nemibandela isicelo sabo.

1. Lubricity - inhlanganisela anti-friction, anti-bafake kakhulu ingcindezi izakhiwo. Umngcele we-eyinhloko viscosity, okuyinto ephawula ukumelana ukugeleza phakathi laphakathi okusamanzi (viscosity ashukumisayo, Pa ∙ s). Esinye isici kuyinto viscosity kinematic, kunqunywa ijubane outflow ketshezi amandla adonsela phansi ngokusebenzisa viscometer capillary. It is kulinganiswa ngo m ² / s. Ukuze amafutha kwencika esibaluleke ngokukhethekile viscosity ku lokushisa. Kulinganiselwa ngu viscosity Inkomba.
2. ukuzinza Thermal - inkomba yokuthi izakhiwo antioxidant amafutha, elinesimo ukuguqulwa nesikhathi ifilimu elincanyana amafutha ifilimu lacquer. Ayanda kuba, umkhiqizo ephakeme izinga. Inqubo namachibi iqala lapho sishisiswe 50-60 ° ^C. Amandla kakhulu kwandisa kusukela ^mayelana 250 C. Amafutha amnyama futhi ushintshe physico-yawo yamakhemikhali izakhiwo.
3. Yokuwasha-dispersant izakhiwo amafutha engine ibonisa ikhono yawo yokwehlisa kumiswa inhlabathi ne-carbon ezifakwa ngaphakathi injini nokugcina imikhiqizo ukungcoliseka ukumiswa.
4. izakhiwo Anticorrosive amafutha kuthiwa yayiwohloka kancane kancane nge ekuqongeleleni bafake doti. Corrosivity balinganisela ukubaluleka acid, inquma inani mg Koh edingekayo iwukudambisa acid 1 g amafutha. okuqukethwe Acid ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwawo kwandisa izikhathi 3-5 zinjalo eziyingozi kakhulu ukuze uthole imininingwane. Properties of amafutha ayathuthuka ngokwethula izithasiselo yakha amafilimu zokuzivikela ku-metal evele noma acid zokuyithena ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi.

motor amafutha

Reciprocating yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini (ICE), ikakhulukazi abadinga Lubrication. Kubo esetshenziswa uwoyela motor, izakhiwo zazo ekhethiwe ngqo imishini ngayinye.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngenxa yangaphakathi omlilo injini kuqashwe abahlanzekile uwoyela amaminerali. Modern ngomfutho izinjini zidinga ukwethulwa izithasiselo. Advantageously esetshenziswa amafutha multigrade, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo viscosity phezu ububanzi lokushisa ububanzi.

Ukuze amayunithi eziningi ofanele semi zokwenziwa - lamanzi esiphethu ne ukwengeza izingxenye zokwenziwa organic. Ukuthenga ke, kufanele sinake ubuqiniso kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Iningi lazo ukwabelana izincomo imiyalo imoto. Lapha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abakhiqizi ukuncoma uwoyela umkhiqizo, kusuka lapho inzuzo. Labo abangabhalisiwe kakhulu ababeyizazi ukukhiqizwa izitembu, kudingeka ulandele iseluleko sabo.

Ukwahlukanisa motor amafutha

Ngu Ukusebenza motor amafutha zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu for izinjini:

• A - carburetor neforsirovannom (izithasiselo ambalwa).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% izithasiselo).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (kufika ku 8% izithasiselo).
• F - yashesha kakhulu (8-12% kwezithako).
• D - yashesha kakhulu egcwele phama diesel izinjini (18-25% izithasiselo).

Ngu degree motor ekilasini uwoyela viscosity 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. umkhiqizo multigrade injini amafutha elisekela amaminerali by ukuqina viscosity ongaphakeme izithasiselo MPF. Zabo kukhona 10 emakilasini, ngalinye elikwazi uchazwa ngokuthi ingxenyenamba, isib, 4H / 8. I numerator of viscosity grade icaciswe at 18 ^{° C,} kanti zifana - at ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Uma umkhiqizo eyaziwayo amafutha engine, isb M-6 _c / 10B _2, kungashiwo ziqala ngale ndlela: M - motor 6 _h - viscosity grade nge ukuqina okufakiwe 10 - viscosity at 100 ⁰ C, - injini sredneforsirovannyh 2 - I-diesel .

injini izinga uwoyela isheke senziwa maphakathi zokuxilonga, esidinga ukuba izindleko ezithile. Ingabe ikhona indlela elula ukuhlola: nge-probe kufanele abeke iconsi amafutha ebusweni ephepheni. Uma ngokushesha ageleze, ashiye phezu imibuthano eziningana okunamafutha, kusho umkhiqizo izinga.

Ukumelana omkhulu uwisa ephawula ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo ewusizo. isilawuli okunjalo kufanelekile ekuhloleni izinga igrisi fresh.

ukudluliswa amafutha

Isakhiwo ukudluliswa kufaka kutfunyelwa nekusatjalaliswa, enama-asi, eziqondisa igiya nabanye. Ukumanzisa iyadingeka ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukene amagiya. amafutha Gear akhiqizwa kusuka amaminerali noma isizinda semisynthetic nge izithasiselo obusebenzayo esekelwe chlorine, phosphorus, isibabule, disulfide, udala ifilimu zokuzivikela, befaka izinto emathonyeni amabi. Viscosity ejenti kumele sigcine ifilimu ngesikhathi load yakho iphezulu kakhulu futhi lokushisa. Ngo kubanda, viscosity uwoyela akufanele liphazamisane izindlela, okuyinto kukhethwe Ukwakheka, ezifanele viscosity Inkomba.

Imisebenzi Gear amafutha:

• nokwehlisa ukulahleka ukuxabana futhi bafake;
• ukushisa ukususwa kusukela esishintshashintshayo contact;
• nokwehlisa ukushaqeka imithwalo;
• non-enobuthi futhi okungezona imfucuza.

I okungabizi kakhulu uketshezi lobuchwepheshe kanye greases esekelwe uwoyela amaminerali. Sinenkosi nezici ezinhle, udala ifilimu okunokwethenjelwa zokuzivikela.

amafutha Zokwenziwa kukhona siphezulu e izinga, kodwa imikhiqizo eqolo. imali kuyinto lulwimi zokwenziwa.

Domestic ukudluliswa amafutha zimumethe viscosity grade 4. Ngokwe-izici ukusebenza bona zihlukaniswe amaqembu 5. Ukumakwa izingoma ezahlukene zibonisa izici eziyisisekelo, isibonelo, TM-5-9 _of - ukudluliswa uwoyela Group 5, viscosity we 9th ekilasini ukuqina okufakiwe. ISIBONELO Ukwahlukanisa angaphandle - Sae 80W-90, lapho uphawu kubonisa 80 - viscosity grade, W - standard 90 - elihambisana viscosity ubuncane 14 mm ² / s at 99 ⁰ C.

Uketshezi izinhlelo wokubacindezela

In izinhlelo gidromehanizmov kanye actuators asetshenziselwa ashukumisa uketshezi ekhethekile lobuchwepheshe. Lezi zidingo:

• pumpability, futhi izinga lokushisa kwencika elincane viscosity;
• okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqwala ukumelana futhi akukho ukuvuvukala noma nokucekelwa lwezimpawu wokubacindezela;
• lubricity okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• chemical nokuzinza ngokomzimba ebe egcina izakhiwo kokuqala isikhathi eside ngesikhathi ukusebenza;
• ukungabi khona ukungcola, amanzi kanye nezinto ezonakalisayo ukuthi ingadala ukugqwala.

uwoyela umfutholuketshezi zihlanganisa mayelana 20 izinhlobo. Lakhicitwe ngokuxubanisa petroleum distillates kanye izithasiselo. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu uwoyela lokuphotha AU. uwoyela Akwaziwa MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10A.

Uketshezi for dampers wazihlephula izinhlelo

Brake uketshezi lobuchwepheshe yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo wokubacindezela. Lezi zidingo:

• ongaphakeme okokuqandisa iphuzu;
• a viscosity elincane;
• lubricity ezinhle;
• Ukumelana ukugqwala;
• akukho nomphumela olimazayo lwezimpawu zenjoloba.

Izinhlobo ukubopha uketshezi.

1. ESC - 60% uwoyela Castor + 40% ethanol.
2. SBR - 50% uwoyela Castor + 50% butyl utshwala.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% utshwala.
4. "INeva" futhi eziningana ezincane izinyathelo-22M - a izithasiselo glycol ezisekelwe.
5. "Tom" - inhlanganisela glycols nge esters boric acid.

Brake unamanzi lobuchwepheshe ocolisekileyo isisekelo ezingeni lokushisa ngezansi -20 ⁰ C. stiffen, kodwa kuphela i utshwala uhlala isixazululo. Kule ndaba, basuke akhethiwe kuncike esifundeni. Ukubuyiselwa uketshezi kuzo zombili ebusika kanye nasehlobo kuyaqabukela kwenziwe. Iningi ayethanda zonke zonyaka sebenzisa izingoma ketshezi okuncike glycol. Okuhamba phambili kwe-wabo "Tom", okuyinto has ezinhle ukugqwala anti-ukuguga izakhiwo.

Ukushaqeka isicelo ukwakhiwa AF-12T futhi IHP-10, ehlanganisa eyenziwe ngamafutha amaminerali ne viscosity ongaphakeme abicah uketshezi kanye izithasiselo.

uketshezi Technical

Lolu ketshezi Ukupholisa uhlelo yakhelwe silondoloze lokushisa edingekayo imodi ICE. Kuyinto avaliwe, thatha ususe ukushisa kusukela izindlela zokusebenza wasidlulisela ngokusebenzisa kurediyetha ukuze imvelo.

Ngaphambili, izitshalo amandla selehlile ngamanzi, kodwa yasala dengwane ngenxa Rapids ezincane umnkantsha futhi ukubila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it yakha ukugqwala, futhi umthombo ukugqwala metal.

Esikhathini esizayo, uketshezi lobuchwepheshe washintsha ukubunjwa, kodwa izisekelo ahlale emanzini.

Isicelo ngobukhulu wathola emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni - ingxube amanzi nge glycols kanye izithasiselo ekhethekile. Sinenkosi izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• ongaphakeme okokuqandisa iphuzu;
• ukunwetshwa okuncane phezu okokuqandisa;
• abilayo iphuzu ngenhla 110 ^{° C;}
• ezinhle yezihlanganisi izakhiwo.

Emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni esekelwe ethylene glycol ezishibhile - ke luwushevu uketshezi lobuchwepheshe. ubuthi Lower babe izingoma esekelwe propylene glycol, kodwa izindleko zabo iphezulu kakhulu.

isiphetho

Amafutha nasoketshezini lobuchwepheshe yethulwa emakethe anhlobonhlobo. Abashayeli ngaphandle isipiliyoni kwesicelo sabo kufanele ugxile izingoma, imiyalelo Kunconywa ethile nemoto brand. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe inkathi ebusika wokusebenza. Lapho ukugcina imoto egalaji evuthayo kuyinto ngempela efanelekayo bonke zonyaka ketshezi. Kubalulekile ukugxila izinkomba izinga, hhayi ngentengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bacabangele nezinye izici, ezifana nokuphila injini.