Volgograd HPP: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Volzhskaya HPP iyona enkulu kunazo zonke amandla amanzi isitshalo eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yeRussia. Okwamanje, yena kuyingxenye Nhlangano "RusHydro" igatsha wamaLungelo. Itholakala kulendlu omangalisayo phakathi Traktorozavodskoy District of Volgograd nedolobha lalo satellite ngokuthi Volzhsky. Lusebenza lesi sitshalo Hydropower eqenjini iziteshi srednenapornyh uhlobo siteshi.

Lapho wakha i-Volgograd amandla kagesi e-USSR?

Isinqumo ukwakhiwa zalesi sitshalo amandla sathathwa Agasti 6, 1950 Ngalolusuku, uStalin ngemvume isimemezelo wase-USSR Council of Ministers ukuqala ukwakhiwa enyakatho Volgograd amandla kagesi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.7 million kW.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa leli luhlobo kubaluleke kangakanani:

• Ngoba kunesithembiso 130 mcm ³ yokwemba;
• izinombolo 5462 ayizinkulungwane ^m3 betonokonstruktsy .;
• ayizinkulungwane 85 ukukhwezwa. izindlela ezahlukene.

Imidwebo namandla izikimu elaliklanywe nanye Research Institute ngaphansi kobuholi inhlangano "Hydroproject". Ukwakhiwa into ebalulekile efana Volgograd amandla kagesi esiteshini, okuyinto ethulwa isithombe ekhasini, ngo-1951 Ngo-1958 kwabathathu bokuqala iyunithi wokubacindezela ezaqaliswa, kwathi ngo-1962 izisebenzi esiteshini eqoqwe wokugcina - 22th. Imishini for ukwakhiwa amandla kagesi uye walungiselela izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 kusukela emadolobheni 500 kuleli zwe.

Iqhaza ukwakhiwa zonke-inyunyana kanye nenani elikhulu ochwepheshe amaphrofayli ahlukahlukene abavela kulo lonke elase-USSR. On ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower baqashwe amalungu angaphezu kuka-10,000 Komsomol neziboshwa 20,000 Achtubinskiy ITK. Isilinganiso komholo wenyanga womuntu lezisebenzi kuyinto ruble 329.

umklamo Izici

Kuze kube manje, e-Volgograd amandla kagesi liqukethe:

• gryazespusknikom edamini ukhonkolo nge ubude 725 m;
• isakhiwo esiteshini nge kudoti izindawo - 736 m;
• ukungcola edamini fluvial - 3250 m;
• idamu anesihlabathi kwesokunxele yasebhange ezintathu kwama nisondele isiteshi ubude 5.6 km.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi-esabelwe isakhiwo esiteshini futhi iVolga-Akhtubinsky siteshi. On izakhiwo emifula kukhona yezimoto kanye ujantshi. Ingcindezi izakhiwo iziteshi yakha Volgogradskoye kwesigubhu. Indawo wesibili 3117 m ^2, ivolumu - ³ 31.5 km. Ukuphakama esiphezulu we Volgograd amandla kagesi (idamu ukhonkolo) - 44 m.

esiteshini ukusebenza

Amandla HPP kuyinto 2587,5 MW. Lesi sibalo empeleni esikhulu kakhulu. Sibathelela Volgogradskaia HPP isilinganiso 11.1 bhiliyoni kWh kukagesi. Basic mpo amayunithi wokubacindezela esiteshini setha 22. Amandla ayisishiyagalolunye wabo 115 MW, ayisishiyagalombili - 125,5 MW, emihlanu - 120 MW. amayunithi egibele emagumbini ehlukene ngababili. On isitebhisi izinhlanzi kukhona kwesinye isitshalo esincane uhlobo 11 MW. Ubude umthamo Ukonakala komsele siteshi 63060 m ³ / s.

Indima emnothweni kazwelonke

ukwakhiwa Lohleliwe we Volgograd amandla kagesi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule kwaba ukunikeza ugesi enkabeni RSFSR we iVolga esifundeni futhi kwezinye izifunda eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo ingenye izinqaba esemqoka ye Enobunye Energy System yeRussia. Maphakathi ke okuhambisa 500 kV DC, iVolga - 220 kV futhi ezifundazweni eziseningizimu - 800 kV.

Ngaphezu esiteshini amandla ukuzixazulula nezinye izinkinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ikakhulukazi, kwakheka kwesigubhu esetshenziswa ukunisela kwamazwe eyomile empumalanga ye iVolga futhi ukucindezeleka iCaspian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla kagesi kudala esilungele ukudlula imikhumbi indlela ezivela e-Astrakhan ukuze Saratov.

ojantshi nothelawayeka kwavula esiteshini edamini inikeza isixhumanisi emfushane phakathi izifunda iVolga esifundeni. Ngeshwa, nomendo ngokuvamile manje isiminyaminya. Zonke ngalolu daba izakhiwo ezibolile naleli damu kanye nesidingo ukuze kulungiswe njalo. Ngenhlanhla, emva ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho esikhulu phezu koMfula iVolga e umthwalo endaweni emgwaqeni omkhulu odlula edamini kwehle kancane.

esithweni

Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke abanye esiteshini Volgograd amandla kagesi ngesikhathi snowmelt ekhiqizwa abakhwabanisi amanzi okweqile kusukela edamini. Isikhathi lokhu kuthatha kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Ezisithinta igrafu osenyameni amanzi Volgograd HPP ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezifana nenani ahlukaniswe phakathi nobusika kwezulu umfutho kanye encibilika kubo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2016 i-plums isitshalo waqala ngo-Ephreli 22, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 16 Kwangathi kukonke. Izinga esiphezulu yamanzi osenyameni Volgograd HPP kwaba 27 000 m ^3. Sekukonke, kusukela kwesigubhu akhanywa cubic amakhilomitha 100 phezu. Njengoba 17 Meyi emfantwini izindleko kancane kancane sehle (cishe 1000 m ³ ngelanga). K 20,05 befika ezingeni cishe 23 000 m ^3.

Minyaka yonke HPP ekuphathweni ezama ukudlulisa abakhwabanisi amanzi ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kudlule isikhathi eside. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuntuleka kwayo ekupheleni May - ekuqaleni June, sina kwephula ukuzinza kwemvelo endaweni. Uma amanzi akhiwe emthonjeni ka HPP siyokhululeka kancane, kodwa phakathi no-ehlobo kule ndawo ezisogwini River iVolga izokusha amachibi, yeNayile nazo Erik. Volgograd HPP ngokushelela ekunciphiseni esithweni lezokuphatha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iphinde ivimbele ukubhujiswa ezingwini. Ngaphandle okudliwa isheduli nkinga ikhuthaza elikhiqizayo zidala inhlanzi emfuleni.

HPP Lighthouse

Njengoba esinye sezakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka lama-20, Volgograd amandla kagesi esiteshini Yiqiniso, izivakashi eziningi, kokubili ezifuywayo angaphandle. Umbukwane kwalesi sakhiwo iyamangalisa ngempela. Ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi yokusetha kabusha amanzi entwasahlobo.

Ngaphezu HPP kakhulu kuqondisa ngokuvamile ukweluleka nezivakashi ukuba zivakashe esiteshini yesibani, sise esangweni eningizimu. Kanti inikeza umbono eyingqayizivele noMfula iVolga ngokwayo, idolobha kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Kuyinto sibonakala kalula kusukela yesibani kanye Motherland lesikhumbuzo.

izici zemvelo

Yiqiniso, ukuba kwakhiwe le Volgograd amandla kagesi alethwe umnotho wezwe umusa okukhulu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwakhiwa yayo, ngeshwa, yabangela umonakalo elisemqoka kuya-ecosystem kanye iVolga futhi izingxenye ugu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, idamu emifula sivale umgwaqo zidala izinhlanzi yoLwandle iCaspian. Ikakhulukazi abangenwa yilo Russian Sturgeon, beluga inhlanzi iVolga. Iyatholakala kwi izinhlanzi ikheshi esiteshini akahlukile komkhawulokudonsa eliphezulu kakhulu futhi inikeza inhlanzi, umhubhe bengekho ngaphezu kwama-15%. On Sturgeon kanye ezomisiwe, zidala e sifinyelela engezansi emfuleni, ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower, ngenhlanhla, cishe ayiphazamiseki.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isitshalo, Volgograd amandla kagesi esiteshini iye wagxeka zemvelo ezihlanganisa into ithatha semali umhlabathi olimekayo.

emzaneni wanyamalala

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le iVolga wendlale, ingxenye yalo kubhekwa HPP, ke wawudla izindwali lenqwaba zokuhlala. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ukuba kwakhiwe le Rybinsk isitshalo ngaphansi kwamanzi washiya umuzi wasendulo Mologa, okuyinto namuhla ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi i-Atlantis Soviet. 249 bese ngalenqaba ukushiya le ndawo, yebo, walahlekelwa. Imibiko wathumela emagunyeni aphakeme, kamuva yaphawula ukuthi 'wahlupheka iloli sezinzwa, "okungukuthi, impela nje, baba uphazamisekile emqondweni.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le Volgograd amandla kagesi uma nawo waphuphuma inqwaba emizaneni. Ngokwesibonelo, indawo lapho abantu kwadingeka ukuba baphinde, kwaba emzaneni Meadow Proleyka. Phakathi Battle of kwaseStalingrad ngazalelwa edolobhaneni eliseduze ezingemuva amasosha aseSoviet. It kwaku ingxenye 8 Air Force nasezibhedlela ezine. Ngemva ukwakhiwa emzaneni emifula washukumiseleka ukuba kwenye indawo, lapho kukhona namuhla.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II lapho sasisihlanganyela hydrostation kufanele ngaphansi kwazo ukuba zakhelwe ngasedolobheni Kamyshin. Uma waqalwa, amanzi ayesuke babe ingxenye yamuka kwedolobha Saratov, Engels, Umshicilelo Volsky nabanye. Ngenhlanhla, ingqondo wanqoba ke, futhi lakhiwa Volzhskaya HPP lapho namuhla. Awukho umuzi lapho isakhiwo sayo awuzange enezikhukhula.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le Volgograd (kwaseStalingrad) HPP okokuqala eSoviet Union ukuhambisa wezimpahla lift iye yasetshenziswa. Kamuva lobu buchwepheshe hhayi kanye ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha ezinye izitshalo amandla.

Qedela ukwakhiwa into ebalulekile efana Volgograd amandla kagesi Kwahlelwa ngesikhathi - ingakapheli iminyaka 6. Kodwa eqinisweni ukwakhiwa yayo yathatha iminyaka engu-11. nezikhathi okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako ngokuyinhloko ngenxa kokufa kukaStalin. Phela, i-main angisebenzi ekwakheni kuphothuliwe. Ngemva kokufa umholi ngo-1953, iningi labo kwadingeka ukuba lihlakazwe.

abayizigidi ezingu-140 imitha cubic inhlabathi likhethwe Lapho ukwakha Volgograd HPP abakhi. Uma-ke kwadingeka ukuba uthuthwa wesitimela, khona-ke wathatha ezimotweni 8 million. Endaweni naleli damu ukuchichima usakhiwa HPP kwathiwa ohlangene ubumba ungqimba m 12 obukhulu.

Esikhathini sethu phambi kwesango lendlu idamu kukhona iphuzu amaphoyisa omgwaqo, abakhi lesikhumbuzo, kanye uhlanganyela ilebula lwesixwayiso ukwenqatshelwa kokusetshenziswa kwabantwana isithombe nevidiyo. Ukuze wenze Trekking edamini akuvunyelwe.

Namuhla, i-HPP isalokhu target ezibalulekile, has nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni wesifundazwe futhi inhlalakahle abakhe emizini ka Volgograd, Kamyshin, Volzhsk, nokunye. D. Zonke kwenzekani ngesikhathi izinqubo esiteshini njengasekuqaleni, imbozwe abezindaba. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi sokukhipha amanzi. Funda lapho ukhupha ukudedelwa yamanzi Volgograd amandla kagesi noma eziningi kuhlelwe lokuqala ukutholakala kwama, isibonelo, kalula kube kokubili ngokusebenzisa amaphephandaba kanye lendawo inthanethi izindaba inthanethi.