The main wegesi "Amandla yeSiberia": isikimu

Russia nase China baye babe ozakwethu eduze emkhakheni umnotho futhi enkundleni ngamazwe. Phakathi uthi isivumelwano wokuvelela ngokuya nokubambisana emkhakheni ibhizinisi. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa inkontileka igesi supply China blue nophethiloli ngokusebenzisa umugqa "Amandla yeSiberia."

Ayini amaqiniso eziphawuleka kakhulu mayelana nale phrojekthi? Kuyini icebo ukulethwa nalehleliwe igesi eRussia kuya China?

ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana iphrojekthi

Pipeline "Amandla yeSiberia" owawuzoba China kusukela Yakutia. Idolobha elikhulu, lapho-ke kuzodlula - Blagoveshchensk, eKhabarovsk futhi Vladivostok. I "Amandla yeSiberia" - phakathi eziza kuqala ephakeme "Gazprom". Umsebenzi elihambisana kuzokwenziwa nge kokubili Russian futhi ohlangothini Chinese. Iphayiphi ziyohlanganyela uhlelo fuel lokusabalalisa Irkutsk Yakutsk izikhungo zokukhiqiza igesi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igama project - "Amandla eSiberia" - WaseRussia kunqunywa imiphumela emncintiswaneni.

Kusolwa ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala ka iphayiphi - kusukela Yakutia ukuba eKhabarovsk, bese Vladivostok - uzobe ethunywe ekupheleni 2017. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi umzila iphayiphi igesi ukudluliswa ngizohamba umzila we ipayipi elithwala uwoyela kusuka Eastern eSiberia baya ePacific coast ohlangothini. Lokhu kuzokwenza kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko ukwakhiwa ezidingekayo ingqalasizinda yephrojekthi ugesi.

Izici nowesifunda iphayiphi

I "Amandla yeSiberia" ubandakanya ukwakhiwa igesi ukudluliswa umugqa lezingalo eziyizinkulungwane 4. Km. It izosetshenziselwa okukhiphayo Igesi yemvelo, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kusukela izikhungo ezimbili zokukhiqiza - Irkutsk Yakutsk, bebheke eKhabarovsk. Kulindeleke ukuthi iphayiphi kuyoba umfutho onamandla ukuthuthukiswa komnotho hhayi kuphela eliseMpumalanga Ekude, kodwa futhi ingxenye Asian we Russian Federation iyonke. Lokhu kuyoba okungagcini nje ngenxa ephakeme izimali eqondile ukuvela imisebenzi izinkampani zokukhiqiza igesi kanye ezokuthutha, kodwa futhi esenziwa okwandisa ezingeni gasification zasemizaneni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, le amathuba kwethulwa ukukhiqizwa entsha. Lezi zinqubo sizobuye zishukunyiswa ukwesekwa isabelomali, ikakhulukazi, uma ngaphansi kohlelo lwentuthuko igesi supply Abasensimini Primorsky.

Map iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" yilena elandelayo.

Siyabona ukuthi isikimu we phrojekthi ihloselwe insimu enkulu. Kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukuhlola ububanzi kwezomnotho yephrojekthi.

isikali kwezomnotho

Pipeline "Amandla yeSiberia" - phakathi amaphrojekthi ngobukhulu emlandweni ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho Russia yesimanje. Njengoba sazi, inkontileka igesi ezinkulu, okubangela 'Gazprom "kwadingeka ithuba ukufaka emakethe obusha elinesimo ezingaba omkhulu Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi Russia nase-China. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, Russia uyokhulula eChina mayelana omunye trillion cubic metres of gas for ingqikithi cishe u- $ 400 billion. Ukuze uqhathanise, GDP waseRussia ngaleso PPP imayelana 3.5 izindodla zezimali. Kuyaziwa ukuthi counterparty ka "Gazprom", China National Petroleum Corporation, bayoqhubeka mayelana $ 25 bhiliyoni phambi supply fuel uzoqala. Umthamo elilinganisiwe iphayiphi igesi - yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 38 cubic metres of gas ngonyaka. zokuthutha zokubasa umfutho elihambisana le nkomba kufinyelelwe njengoba kulindeleke iminyaka 5 zisuka supply kuqala.

Ngokusho kodokotela abathile, iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" ziyobonakala at zigcwele by 2024. Manje izinkampani Russian abathintekayo ekulungiseleleni zokwakha, kanye nokungeniswa kwezincwadi izinto ezidingekayo kanye nemishini. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngesikhathi 2015 isayithi izonikelwa 500-600 thous. Amathani imishini. Futhi ngo-2015-ke kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukwakha wokuqala igesi yokudlulisela amapayipi.

Ungena yesivumelwano

Isivumelwano phakathi Russia nase-China i-supply yokubasela okuthiwa umzila empumalanga sasayinwa ku 13 Okthoba 2014 ezingeni kokubili ohulumeni. Ngokusho isivumelwano sesiyabazi izimo ukhiye ubambiswano phakathi Russia nase-China phezu ingxenye yephrojekthi, kufaka ekhatsi isici ukuklanywa, ukwakhiwa kanye ne-operation ye izindawo cross-border ye iphayiphi. Ukwakhiwa iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" wayiswa kwekhono izinkampani ezimbili - Russian "Gazprom" futhi CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation).

Ukusayina yesivumelwano phakathi Russia nase-China ekwakhiweni emgqeni ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa ukuvumele ezweni lethu ukubala diversification supply Igesi yemvelo. Manje, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi, usukela kwencika esinda kakhulu ku igesi Russian ukuthekelisa yokuthengisa eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa izingxabano zezombangazwe phakathi eRussia kanye West kungaba nzima nge ukuqhubeka ozakwethu isiqondiso esifanele. Ngakho, reorientation gas lemikhiqizo China - isinyathelo maqondana diversification eyayidingeka kakhulu ukunikezela. China - emakethe ekhula nge umkhakha athuthukile, okuyinto njalo isidingo esiningi igesi yemvelo. Russian Federation - omunye abahlinzeki ambalwa abakulungele ukuthengisa igesi eChina uzinzile futhi okungabizi.

Izinsiza igesi

Ngakho, iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" uyokhulula eChina uphethiloli akhiqizwa Irkutsk Yakutsk izikhungo. Ngokuphathelene umthombo wokuqala, kulindelekile ukukhiqizwa gas ngesikhathi Kovykta ensimini. Izitoke uphethiloli therein kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe 1.5 isigidintathu cm. Ngokuphathelene yakut maphakathi ukukhiqizwa uzoya Chayandinskoye ensimini. izinqolobane zayo amayelana 1.2 TCM.

Izici kokwakhiwa iphayiphi igesi

Ngakho, sibona indlela elinamandla ngayo futhi kusakazeke is kufaka ekhatsi ingxenye yegama, "Amandla eSiberia" - iphayiphi igesi. Ubani yakha ke? Ngubani inkontileka jikelele ukuze kwalolu hlelo international?

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi jikelele osonkontileka iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" abathintekayo kungase kungabi. Okungenani ngo abezindaba ukusakaza lo mbono. Kusolwa ukuthi ukwakha iphayiphi igesi "Amandla yeSiberia" osonkontileka uzobe emelelwa izinhlangano ezincane. Ngalo mqondo, i- "Gazprom", njengoba kwaphawula u-abanye abahlaziyi, bashintsha indlela yakhe - ngaphambi Russian igesi corporation namanje wakhetha uzakwethu phambili. Endabeni iphrojekthi enjalo, njengoba iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia", osonkontileka ngeke enze imisebenzi zendawo.

Isikimu bendabuko

Isikimu bendabuko eyayiqhutshwa "Gazprom", ukusatshalaliswa izinkontileka Kusolwa e eziningi ezinkulu, ukuthi inqunywa inhlangano phambili, okuyinto eyingoduso ekwakhiweni ingxenye omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ingqalasizinda "South Stream" ngaphambi kokuba kabusha ku Turkey, wayephethe Nhlangano "Stroygazmontazh". Isigaba YaseYurophu "South Stream" kwaba ukwakha inkampani "Stroytransgaz". Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iphrojekthi "North Stream" waqalwa ngaphansi kobuholi inkampani "Stroygazconsulting".

unswinyo isici

uhlelo okunethezekile, abahlaziyi bathi, akukalungi kahle kahle kule izimo zamanje, uma unswinyo zabekwa maqondana Russian Federation kusukela amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Iqiniso ukuthi lezi zinkampani Russian futhi waba ngaphansi kwabo, ukuze bakwazi ukungenisa ezinye izinhlobo imishini edingekayo. Ikakhulu, i-imishini Caterpillar futhi Welding izinhlelo ezifana CRC-Evance, ekhiqizwa e-United States.

umbandela iziqinisekiso

Enye inguqulo, echaza kubukezwe "Gazprom" inqubomgomo ku osonkontileka ukuthi ngaphansi amaphrojekthi ezinkulu ezifana, okuyinto iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia", umkhuba izidingo Russian for iziqinisekiso ebhange. Ubunzima nalabo okungenzeka unalo "Gazprom". Iqiniso lokuthi inkampani ngokuhamba 2015 igesi ngobukhulu Russia kufanele ukudlulisela abakweletwayo yayo ngekulandzelana ruble 174,3 bhiliyoni. Lokhu izikweletu njengenkulumo ngu abahlaziyi njengoba inkulu kakhulu ukuze "Gazprom", kodwa manje kungenzeka singabi ukuheha ukubolekisa eside esimweni ngenzuzo ligcwalise isikhala esasisele.

Kukhona izinkomba ukuthi ukwakhiwa iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia" sisonke uzobe ukhangwa 15 amafemu. Phakathi kwabo, ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona inkampani "Stroytransgaz". Phakathi kwezinye izinkampani ngawo "Gazprom" kungenzeka ungene ezivumelwaneni - EVRAKOR, "Ukufakwa Argus Special", "Irkutskneftegazstroy", "SpetsMontazhProekt".

Kulinganiselwa izindleko ukuze kwakhiwe "Amandla yeSiberia" - ruble engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-770 .. Kulawa, ngokukhethekile, kuze kube umnotho weRiphabhliki yaseSakha ngeke ukutshala engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-283. Hlikihla.

kokuhlaziywa yephrojekthi

Ngakho, siye safunda le izinkomba eziyisisekelo kwezomnotho yephrojekthi. Sine ibalazwe iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia 'nayo uphenyo. Yiziphi kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda efanele amathemba ongakapheli abahlaziyi abezindaba Russian?

Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi "Amandla yeSiberia" - isibonelo ukubambisana ngamazwe yimpumelelo. Iqiniso lokuthi iphayiphi ezidingekayo ngaleli zinga esusela Russia nase China. Emongweni zezombusazwe yephrojekthi, njengoba abahlaziyi bakholelwa, uye nakakhulu umfelandawonye phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.

Umthelela kwezomnotho Kulinganiselwa ngochwepheshe kuphela omuhle. Revenue Gazprom nokulethwa uphethiloli, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kuyoba cishe u- $ 400 billion. umfutho Obalulekile ezithuthukisa umnotho we Russian Federation uzothola izifunda ohambelana - kokubili ngokoMthetho utshalomali, futhi uma kuziwa ekwakheni ingqalasizinda entsha, kuhlanganise ezimbonini.

Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi abathengi eyinhloko igesi emhlabeni Esikhathini esimaphakathi kuyoba iChina neNdiya. "Amandla yeSiberia" - iphrojekthi lapho, ngalo mqondo, kuyinto efanele ngokugcwele ngokwemigomo ukuhlanganisa nemikhuba komnotho wephasi loke. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, ngo-2020 Dynamics gas ukusetshenziswa e China uyofinyelela yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 420. Amamitha Cubic.

Russia nase China yasayina isivumelwano ku igesi zosizo, uvulile amathuba okwandisa ukubambisana e umngcele izifunda. Ngenxa yokuba khona WaseRussia ingqalasizinda entsha ingaqala ngempumelelo ezifakwa entsha yemvelo, okuyinto abacebile eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kukhona amathuba ngokuya yokungenisa esikhundleni, nekwandzisa umtsamo ukukhiqizwa yezimboni esifundeni.

Ukwakhiwa iphayiphi "Amandla yeSiberia", kulindeleke ukuba kube isici esihle ekuthuthukiseni yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude esifundeni wonkana, kuhlanganise ubukhulu nomphakathi. Izakhamizi abahlala kuzingxenye eziphathelene Russia uzothola amathuba amasha emisebenzi, ibhizinisi, imfundo.

Kukhuthaza ukutshala

Kukhula umnotho yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude eyonquma njengoba kulindelekile abahlaziyi, ukukhula zimali isithakazelo kulezi zindawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke ulindele ukuthi emasimini awo kukhona ukwenza imisebenzi osomabhizinisi China, okuyinto eduze kakhulu, kodwa futhi abavela kwamanye amazwe hhayi kuphela - ikakhulukazi, South Korea, eVietnam, Singapore. Silindele a reorientation abalulekile lehamba embili eLuhlelweni zimali yasekhaya. Abaningi babo manje kutshalwa amaphrojekthi zaphesheya, kanti kungenzeka ukuthi inhloko-dolobha yabo uzophinde iqondiswe umnotho eSiberia neMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia. Lokhu kungasiza futhi unswinyo imingcele esebenzayo izinkampani Russian.