Wemboni umkhakha: izinhlobo, ngezigaba, ukuphathwa nakwezomnotho. Imikhakha eyinhloko emnothweni

Izwe ngalinye has ipulazi lalo. Kuyinto sibonga umkhakha ubuyise isabelomali, wenza izimpahla ezidingekayo, imikhiqizo, izinto zokusetshenziswa. I degree of ukuthuthukiswa yezwe ixhomeke nekusebenta emnothweni kazwelonke. Ayanda lakhiwa, kulapho amandla ezomnotho yezwe futhi, ngokufanelekile, izinga lokuphila izakhamuzi zakhona. ukuphathwa odonsa phambili we umnotho wenza izitho ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile amabhizinisi osendaweni ezibalulekile kulawulwa isimo.

Umqondo imikhakha yezomnotho

Wonke amabhizinisi, izimboni, izikhungo ukuthi bekwi womshini imikhiqizo noma amasevisi yohlobo olufanayo, ukuqiniseka embonini. Isikhathi esining impela, le umkhakha wemboni abasebenza eduze ndawonye. Basebenzisa ekukhiqizeni kwabo izinto, izinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini ezivela kwezinye izimboni. Zonke imikhakha yezomnotho zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala bakhululeke abezimboni zezimayini. It is waziphatha isizinda amaminerali nezinye izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Futhi lapha zihlanganisa kwasolwandle nomkhiqizo. Eyesibili isigaba - imboni yokukhiqiza. Lolu hlobo waziphatha kucutshungulwa zonke izinhlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa. Imikhakha eyinhloko emnothweni - kungcono nje izimboni, ezolimo ukwakhiwa, uhlelo ezokuthutha. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe nezinye sub-izinhlobo.

zone kwezomnotho waseRussia

Izwe ine ukusatshalaliswa engalingani izidubedube. Yingakho egatsheni Russian komnotho bakha izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu kwezomnotho: eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude futhi esibonakala ngokuqina izinqolobane eside kwezinsiza. Lapha ubuswa bakhululeke abezimboni zezimayini. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga ayinakho isisekelo seensetjenziswa ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke, umkhakha wemboni ikakhulukazi kucutshungulwa. Kule ndawo ke bagxila 2/3 of zonke izindawo zezimboni.

Imikhakha yezomnotho. ngezigaba

Kuye ngalokho injongo ukukhiqizwa, umkhakha, amaqembu "A" futhi "B". Eyokuqala waziphatha yokukhiqiza of izindlela zokukhiqiza, kwesibili - imikhiqizo umthengi. Futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi zokukhiqiza futhi nonproduction sphere. Imikhakha yezomnotho ezihambelana emkhakheni wezimboni :

• umkhakha;
• ezokuxhumana, ezokuthutha;
• ezolimo;
• amaHlathi;
• ukwakhiwa;
• iIgama.

Wonke amasevisi, nezinsiza zomphakathi bakha-non-ukukhiqizwa sphere:

• ukunakekelwa kwezempilo;
• imfundo;
• Izinsiza;
• ubuciko, amasiko,
• ezezimali, impesheni;
• Isayensi t. D.

Negesi, uwoyela, embonini yamalahle

Okokhelekayo namandla eziyinkimbinkimbi yezwe - a kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ngendlela futhi amandla ezomnotho. Negesi umkhakha zihlanganisa ukuhlola igesi Amasimu, ukukhiqizwa yayo, ezokuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ukukhiqiza igesi yemvelo ayibizi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izimayini zamalahle izindleko idlula izindleko zokukhiqiza igesi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10. Embonini kawoyela ifuna imali, ukukhiqizwa futhi ukulethwa uwoyela. Phela ekhishwe kanye negesi yemvelo. Eqolo kuyinto embonini yamalahle. Stone, ansundu limbiwa ezimayini. Lezi imikhakha yezomnotho adinga kokutshala imali enkulu, kanye inani elikhulu human resources.

amandla kagesi

Ukuze fuel namandla eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi lihlanganise ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa Kwezimiso amandla kagesi. It kuveza izitshalo amandla ezishisayo, enuzi kanye nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Heat esiteshini esetshenziswa ukwenziwa igesi, amalahle, Peat noma uwoyela nophethiloli. Ngezinye omlilo yabo ukushisa amandla iguqulwe ibe amandla kagesi. Ogwini imizimba omkhulu wamanzi oyakhayo amandla kagesi. Ukukhiqizwa izindleko kagesi zingabantu ephansi kakhulu. Uma endaweni ayinakho nemifula, futhi amasheya elikhulu fuel, le esakhiwe izitshalo amandla enuzi. Umsebenzi wabo isebenzisa i-uranium imikhando. Fuel ukusetshenziswa at kakhulu kancane. Enye inzuzo undoubted - ekulondolozeni imvelo ihlanzekile. Igama elisha le-eneji - geothermal izitshalo amandla. Basebenzisa ukushisa sangaphakathi umhlaba (etholakala eduze intabamlilo).

yokusansimbi

Yegatsha kwemnotfo emazweni amaningi (kuhlanganise naseRussia) zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa izinsimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni. Hlunga ngokugcwele umjikelezo yokusansimbi (yensimbi, steel, iphuma) kanye ingulube lapho kungekho yensimbi. On indawo lolu hlobo kuthinta ukutholakala izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namandla. Amagatsha emnothweni Russia bekwi ukukhiqizwa steel waligingqa steel - omunye abaholi bezwe. non-ayoni yokukhiqiza metal ubuchwepheshe enezinto eziningi izici. Okokuqala ore misela, khona-ke ukuthola ingcebo yabo. CONCENTRATE Produced, metal ongahluziwe. Ukuze udlulisele sezindawo edingekayo kanye nemingcele yokusebenza yokucwenga wenziwa. Ukwabela ukukhiqizwa esindayo (nickel, okuhola tin) nokukhanya (aluminium, titanium) izinsimbi. Metallurgy of izinsimbi ezisindayo sisetshenziselwa izinto khudlwana: the Ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa metal kudinga amathani angamakhulu ambalwa emkhandweni wensimbi. Eziningi zalezi zinkampani zitholakala eduze imithombo of izinto zokusetshenziswa.

ubunjiniyela

Izinkampani isiqoqi sama-softwe kufanele inake ezicini eziningana: ukutholakala izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye umthengi, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, ezokuthutha evumayo nangenkathi indawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa mikhakha yezomnotho: yezimoto, imoto wokwakha umkhakha, imikhumbi, tractor. Futhi kulesi sigaba zifaka ukwenza insimbi, ukukhiqizwa zasendlini kanye computer electronic. Imboni is uyabandakanyeka womshini izingxenye kanye izingxenye.

Enterprises izinkuni, izimboni chemical

Ukukhiqizwa izingodo umkhakha sihlangane nsuku zonke. Lokhu yamaphuzu futhi ifenisha, nokuningi. Timber umkhakha wemboni bekwi nokuqoqa, ukusetshenziswa kabusha ngokhuni. Ngokuvamile la mabhizinisi zitholakala ezifundeni nge ekutshaleni olubanzi izihlahla. Izinkuni umkhakha silwenza izingxenye isakhiwo ezenziwe ngokhuni, ipulangwe, ifenisha. Futhi, le ndawo ihlanganisa umkhakha yokusaha. amapulazi Ukwakhiwa kwamaphepha umkhakha BakaJehova banyathelisa iphepha, amakhadibhodi, uginindela, iphepha iphakeji. Ukwabela njengoba resin umkhakha. It is waziphatha yokukhiqiza of kumakhemikhali awuketshezi, methanol, ukukhiqizwa hydrolysis. Chemical umkhakha kuhilela ukwenza endwangwini, udayi, epulasitikini futhi upende umkhakha. Futhi kule eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa kwemithi, ukukhiqizwa organic zokwenziwa izinto, amakhemikhali yasendlini.

legatsha wezolimo

Ezolimo iyingxenye kuhle ebalulekile emnothweni, eqinisweni, ihlinzeka labantu nge ukudla. Lesi sigaba sehlukaniswe nemfuyo kanye ukutshalwa zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo (izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu kanye nezitshalo zezimboni, nokunye. N.). abakhiqizi Agricultural ngubani nokuzalanisa izilwane - a izinkomo-zizalela (inyama, avalele zohlobo), izimvu, izinkukhu. Kukhona futhi ipulazi yokutshala izingulube, amahhashi, izinhlanzi, izilwane noboya ezinembewu. Kwezinyosi futhi yezindawo imfuyo.