Uranium emkhandweni wensimbi. Indlela kukhishwe i-uranium-ore. Uranium ore eRussia

Lapho zitholakale lapho izakhi enemisebe we ishadi lesikhathi, umuntu ekugcineni necebo ukusetshenziswa ngabo. Kwathi ne-uranium. Sasisetshenziselwa kokubili ezindizeni zempi nezinjongo zomphakathi kunokuba aye empini. Uranium ore kusetshenzwe, ilungu wafakwa asetshenziswe upende namabhodlela izimboni. Ngemva kwatholakala imisebe, lalisetshenziswa embonini zenuzi. Kanjani sihlanzekile nophethiloli imvelo kunikezwa? Bathi ngalokhu kuze kube manje.

uranium yemvelo

Imvelo uranium ngefomu okumsulwa alikho - kuba ingxenye netshe namaminerali. The main uranium-ore - kuyinto carnotite futhi pitchblende. Libuye ezifakwa enkulu yalesi amasu chemical isici esasitholakala emhlabeni namaminerali torfievyh - orthite, titanium, zircon, monazite, xenotime. Uranium ezifakwa atholakala rocks nge-esidi Silica medium and okusezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlala. Wakhe nabangane - calcite, Galena, molybdenite, nabanye.

ezifakwa Global futhi alondoloza

Kuze kube manje, thina uhlole emikhakheni eminingi kule ungqimba 20-ikhilomitha ka komhlaba. Bonke aqukethe lenqwaba amathani uranium. Le mali uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka nesintu amandla ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili. lamazwe ahamba phambili lapho uranium-ore itholakala ngokwezinga elikhulu kukhona Australia, eKazakhstan, eRussia, e-Canada South Africa, e-Ukraine, Uzbekistan, USA, iBrazil, iNamibia.

uranium Amafomu

Radioactivity kubangela nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali timphawu. uranium Yemvelo siqukethe isotopes ezintathu. Bobabili amadlozi yochungechunge enemisebe. uranium Yemvelo isotopes isetshenziselwe ukudala yokubasela ukusabela enuzi kanye nezikhali. Futhi, 238 kuyinto impahla eluhlaza ngokukhiqiza plutonium-239.

isotopes U234 ka-uranium bangabantu ezingaphansi nuclides U238. Baqaphela njengoba iningi asebenzayo futhi unikeze emisebeni enamandla. U235 IKhompyuthaYami kuyizikhathi 21 buthaka, nakuba kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngezinhloso ngenhla - it has ikhono ukusekela zenuzi chain reaction ngaphandle yelikhono ezengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona isotopes zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa of uranium. Namuhla, labo aziwa 23, abaluleke kakhulu kuwo - U233. Siqokomisa ikhono isebenze ngaphansi kwethonya neutrons kancane, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga izinhlayiya okusheshayo.

Ukwahlukaniswa ore

Nakuba i-uranium kungatholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo - ngisho eziphilayo - izingqimba lapho kuqukethwe, kungaba ezahlukene uhlobo. Bona encike kuyo, nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Uranium ore libhekwa ngu nemingcele ezilandelayo:

1. Ezemfundo Izidingo - endogenous futhi exogenous ore metamorphogenic.
2. Ubunjalo uranium ezilamatshe aligugu - eyinhloko, ayefaka luhlanganiswe uranium-ore.
3. Usayizi lokubolekwa okusanhlamvu amaminerali - indawo, aphakathi nendawo, emihle, kanye particulate okuncane ore ingxenyenamba.
4. Ubumqoka ukungcola - molybdenum, vanadium, njll
5. Ukwakheka ukungcola - carbonate, silicate, sulfide, yensimbi oxide, kaustobiolitovye.

Kuye indlela oluthathwa uranium-ore indlela ukuze kutholakale therefrom isici zamakhemikhali. Silicate ziphathwe acid ehlukahlukene, carbonate - soda izixazululo, kaustobiolitovye ahlanganiswe amandla omlilo, futhi oxide yensimbi Incibilikile esithandweni kuqhuma.

Indlela kukhishwe i-uranium-ore

Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke Eqinisweni izimayini, zikhona izindlela ezithile nezindlela yokukhipha uranium oluphuma edwaleni. Zonke lincike onjani IKhompyuthaYami ungaphakathi ukwakheka lithosphere. Isizinda of uranium-ore wenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu. Kwezomnotho umsindo Ukukhetha lento edwaleni lapho okuqukethwe kwawo e inani 0.05-0.5%. Kukhona okwami, inkwali nezimayini Leach indlela. Ukusetshenziswa ngamunye kubo ixhomeke ukubunjwa isotopes futhi idwala ukujula. Ukumba uranium-ore kungenzeka lapho ivela engajulile. ingozi Ubuncane ukuchayeka. Ayikho inkinga ne inqubo - ogandaganda asetshenziswa kabanzi, Loaders, yokulahla amaloli.

ukukhiqizwa Imayini - iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa zokulala lento at a up 2 amakhilomitha ukujula, futhi umnotho. Breed kumele ibe lokuhlushwa eliphezulu uranium ukuze akhiqize kwakufaneleka. Esikhathini Umhubhe ngoba sokulondeka seqophelo eliphezulu leli, lokhu kungenxa ngendlela misela uranium-ore ngomshoshaphansi. Abasebenzi ebekelwa izingubo ezivikelayo, ukusebenza ngokuqinile kungagcini. Mines ifakwe ngamakheshi, sithuthukiswe ukupholisa.

Leaching - indlela yesithathu - abahlanzekile imvelo kanye nokuphepha kwabasebenzi izinkampani zezimayini. Ngokusebenzisa isimiso imithombo akhishwa ku isixazululo ekhethekile amakhemikhali. Ancibilikisa echibini futhi ligcwele uranium compounds. Isixazululo ke akhishwa futhi ithunyelwa izitshalo ukucubungula. Le ndlela ithuthuke kakhulu, kungaba ukunciphisa izindleko kwezomnotho, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwalo enezinto eziningi ukulinganiselwa.

Imali e-Ukraine

Izwe lase ojabulayo umnikazi ezifakwa element kuyiphi ukukhiqiza uphethiloli zenuzi. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa, Ukraine uranium imikhando aqukethe izimpahla ezingamathani angu-235 of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Okwamanje, senza kuphela wathola isiqinisekiso idiphozi, equkethe amathani angu 65. Inani ezithile kakade athuthukile. Ingxenye uranium elisetshenziswa kuleli zwe, amanye ukuthunyelwa.

Idiphozi main ubhekwa le Kirovograd-uranium-ore esifundeni. Okuqukethwe uranium incane - kusuka 0.05 0.1% ton of rock ngayinye, ngakho izindleko impahla kuphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-etholwe eluhlaza izinto exchange eRussia ukuqedela izakhi yokubasela amandla.

Idiphozi ngobukhulu kuyinto Novokonstantinovskoye. Okuqukethwe uranium edwaleni kuzonciphisa izindleko njengoba kuqhathaniswa Kirovograd izikhathi ezicishe zibe ngu-2. Nokho, ne-90-yalolucwaningo ukuthuthukiswa akuthathi indawo, wonke amabhomu agqitshiwe zigcwele. Ngenxa eziwohlokayo ubudlelwane yezombangazwe e-Russia, e-Ukraine bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle yokubasela enuzi izitshalo amandla.

Russian uranium-ore

Uranium yezimayini I Russian Federation endaweni yesihlanu phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi enamandla - ke Khiagdinskoe, Kolichkanskoe, Istochnoye, Koretkondinskoye, Namarusskoe, Dobrynskii (Republic of Buryatia), Argun, Zherlovoye (Chita Region). Esikhathini Chita esifundeni kuthiwa ekhishwe abangu-93% i-uranium-Russian ekhiqizwa (umsebenzi nezimayini izindlela ikakhulukazi).

A ezahlukene kancane kunjalo esisemanzini Buryatia futhi Kurgan. Uranium ore eRussia kulamave kwenzeka ngendlela elikuvumela ukuba kukhishwe leaching impahla eluhlaza.

ezifakwa Ubude eRussia kulindeleke ukuba amathani 830 ka-uranium, ikufakazele izinqolobane elingamathani angaba ngu-615. It has ezifakwa e Yakutia, Karelia kanye nezinye izifunda. Njengoba i-uranium kuyinto izinto amasu global eluhlaza, izinombolo kungenzeka zingalungi ngoba imininingwane eminingi ihlukaniswa, ukufinyelela kubo has kuphela isigaba oluthile lwabantu.