Ukuhlasela kuqhuma AR-15: izici nesithombe

Rifle AR-15 (AR-15) - isibhamu semi-automatic yokukhiqiza American. Kuyinto ayeyinzalo ka izikhali efana AR-10 no-M-16. Yekuchumana esihlokweni.

Umlando omncane

Edumile emhlabeni M-16 isibhamu usuthandwa ngakho njengendlela Kalashnikov isibhamu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amahlanu eWest, kwanqunywa ukuba uthuthele osezingeni ezincane (kusuka 7,62 kuya 5.56). Khona-ke Yudzhin Stouner kwase based AR-10 abo nge 7,62, futhi ngo-1958 wabona ukukhanya umkhiqizo omusha enkampanini Armalite Division, ngokuthi AR-15. Ukuhlasela kuqhuma AR-15 kwaba 5.56 futhi wakwazi ukuphulukundlela ejwayelekile ibutho nesigqoko sokuzivikela.

Stoner aphakanyisiwe usebenzisa plastic kanye aluminiyamu ngoba uma kulinganiswa nokwenu ababengaphambi zabo lezipho ezintsha sekulula kakhulu. Enjalo futhi waphenduka AR-15 isibhamu. Magazine umthamo (ngenxa ukwehla osezingeni igobolondo) singezelelwe.

mklamo ongavamile

Rifle AR-15 (ngezansi) owenziwe Alloys super-ukukhanya. Design sici iyona "iso" ukuthwala izikhali ngalo mshini esangweni. On ibekwe kwedivayisi kwamanethiwekhi kuhloswe. Ngesidunu kuhambisana emgqonyeni.

Phakathi no-1958 yavivinywa, lapho amaphutha sezihlonziwe: a ukunemba ongaphakeme, kanye misfires njalo.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthumela isampula ibukeza, kodwa design ehlukene bureau - the Colt yenkampani Patent Izibhamu Manufacturing Company, okuyinto yena, ukugwinya ngokuphelele zethu okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili Armalite Division esikhathini esizayo.

Vietnam

Esincane isibhamu AR-15 e lemali ezinkulungwane zamakhophi kwathengwa kusukela Colt inkampani bese zithunyelwa South eVietnam ngo 1962. Injongo ukuthengwa wayengomunye: ukuzwa imodeli entsha ezimweni ukulwa yangempela.

By endleleni, phezu izingalo wasebenza uphothula zonke okufanayo Yudzhin Stouner, owashiya Armalite Division phezu kuya "Colts".

Imiphumela badabuka khulu. Esimeni semakhaya isibhamu impi baziphathe finicky kakhulu. Umsizi bamabanga waphonsa igesi eningi kakhulu uma ishiswa. Nazo ngokufanayo, bakha mass yentshede aqoqana ngaphakathi, okuholela imikhono ujamu ekamelweni. Babefanele ukubuyisa usebenzisa ramrod. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Vietnamese ahlomile "Kalash", nobunzima obunjalo ungenakho okuhlangenwe nakho. A supply gqwa kuqhuma AR-15 kuholela ukudabuka umgqomo futhi ukufa empini.

Iziphetho kanye intuthuko

Ngemva nesipiliyoni ku Vietnam umkhankaso Abaklami sibuyekezwe izimo okusebenzela kuyo izingalo entsha isampula. Rifle AR-15 yadalwa ngenhloso ngaphandle-chrome ngaphandle umgqomo, futhi lokho kwenza ukumelana ukugqwala, wakhethwa njengosuku olunye uhlobo powder for izinhlamvu ukukhiqiza, njengoba lubricator indinganiso izibhamu sithathelwe indawo ezikhethiwe uwoyela viscous izimo ezinodlame kwemvelo. Ikakhulukazi, ngoba ukuziphatha impi namavukelambuso sezulu esishisayo eVietnam.

TTH AR-15

Ngo-1958 kwaba isikhali gaba e-US ukuba aye empini. isimo okunjalo kwaba isibhamu AR-15. Imininingwane imi kanje:

• isisindo zazisuka 2,27 kuya 3.9 kg kuncike inani abashisekeli esitolo;
• ubude umkhiqizo safinyelela 991 mm;
• lapho ubude emgqonyeni kwaba 508 mm ngaphansi standard;
• igobolondo 5.56mm noma .338 Usongo NATO ngezigaba;
• nokuhlanganisa isibhamu kokudubula wezinga ahluka imizuliswano ngomzuzu 700 950;
• the velocity sokuqala ichashazi - 975 m / s;
• ububanzi Ngempumelelo izikhali - 400-600 amamitha.

XM16E1, noma ukuvuselelwa M-16

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingalo USA zokudoba babe zonke izinhlobo permutations kusuka 1963 kuya ku-1967. Ekuqaleni inkampani Colt wathola i-oda ekuthunyelweni enkulu M-16 kanye XM16E1 encane, bese kusukela XM lwe-aliwa ubaqondisa imibhalo lobuchwepheshe njengendlela ukugcwalisa izikhala phakathi amasampula elingasekho empini futhi ungazange okwamanje yokutholwa entsha.

Ngokomthetho XM16E1 imodeli kuhlanganisiwe ezimfanelweni ezinhle kokubili M-16, futhi avela ku-AR-15. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1967, bathatha lo isibhamu imodeli, kodwa ngaphansi M16A1 ziphawulwe igobolondo osezingeni 5.56.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabeni wonke waqala mass-umkhiqizo onobuhle izikhali encike u-Eugene Stoner ngamagama ahlukene. Eqinisweni, bonke bangabafowabo ukufaniswa AR-15.

"The Hammer" isibhamu. Russia

Sekuyisikhathi eside Domestic ukuzingela abathanda wakhetha ukusebenzisa i enizithandayo hhayi carbines ezifana "Saiga", futhi onobuhle Western. Zisekelwe AR-15 isibhamu. Russia ukhiqiza carbines ngokuthi "Boar-15", okuthiwa futhi "The Hammer" yokudumisa imboni yokukhiqiza e Vyatka.

Isikhali kwakuqala ukwanda ngenxa izindleko zayo ongaphakeme kuqhathaniswa amasampula izimbangi '. Nokho, ngenxa design, efana AR-15, kungenzeka ukufaka ezengeziwe umzimba ungakuphi.

Abaklami Domestic akazange ukudalula imininingwane kule "Boar" ratio angaphandle imininingwane ezifuywayo, kodwa siyazi ukuthi i-chrome emgqonyeni njengoba ekuqaleni ifakwe Colt emva ngokomfanekiso 'ukulingwa Vietnamese. " Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyinto enhle, ngakolunye - hhayi njengoba kunzima esikhundleni imininingwane enjalo.

Nozwela abazingeli isampula wazuza ngokusebenzisa ibhalansi elikhulu kakhulu futhi isisindo njengoba onobuhle kuqhathaniswa, okuncike Kalashnikov. A ezimakethe zomhlaba zigcwele izibonelo ikhithi umzimba izikhali esekelwe AR-15.

Rifle AR-15, "Schmeisser". Germany.

Igama elithi "Schmeisser" abantu abaningi sizihlanganise nabantu a ngesibhamu submachine MP-40 iMpi Yezwe II. Kodwa lokhu isikhali has umlando walo kanye nomklamo walo ubuqili.

Nokho, Innovator isikhali Hugo Schmeisser uzuze isihloko omunye abaklami brilliant iningi amabili izikhali leminyaka. Inkampani ebizwa ngegama lakhe, ukhiqiza ngezibhamu semi-automatic imakwe AR-15 ngenhloso yezemidlalo, kanye ukuzingela.

Le nkampani idume yokuthi zonke izingxenye ekhiqizwa kuphela eJalimane kunokuba kuqinisekiswa bodumo imikhiqizo izinga German. A yangasese uhlelo lokuhlola izingabunjalo ikhuthaza ukuxhumana okusheshayo nge ngisabone lomthengi.

Heckler & Koch

Enye inkampani izikhali e-Germany, okusekelwe umkhiqizo okuyinto isibhamu AR-15. Imodeli ephawulwe HK416. Isihloko esikuyi inguqulelo isimiso ukuhambisana ne NATO namazinga uhlobo M-16 no-M-14. Nokuhlanganisa isibhamu iyafana AR-15 lalizishaya. Ezisebenza, kuba eduze German imodeli G36 hlobo.

Izinzuzo Mkhiqizo undoubted yilezi:

• Anhlobonhlobo: ihlinzeka nezindlela eziningi obandayo ikhithi, okuvumela ukuzivumelanisa isikhali ngokweyame kunoma yimiphi imibandela zempi.
• Ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokunemba - sibonga ngalezi zinkomba ingasetshenziswa njengendlela isibhamu sniper, into esemqoka - ukufaka umbono telescopic.
• Soft ukubuya - sibonga isakhiwo isitokwe, lathathwa M-16, isibambo elula evumela izikhali ukhululekile "ahlale" isandla.
• Ukumelana High ukugqwala.

nemibi:

• kusukela ngezibhamu izinga ngokweqile lomlilo (850 imizuliswano ngomzuzu), ngenxa ukuthi ngokushesha okukhulu uphelelwa Ammo (lophocelela isosha ukuba baphathe zinamanzi esikhulu), ngokushesha overheats, inzima sokudubula Ukuvutha - uya isiqu amanzi kuze kube sohlangothini (ikakhulukazi short-amasampula).

"Orsis"

Esinye isibonelo izikhali yasekhaya, okuyinto esekelwe entshonalanga AR-15 kuyinto semi-automatic ukuzingela sokuzingela ORSIS NJENGOBA-15.

Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka ukuthi yokuqala ngokwalo Yu.Stouner awazange asinakekele ngenxa ikhokhelwa igesi. Bona babexoshiwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa imbobo ebhuthini. Izinyathelo ezinjalo kuholele kumiswa evutha Propellant futhi wenza umcimbi we-sleeve ekamelweni.

Ngenxa izinkampani eziningi ziye zanquma ukuba uzenze AR-15, ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo nge piston igesi, ngenxa yokuthi le ndlela ukususwa powder amagesi kuyinto kunokwethenjelwa futhi engabizi.

inkampani eMoscow "Promtehnologiya" bahlakulele carabiner ngesisekelo efanayo, esebenzisa 5.56. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emgqonyeni isibhamu ekhiqizwa yinkampani uqobo, futhi akuveli phesheya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa i-stem ukusika e nokwanda kuka- 203 mm, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa amachashazi kwesamba. Umklamo sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ngezindinganiso yesimanje, buttstock telescopic, elikuvumela ukuba ulungise isikhali esekelwe ibala we umzingeli.

Arms obuphelele 870 mm, nesisindo mayelana 4 kg (3.95 ukuba eqondile).

Ngenxa Pikattini ezizibeni ihlanganise Tactical ezacile futhi izikophu ezinhlobo ezehlukene.

ekuhlaseleni ukufaniswa

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibhamu AR-15 has a Kalashnikov umnqopho ofanako. Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke kukhicite isikhali, ogxile isimiso yokusebenza, kusungulwe Eugene Stoner:

• EGeorgia, inkampani SEC "Delta" yenza imodeli ngokuthi G5;
• Israyeli ukhiqiza ngezibhamu semi-automatic yaseGilibowa 14.5 (inkampani Isiliva Shadow);
• Inkampani "Colt" legatsha eCanada ukhiqiza besporshnevoy inguqulo okuthiwa Diemaco C7 / C8 - kubonakala sengathi zabuna noma ukuthola indlela ukubhekana intuthu evela neziqhumane ezisetshenziswa;
• endleleni efanayo futhi ngaya amaShayina Norinco Corporation imodeli Norinco CQ 5,56;
• United Arab Emirates ukukhiqiza izikhali, esanikwa isikhulu igama Wild - Caracal CAR 816;
• ngisho inkampani Korean Daewoo, edumile nomkhiqizi imoto, has isampula Daewoo K2 okunezinhlobonhlobo;
• eRussia, ngaphezu "Orsisa" futhi "Boar", kukhona Skat GM-15;
• Abaklami kusuka Taiwan akazange awakholelwa ekudalweni T65 / T86 wakhe / T91 - akucaci ukuthi isibhamu, noma ithangi, noma izindiza;
• Ukraine - umkhiqizo ngokuthi Zbroyar Z-15;
• futhi lapha ePhilippines amabili wonke nomklami, ngokulandelana, amasampula amabili - UDMC F5-PVAR futhi Ferfrans ikhuphuka P;
• Montenegro - UTara TM4;
• Czech Republic - LUVO LA-16 kusukela inkampani LUVO Arms;
• abuye acedzele uhlu Switzerland nge Astra yabo StG4.

isiphetho

Ibonisa nomlando omude, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe akemi namanje. Lokhu kusebenza kunjalo izikhali. Minyaka yonke, ke yasungulwa izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo. Omunye umkhiqizo kuphazamiseke ukusebenza kwabo okuningi. Amaphutha abalwa alungiswe. A Okuhle - kuyaphothulwa ukuze ekugcineni ukuletha ephelele izinga isampula ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphumelela kuzo zonke izivivinyo futhi uvunyelwe ukuba enze inkonzo ethile.

Uma Mihail Timofeevich Kalashnikov wasungula lwesistimu ngesisekelo emgqeni edumile emhlabeni wonke imishini. Yudzhin Stouner necebo bebodwa, okuyinto naye waba edume kanye eyaqanjwa uhla yezikhali.

Mhlawumbe manje endaweni ethile omunye Ziyoza ngento ehlukile, into zicatshangwe ngaphambili. Phela, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe akemi namanje. Isikhathi esisha kudala ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi yakha imibono emisha.

Ngokwesiko ethandwa okufanayo kule mpikiswano usuku uyaqhubeka njengoba lokho steeper:-AK-74 noma-ke M-16. Abanye bafaka phambili empikiswaneni yokuthi "Kalash wesitimela amakhefu," abanye ekuphenduleni retort, "Yebo, futhi bonke -. Ngeke kujule umkhumbi othwala izindiza" Bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi M-16 futhi ushaya wesitimela, ngisho kancane - ukuthi le mpikiswano akunanjongo.

Vele ezimbili ubuhlakani lomhlaba iqhaza siyinhloko izikhali umkhakha, immortalized amagama abo.