Blast esithandweni - kwesithando somlilo yokuncibilikisa insimbi

Ukuze kukhiqizwe ingulube yensimbi embonini Metallurgical isebenzisa kuqhuma esithandweni yesimanje. Lokhu kuhhavini okwami uhlobo, engesiyo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, Nokho, okuyinto, ubukeka umxhwele. Ukuletha ukukhiqizwa ingulube yensimbi ekupheleleni, isintu besilokhu buthelela eminyaka nakho.

Ngokwengxenye uchaza lokho kwesithando somlilo ngokufutha komoya, i-isiSlavonic Esidala impande igama layo. "Dmit" - kusho ukushaya.

Okhokho balezi amaziko blast - shtukofeny

NgeNkathi Ephakathi abantu zazidingeka ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Izikhali namathuluzi zazenziwe steel, zivumelanise nezimo futhi ube namandla, bese insimbi evamile waqhubeka izinto zasendlini. esithandweni Syrodutnyh olusetshenziselwa ukwakha isizinda oyifunayo nge isikhathi eside kakhulu, sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi bangase ukuhlangabezana kahle izidingo kuze kuze amasheya mpilo imikhando fusible. Heat kufinyelelwa ngokwandisa ukuphakama (saliphosa ngakho iyakhula), emoyeni akhishwa futhi isandla Izifutho. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abantu baseYurophu kwadingeka sithuthe yekhwalithi ephansi izinto zokusetshenziswa basisebenzisa njengeHholo umfutho ukuba bathuthuke. Steel Shtukofeny kokusungulwa, ngemva kwalokho esithandweni somlilo kuqhuma uqala ukuvela. Kwakuyisikhathi avaliwe uhlobo esithandweni usebenze emjikeletweni lotsite. Kwakudinga umthwalo nsimbi, amalahle, bese ukufuthelana nge indiza ingcindezi (imizamo inhlukano siswele ngakho esetshenzisiwe eliqhutshwa amasondo amanzi), ngemva kwalokho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ulinde Ukupholisa aphilise metal, buhlukaniswe isikali nezinye byproducts lungafanelekile ngokuthi yokuqhuma. The main inzuzo shtukofenov sasihlanganisa kangcono ukushisa lokuhlushwa ngenxa ivolumu avaliwe ngaphakathi umjikelezo ukusebenza, ngenxa Ukwehla ukuvuza yayo emkhathini.

Sakaza yensimbi impucuko

Inkinga eyinhloko metallurgists medieval ekhulwini nantathu kwaba yensimbi refractoriness. Lapho shtukofene wathola yensimbi (ngamanye amazwi, i-iron-carbon ingxubevange nge lokuhlushwa carbon 1.7% nangaphezulu), thina samangala lapho ongaphakeme yayo ukuma, kodwa akazange angene injabulo. I metal okuholela kwaba lula ukuthola kunensimbi futhi ikakhulukazi yensimbi, kodwa izimfanelo zalo mechanical ngokuya umthengi ke abampofu ulula kakhulu futhi engaqinile ngokwanele. Nokho, kusasele iminyaka engamakhulu amabili nje, isimo sengqondo lishintshelwe insimbi yokusakaza. Okokuqala, balisusa nasezinguqulweni kuhhavini wazibonakalisa ayinzima, kungaba lula uthele ifomu encibilikisiwe. Okwesibili, i-metal othole kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwaso, futhi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Futhi okwesithathu, kwaba impahla eluhlaza zokuhlanzwa ngokwengeziwe carbon ngokweqile futhi ukuthola therefrom steel kwakuba lula kunalokho netshe. Ngakho, ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka okungazi zokucwaninga, kuye kwatholakala ezikhiqiza kakhulu ubuchwepheshe Metallurgical, futhi wasungula esithandweni kuqhuma. Isithando somlilo emzini Westphalian ka Siegerland (uhhafu kwekhulu xv wesibili) ongasebenza ngayo umjikelezo oqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi, esikhiqiza nsuku zonke phezu amathani kwesigamu ingulube yensimbi. Khona-ke kwaba eningi.

Isakhiwo wesithando kuqhuma

Kuphela ngemuva kokuvakashela eceleni kwaleli kuhhavini giant, ungabona kanjani elikhulu lesimanje kuqhuma esithandweni. Izithombe ukunikeza umbono yobukhulu bayo cyclopean kuphela uma zibonisa indoda, bedelelekile babe ezincane njengenhlangano intuthwane. Nokho, naphezu ukubukeka umxhwele, isimiso yokusebenza lamahubo lilingana, ephakathi. Umklamo siqukethe amayunithi ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Phezulu kwalezi, emphinjeni, ngoba yokulayisha impahla eluhlaza nokusakazwa kwayo umfaniswano ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo. Ngezansi kuba ingxenye umumo oyindilinga, lapho Ukushisa ukunciphisa inqubo (elichazwa kamuva). Eyesithathu libizwa phezulu iyunithi isitimu kukhona ukuncibilika yensimbi. Khona-ke enye ingxenye tapered, kulokhu tapering phansi, - emahlombe, okuyinto ukhululeka monoxide coke carbon (a igesi ukwehlisa). Khonokho phansi - uphondo okufanele kukhishwe umkhiqizo osuphelile futhi ukukhiqizwa udoti.

inqubo Chemistry

izinqubo Chemical kuthiwa oxidising kanye nokunciphisa. uxhumano Okokuqala kusho umoya-mpilo, i-yesibili, kunalokho, ukungafunwa abantu bayo. Ore - lokhu oxide, futhi ukuze bathole yensimbi kudinga uyakwazi reagent ka "khetha" athomu extra. indzima lebalulekile kule nqubo kuyinto coke, kuyilapho amandla omlilo Likhipha enkulu inani ukushisa ne-carbon dioxide, okuyinto ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu ubola ku monoxide amakhemikhali asebenzayo nempahla engazinzile. SB ziphelelwa kabusha isikhutha umhlangano amangqamuzana itshe elinensimbi (Fe ₂ O _3), "kuthatha" unawo wonke umoya-mpilo, kusale yensimbi kuphela. Kukhona Yiqiniso, kanye nezinye izinto ku izinto zokusetshenziswa, imfucuza, izinsalela akha, ngokuthi slag. Lena yindlela esithandweni kuqhuma. Lokhu, ngokulandela i-chemistry, ulula ukunciphisa ukusabela, kulandelwa ukusetshenziswa ukushisa.

Kuyini yena, kwaqhuma ibhomu esithandweni zanamuhla?

Blast esithandweni ukuphila isikhathi incane ngoba izakhiwo ezinjalo esikalini - cishe eyishumi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi isakhiwo is phansi imithwalo eliphezulu, thwalo Ukushisa ezishisayo, is ke wawudinga imali ukulungisa noma ukubhidliza. ukukhiqizwa yensimbi Pig ayikwazi ukuthi ayinangozi, ihlobene kwekhabhoni emkhathini phosphorus, isibabule kanye nezinye izinto akusizi kakhulu. Ithathwe ndawonye, lezi zici wakhuthaza emazweni amaningi kunciphise ukukhiqiza Metallurgical noma uthuthukise ke (ikakhulukazi uma umkhakha kuyinto eziyisisekelo futhi isabelomali-ukwakha). Modern kuqhuma esithandweni - ulula ohlelweni lwaso isimiso, Nokho, okuyinto, kudinga kuyinkimbinkimbi ukulawula wesifunda ukulawula izihibe eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namandla.