Twardowski, "Izwe Intuthwane": Isifinyezo nokuhlaziya

Phakathi nawo-30s (1934-1936) s A. Twardowski wabhala inkondlo "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane", isihloko okuyinto - ezenzeka esikhathini lokuguqulwa emzaneni. ukuhlolwa Incwadi yayingacacile kahle. Iziphathimandla bekubona ngokuyinhloko ukukhazinyuliswa collectivization, egijima ngejubane ezweni. Kodwa laba babhali, ezifana uBoris Pasternak futhi uN Aseev, waphawula ukuthi inkimbinkimbi le nkondlo sobala, kodwa eqinisweni - sekuyinto umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ake sizame ukuqonda izizathu ngayo lezi zinqubo.

"Izwe Intuthwane": isifinyezo isahluko 1. uthayi

Inkondlo iqala incazelo Ukunqamula nzima phezu isikebhe, okuyinto creaks futhi ukuphotha ka Rapids. Ngizwa kwezintathawe eziphansi kwekhanzi intambo, le nesiyaluyalu esaba khona futhi umsindo endaweni ethile okuyiyona abantu ofika phakathi kwabo zezitsha ogunyaziwe. Le ndlela lihlotshaniswa izinguquko kwenzeka endaweni, ethwele ukuphila esisha futhi ngenxa yalokho engaziwa futhi okwesabisayo. Ezweni ezinkulungwane imigwaqo, futhi omunye wabo, abo, uhamba protagonist, Nikita Morgunok. Elegant, nangabe titfunyelwe emkhosini, bathi ungumngane, ihhashi usetshenziswe ukuba isitimela nqola. "Usale kahle ... indawo kababa!" - la mazwi Nikita uphela ingxenye yokuqala le nkondlo "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane", sifinyeto okuyinto okufundayo.

Izahluko 2-5. Emgwaqweni

Wandering Morgunok kwaba edolobhaneni, lapho fun waya. Nikita wama alethwe etafuleni, "Hamba ku lomshado ... -. Kuyinto wokugcina " Etafuleni, lapho kwakungekho isikhala, zonke yemukele aphethe nesandla esivulekile, kodwa futhi umkhwenyana noma uhlamvu bakamakoti is akubone. Ukuphendula umbuzo yini lugujwa, watshelwa: lapha emshadweni, futhi ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama labo abathunywe ukuba Solovki. Ngakho enkondlweni "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane" kukhona izithombe abaxosha, ezathunywa onqenqemeni esingaziwa izinqola abezithumile nezingane zabo futhi izinto ezimbalwa. Le ndaba uphazamiseka ingoma ongokomfanekiso inyoni sibhajwe yezinyoni futhi aphuphe ngaye inkululeko.

Ngemva ukuphuma esigodini sakubo, isikhathi eside ugibele Nikita ne ihhashi bakhe abathembekile, omehlo akho ihlathi lolwandle. Umbhali ulandisa indlela ngosuku olwandulela ngokumuka kwakhe wafika Gray, owayengeyena ihhashi ngaye - umuntu ongaya kuzo.

Ekupheleni kosuku Nganquma ukuvakashela umfowabo-iqhawe, nabo kwaba abangane iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Belusizi yingxoxo nezingoma ngalobo busuku: kanjani ikusasa labo? Njalo nje uma ngicabanga yakhe.

Nikita nishadile nesikhombisa, wathuthela epulazini lakhe futhi engafuni ukuya ipulazi. Umkhulu wamtshela ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe: futhi impilo, nengcebo elihle nokuba nengcebo. Futhi uma amane zokugcina ngeke sifinyelele (Morgunku kakade amathathu nesishiyagalombili), i- "ubhekisise". Ngakho waya funa, lapho izwe okuyimfihlakalo izintuthwane, okuyinto sinomthelela umkhulu. Wathi kwakubonakala sengathi kukhona ubiyela emhlabeni. Futhi konke lokhu kuyaqhubeka emhlabeni, kakhulu, kungokwakho.

Morning waphinde wathumela Morgunok komgwaqo. I okunye uyahamba, lo kujabulise futhi sihle kuba emhlabeni. Lapha ihhashi ukhathele kakhulu, futhi wayesola Nikita uyazi futhi imizana noma amadolobhana ihlangabezane endleleni.

Isahluko 5. Umhlangano nompristi

Kungazelelwe wabona abahamba ngezinyawo ongaziwa ngaphambi hero. Wayengumuntu, belted ngentambo nimkhiphela kusukela ngaphansi isivatho sakhe izindwani (abaholi benkolo) kanye ibhokisi ngemuva. "Kubukeka sengathi ukuba basingathe abaxosha?" - lo mbuzo libhekisela umpristi Nikita. Watshela zokuphila kwakhe ezibabayo. Zonke ezifundeni uvale, kanye nezisebenzi abenza lutho. Uthi uhamba ezindaweni lapho udinga ukuba ngibhapathize lapho abashadayo ... Yilokho nje ihhashi ngaphandle kunzima. Wanikela pop Morgunku udlulela phambili ndawonye. Kodwa iqhawe wenqaba, ukuphendula anakho endleleni yakhe, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke njengoba ukucela izipho. Ukuze futhi abahlakazekile bengaba.

Isahluko 6: The Tale of umkhulu nogogo

Inkondlo Tvardovsky "Izwe Intuthwane" uyaqhubeka indaba engayizwa ngobusuku obubodwa bozela Morgunok kusukela counter okungahleliwe - uzithela eziningi kubo ohambweni lwakhe olude.

Century wahlala yakhe eliwumkhehlekhehle eqhugwaneni Umkhulu yebo wesifazane. Konke kwahamba njengenjwayelo, futhi engafuni ukuba bashintshe. Lokho ukudicilela nje minyaka yonke eza eqhugwaneni zabo, kanye lapho "ezichithekile lonke amanzi Russian kuzo zonke kwezilwandle nemifula", wacosha eqhugwaneni yabo futhi waphuthuma. Kuze ebambelele komunye izigodi. Umkhulu wabheka "emnyango ilanga", futhi nganquma ukuthi, ukuze bazi ukuthi manje siphila ngendlela entsha. Ngakho ngaqala lapho ukuba abalimi abadala.

Isahluko 7. Imicabango Stalin

Nikita asigcini lapha. Kungazelelwe, inzwabethi zibhebhetheka phakathi kwabantu: uStalin yena egibele ihhashi elimnyama. On the tube, i ijazi, zonke nakuhlolayo, ucela futhi ubhala incwadi yakhe. Futhi kubonakala Morgunku oluhamba umholi ukumhlangabeza. Useqala ukucabanga ngalokho ukubuza Iqabane Stalin? Futhi kukhona efika engqondweni umbuzo oyinhloko: lapho kuthanda "lokhu suetoriya" lapho yonke into ihamba ukuba kulahlwe? Ukhumbula hero of the ekuphileni kwangaphambili, futhi isifiso sakhe ulula: lapha ezongenza uhulumeni ukuze uqhubeke ukuhlala at farmstead yakhe. Indawo lapho wayemi, kwakufanele ezweni elifanayo izintuthwane, sifinyeto indaba umkhulu okuyinto akusuki ekhanda lakhe.

Izahluko 8-10. ukweba ihhashi

Uma Morgunka wamemeza, wabona isinxibi owayehola ngesandla, okomfana abayizimpumputhe. Kwatholakala kwaba umakhelwane wangaphambili, u-Ilya Kuzmich. Kusondele kangakanani, ngathatha iqhawe yakhe: iphathwa futhi ayebuze. Lohlolwako wakhuluma ngokuphila ezweni lapho kwakudingeka eqhugwaneni iqhwa. indodana yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo, futhi adede uhlobo wangaphambili. Manje nakhu uhamba ibanga emhlabeni, inxiba. Azithulele waya ukulala ngalobo busuku, Nikita, ngoba eduze akukho sihambi - umakhelwane. wezwa kuphela umsindo elele ebusuku. Ekuseni, wabona ukuthi Gray engekho: Ilya Kuzmich umfana ehhashini uyaphumelela. Ungenzi lutho - bahamba ndawonye ukuthola, lapho izwe izintuthwane. Morgunok vpryagsya ukuqeqesha kanzima eyisiza ukuba phambili, okubangela ilukuluku ihlangabezane.

Kokunye emzaneni ababeya wayeka: porassprosit, sabuka imibhalo, kodwa namanje ikhishwe. enqoleni Nalapha Ukuduma komsindo. Manje umdlali oyiqhawe usakhathazekile mayelana isiphetho Gray, futhi phakathi nayo wacela noma ubani ayehlangana naye.

Kanye iqhawe ifikile yonkana ekamu, wancenga ukubuyela ihhashi. Iziphetho amahhashi ke - nomunye kangcono, kodwa wayengekho phakathi kwabo grey. Nikita nobusuku ukucabanga: kusukela amaGypsy ukweba, kungani ayengeke athathe kude nabo ihhashi. Wayeya ngisho esibayeni, kodwa unogada yajabha kanye nalokho waqhubeka.

Izahluko 11-12. Umhlangano lo mpristi futhi Bugrov

Ezinsukwini ezintathu ka ukudonsa inqola Morgunok, ngisho ngakujwayela kuya "ihhovisi" ihhashi - uyaqhubeka indaba A. Twardowski. Izintuthwane Country - isifinyezo sezinto Nikita travel kuyafana ukuzidela amaqhawe Nekrasov - konke akazange uhlangabezana, nakuba hero zaphumela kude nasekhaya. Wahlangana ugandaganda, landizela ngenhla kuye esibhakabhakeni, izindiza, wayesefakwa edonsa ezinqoleni, balandela umfana. Ngaphinde ehlangana naye endleleni umpristi umgwaqo, futhi wayebaleka ukuze umgadi webhiza Morgunka. Hero wazama ukubamba ke, kodwa aphume stirrups, ukuthi wanyamalala.

Ngo elinye lamadolobha hit Nikita emakethe. Ngaqala uzibheke amahhashi, ompunga isudi, kodwa kukhona asitholanga ihhashi lakhe. Lapha Morgunok wabona imi kocingo ngokunganaki abampofu: ingoma isiphetho futhi eziphethe isigqoko abahluphekile. Kokumuzwa Ivan Kuzmich, Nikita wangaphambili umakhelwane echotshozwa ngaphansi ngokwayo, bese kwaholela phambili. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, Bugrov wakwazi ukudukisa iqhawe - futhi futhi, hhayi isela noma ihhashi.

Izahluko 13-14. Ukuphila Islands

Ukudansela isiginci sakhe kwi inhlabaluhide yakhe Morgunok. Ungalindele, nangu ekubheka eyeka eceleni ugandaganda, futhi umshayeli abasha inikeza ukudonsela inqola epulazini ngokuhlanganyela. Ngemva kokuzwa indaba Nikita, umfana belulekwa ukuya esiqhingini, lapho ungase ukuthenga ihhashi. Ngemva kokwethula phezu kwenqola ekutholweni, hero waya esigodini esingumakhelwane, kancane ebonakalayo olwandle kakolweni.

Kolkhoz ubengekho lapha, wonke umuntu waphila yena. Into yokuqala sabona isihambi - monakalo ephelele. maqhugwane Dabukisa, ezicijile asewile, ngihlezi abantu - uchaza Islands Twardowski.

"Izwe izintuthwane" (isifinyezo sezinto inkondlo ufunda) ukuqhubeka nengxoxo noyisemkhulu, silwenza amapayipi. Wayehola izivakashi ebaleni lakho futhi abe ihhashi mafutha - esimpunga, uyimpumputhe ngenxa yokuguga. "Yebo, abantu baphila kanjani lapha," - uthi Morgunok, bese kwenza esiphethweni esibuhlungu sokuthi akunakwenzeka ngakho. Nge ukufutheka watshela umngane omusha we umngane othembekile - ihhashi intshontshiwe. Abafundi poohali ke kwaletha ingoma wezwa kumkhulu wakhe edlule, hero amabili nanhlanu.

Izahluko 15-17. Leli pulazi elingu

Ngemva kokushiya inqola, Nikita ithole ukukhuluma. Ubumnandi wathatha lo msebenzi: kokubili okusanhlamvu utshani kwaba kushaft. Ngasondela kuye ukuze asize lo muntu, owayeneminyaka usihlalo. Inhloko ipulazi collective wanquma ukubonisa isivakashi ifa. Morgunka kusimangaze isici izinga nobukhali lonke. Uqedile sina, noma kunalokho, kuze kube phakade - wathi Andrey Ilich.

Bese usihlalo watshela Endabeni yakhe yokuphila, okuyinto lihlelwe enkondlweni "Izwe Labantu izintuthwane." Ukuhlaziya imibukiso yayo abantu ejwayelekile, emelela umbuso wamaSoviet. Njengoba ayezalelwe emkhayeni ompofu nezingane eziningi, khona wonke amadoda ziqinile njengoba ukukhethwa. I Civic wathola amanxeba ayisithupha, kepha wasinda. Wabe nengxenye ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba, ukuze aye wathola izinsongo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma lendawo ocebile Grachev ebusuku unyendle emsusa emzaneni washaywa kabuhlungu. Andrey Ilich akakwazi ukukhasa endlini, kodwa ukholo udaba lwabo elahlekile. I washiyela futhi lwendabuko efanayo indodana - ukuze uyikhonze ngokwethembeka izwe Soviet.

Umlindi ebusuku waqala Morgunkom inkulumo lendawo ngosizi isihambi. Ibuyele endaweni ethile umuntu omdala aphume ipulazi kwabo bebonke, iya ku olungcwele oluya, noma umfana njalo uya beyofuna umsebenzi, noma bebuya isiteshi umcabango yokuziphindiselela eyaziwa UStepan Grachev ... It wenabisa imingcele netindzaba leticocwako A. Twardowski. "Izwe izintuthwane" (ukuhlaziya inkondlo kuholela umcabango) iba indaba isiphetho ongumlimi Russian e emva kwempi neminyaka enzima.

Izahluko 18-19. Ukubuya ihhashi ngabodwa

Futhi ekuseni epulazini ukugubha wedding: sikazwelonke, ngendlela enkulu. Heard lapha Morgunok inkhulumo impilo entsha. Futhi kungazelelwe phakathi ihhashi kumnandi wabonakala ngesikhathi udonga, amaqembu, futhi lona wesifazane ethi ngasese umyeni wakhe mayelana nokufika umpristi, ukulungele ukushada abasha. ngokushesha Nikita sayizwa waqonda, mina wagxuma, futhi kamuva umzuzu hung entanyeni zakhe ezimpunga.

Futhi lapha baphinda endleleni. Nikita wacabanga: eziningi ziye zakubona phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kodwa lapho yilona lizwe ukuthi kuchazwe kumkhulu wakhe? Nale mbuzo waphendukela ixhegu owayehlezi esiqwini sesihlahla. Wacabanga, bese wathi amazwe kusaba Muravskaya. Futhi mina obekulahlekile, igcwele utshani. Ngesinye umkhawulo kuya komunye: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wabheka - kuphela kwesokunxele indlela. Esikhathini ipulazi ngokuhlanganyela. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka le nkondlo "Izwe Labantu izintuthwane."

Analysis umkhiqizo umqondo

Morgunok uqobo ukwakha inkondlo ngezindlela eziningi okusikhumbuza "Ngubani Uhlala kahle eRussia" Nekrasov. Lona omunye umzamo ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, njalo ukhathazekile abalimi, mayelana lapho isabelo engcono kwamanga.

I protagonist - isithombe lilonke indoda, njalo baphila emhlabeni, futhi ukwenza ngaphandle emnothweni. Kungazelelwe wazithola ezweni lapho amasiko ezibhujisiwe sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona. nowokuncoma imvelo namasimu eared, injabulo umsebenzi Kolkhoz wamanje (ukulangazelela) ukukhombisa uthando olukhulu bomdabu umhlaba-nomzanyana wakhe.

Isithombe wehhashi ufanekisela le nkondlo "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane", okuqukethwe okuyinto kuhlobene ukweba yayo nokusesha ngokungakhathali. Wayehlale kuwumgogodla umlinyana, ingcebo yakhe enkulu. Yingakho kwakunzima nge oda entsha ukuthatha izinkomo epulazini, lapho ukunakekelwa wakhe wayengekho ezanele. Futhi nakuba ezahlukweni zokugcina Morgunok ajabulela ngalokho akubona epulazini futhi ngisho ukucabanga ngokujoyina kuwo, kuyacaca ukuthi collectivization yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuleyo ndawo, ngoba abalimi bayizingcweti ayisekho bezwe. Futhi hhayi nje "isibhakela" wayenzele "ingcebo" zabo besebenzisa umsebenzi kwabanye.

Lezi akuzona funny kakhulu umqondo iyona inkondlo "Izwe Labantu Izintuthwane" A. Twardowski.