Intathelizindaba nomlobi Tom Vulf: Biography, nobuciko kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Kubantu, zikude izincwadi, kungase kuphakame umbuzo: Ngubani Tom Woolf?. Kodwa Sekuyisikhathi eside abafundi eziphambili kwaba kahle temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba experimenter kanye journalism, sibonga amanoveli zakhe zikhanga futhi izincwadi lengemaciniso. Njengoba omunye uthola indlela umbhali?

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Tom Vulf wazalwa ngo-March 2, 1931 ku Richmond, Virginia. Uyise umbhali esizayo uchwepheshe emkhakheni wezolimo. Wayehola ucwaningo, ngokubhala izihloko zesayensi kanye komagazini. Umama wami wayengu-ubudokotela. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, walishiya esikoleni.

KaTom enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni ngempela ejwayelekile ye-United States: esikoleni, ezemidlalo asebenzayo. Ngaphandle ngifunda umfana ezingaphezu kuka ontanga yakhe. Lokho ebuntwaneni uzimisele ngumsebenzi - wayefuna ukuba umlobi kuphela. Kakade eminyakeni 9 wenza umzamo wokuqala ukubhala Biography of Napoleon. Khona-ke ukudala incwadi ngemifanekiso yabo yokuphila Mozart. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda ngesikhathi Episcopal School. St Christopher, waba ngumhleli ephephandabeni lendawo. Ngisho eminyakeni esanda kweva eminyakeni waqala ukudlala ibhola lezinyawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfana iyokhula-semi League.

kumiswa

Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, Tom Wolfe iya Washington futhi Lee University ku Lexington. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe wayesebenza edition Shenandoah magazini. Ngemva kokuphothula inyuvesi, Wolfe uyafundelwa baseYale University, lapho amukelwa khona iziqu zobudokotela e "Izifundo American". Isihloko ocwaningeni bakhe - "Abashisekeli Communist phakathi abalobi American ngo-1927 iminyaka engu-42." Kwakuwuhambo polemical ngisho yingozi. Futhi wabonisa indlela Wolfe isilungele mkhakha lesibonwa. Ngemva ukulivikela wenza iziphakamiso eziningana ukuze uqhubeke umsebenzi zezemfundo, kodwa wakhumbula iphupho lakhe. imfundo yakhe kwaba elilodwa kuphela isinyathelo oyisibopho endleleni eya endaweni yakho. Yena wayefuna njalo ukuhlala intatheli futhi baba kubo.

Izinyathelo zokuqala yintatheli

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kuqala journalism professional, Tom Wolfe owenza eminyakeni yakhe umfundi. Ngo-1956, useqalile ukusebenza ephephandabeni Republican. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uyasamukela isiphakamiso ovela iphephandaba e isimo Massachusetts - Springfield Union, lapho ayesebenza khona iminyaka emithathu. Ngemva kwalokho, wabizwa ku "i-Washington Post." Khona-ke wenza impumelelo sokuqala esibalulekile. Kuleli phephandaba, wabhala 315 izinto, okuyinto ayalolongwa futhi kwakhiwa kamuva "Baroque" isitayela wakhe odumile lokubhala.

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho eqala uzizamele ulimi kanye feed izinto. Indlela yakhe entsha yayakhiwe Ukungqubuzana bahlukene. Ukuze ekuhlaziyeni izenzakalo wamavukelambuso eCuba Wolfe waklonyeliswa Guild of Cindezela Publishers. Osebenza nabo liphawuleka umuzwa wakhe amahlaya e izinto ngokubhala, kanye ukuhlola yimpumelelo ne iinthombe amasu eqanjiwe ematheksthini lesibonwa. Umbhali womlando Wolfe sika, Dzheyms Rouzen, echazwe isitayela sakhe - "umnqamulajuqu journalism", egcwele izinkulumo kanye okuhlabayo ukuphawula komphakathi. Lezizibonakaliso ukujwayelana brand umlobeli.

Life e-New York

Ngo-1962, uTom Vulf kuhanjiswe ku-New York ngokumenywa iphephandaba iNew York International Herald Tribune. Lapha ligxile Amathrendi main emphakathini. Man ukuhlola ngentshiseko "ukuphila isitayela 'yomphakathi American, bekholelwa ukuthi lalilapho ngokusebenzisa ukuqonda kwabo futhi ukungena emlandweni futhi zonke izimbangela izenzakalo zanamuhla. Ngokushesha socwaningo umsebenzi uqala intatheli yacishe kuphazamisekile isiteleka se eside abasebenzi iphephandaba. Kodwa umhleli oyinhloko we umagazini Esquire - Byron Doubell - yathola indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo. Wathumela Tom ukwenza uchungechunge lwezihloko mayelana nesiko izimoto ophoqelelwe waseCalifornia. Ngakho, bheka, nanko uvele ethengwa kakhulu Wolf ezamenza abadumile.

"Journalism okusha"

Kulesi sihloko, sizama ukuqonda ukuthi yini Tom Vulf. Biography, izincwadi, ukubuyekezwa, izingcaphuno tematheksthi ukusiza ababukeli ukuthola lo muntu ezithakazelisayo. izitatimende wakhe amagama kweqiniso krydatymi. Bona ukungena inkulumo abasha baseMelika njengoba nokukhangisa iziqubulo. Wolfe yena ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi oyinhloko magazini Esquire umhleli, kwaba umxhwele waze wabhala uchungechunge imibiko esikhundleni ngaphambilini incwadi. Ukungazi ukuthi yini okwakufanele ukwenzani umbhalo voluminous ezinjalo, nje emthumela Byron Doubellu. Noma ukufunda indaba, ngabona ukuthi kungaba elibi lokuhlambalaza lento ibe umbhalo owasetshenziswa lesibonwa. Futhi kwenza kuye uchungechunge izindaba ze-copyright ukuthi ezibekwe amakamelo amaningana umagazini wakhe. Ezinye izinto yanyatheliswa kuyi "New York megazine" nezinye namajenali eziningana.

Kamuva, le mibhalo ngokugcwele ngaphandle ngesimo incwadi ngesihloko obumangalisayo: ". Le Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-izinhlayiya zeqhwa Lula Baby" Le ncwadi kwaba sikakhokho of uhlobo olusha izincwadi, okuyinto abacwaningi ngokuthi "journalism omusha". Kwakuthinta eqoqwe imidwebo izincazelo imikhuba zokuphila kwanamuhla American. namaqhawe wakhe yiwona ngangezinkanyezi show ibhizinisi, ezemidlalo, imfashini umkhakha, kanye abayizinjinga, ayebandlululwa hippie nama amapunk. Lokhu locezu social ukuvumela izintatheli ukubona impilo yezwe ngekwehlukahlukana kwalo futhi aliziphikisi. Ukuze inyanga incwadi wagijima 4 edition overprint - impumelelo yayo kwaba wokugaklazeka ngakho. Kwakuyisikhathi Umhlahlandlela wangempela Melika yesimanje. Tom Vulf wathola indlela yakhe, futhi indlela yakhe ka-journalism. Bese kakade wathutha kulesi siqondiso. Ngo-1973, Wolfe nozakwabo inyathelisa Manifesto of "journalism omusha", okuyinto libeke Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo yezindaba yesimanje.

ifa etemibhalo

Tom Wolfe, Biography iDemo okungase kuchazwe amagama amabili - "nesazi umlobeli ngoba" njalo wafuna ukudala hhayi nje ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo lesibonwa, okungukuthi imisebenzi yobuciko kanye documentary. I atholakala nakwamanye amazwe ngendlela yakhe eyingqayizivele, wabhala ngaye encwadini edume kakhulu mayelana inkathi yamanje: ". The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" Yasungulelwa ukufunda nencazelo lo mkhuba umbhali lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa Ken Kesey. Kodwa ekugcineni, yaphenduka ekuhlaziyweni elingavamile isiko owayephila futhi umphakathi American. Ukuze ukuqoqa izincwadi ezidingekayo, le ntatheli wachitha yonke ngenyanga zindlani ka "Pranksters Merry" ababenomkhuba wokwenza "ukunwetshwa ukwazi" nge izidakamizwa psychotropic. Waqoqa ukuhlanganisa indaba eningi eyengeziwe ngesimo izithombe, izingxoxo, alalelwayo nabukelwayo. Ngo-1968, incwadi yanyatheliswa. Washeshe waba uhlu kakhulu umthengisi. Kamuva, i-Institute of Journalism eNew York University, wethula incwadi ohlwini "eziyikhulu imisebenzi engcono US journalism for 20 leminyaka."

Zonke neminyaka umlobeli yayo, indoda njalo ngasese ngiphuphe ubhala inoveli. Futhi ngo-1987, emhlabeni bafunde ngokulawulwa entsha Tom Wolfe - umbhali. Wamkhulula noveli "The Bonfire we Vanities" Sitshela ukuphila New York kweqiniso. Le ncwadi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi best of intatheli nomlobi ngegama Tom Vulf. umbhali wencwadi ethi, okwabhalwa kamuva, wakuphindaphinda impumelelo inoveli yakhe yokuqala, ngisho ukudlula, kodwa lo mphumela kabasebabili kukhiqizwa. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe kunalokho eside, Tom Vulf wabhala amanoveli amane, izincwadi eziyisikhombisa sebesebenzisa izincwadi zokuzisiza namaqoqo ezinhlanu Tindzaba. Futhi namhlanje, naphezu ngeminyaka, umbhali uyaqhubeka ukusebenza phezu imidwebo lesine. Futhi, cishe, maduze ukwandisa lwezincwadi zalo.

udumisa

Iminyaka yakhe eminingi yomsebenzi Woolf ngokuphindaphindiwe wathola imiklomelo ehlukahlukene. Esikhwameni sakhe - Medal of National Book Foundation, bahlanganyela ehlonishwayo Jefferson emakilasini amaningi imiklomelo. Kubandakanya umklomelo we Guild Labamemezeli Umklomelo we-National Institute Wezobuciko Namasiko, Don Passos Prize futhi "Ambassador".

Tom Vulf kanye cinema

Umbhali wencwadi zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba Hollywood awuzibe ukuba uyinake. Yonke imisebenzi emithathu bafakwa kwesikrini: indzabambhalo "The Last American Hero" (1973) hlobo "Right Stuff" (1983). Le noveli "The Bonfire we Vanities" futhi walindela esebeyinyama esikrinini - ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu wathatha odumile ifilimu umqondisi Brian De Palma. Kudlala ku-movie eyadlalwa izinkanyezi ezifana Tom Hanks, Melanie Griffith futhi Bryus Uillis. Amaskriphthi zonke opholile ukuba yalotshwa Wolfe. Manje imidwebo emibili ngaphezulu esekelwe imisebenzi Tom ayifake ukukhiqizwa.

ukuphila Siqu

Intathelizindaba, ogama imisebenzi zihlale emehlweni, abanye bezama ukufihla imininingwane yokuphila kwakhe siqu. Nokho, ukuthi ngo-1978 washada umqondisi ubuciko umagazini edumile Harper sika Magazine Sheila Berger yaziwa. Lo mbhangqwana othile wayenabantwana ababili. Namuhla, i-Wolfe ambalwa uyaqhubeka ukuphila e-New York. Unkosikazi Bengazi ukuthi umyeni wakhe edinga ukunakekelwa nokusekelwa. Kuye kwaba ezingemuva okunokwethenjelwa yakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo of biography

Umlobi Tom Wolfe kusukela ebusheni bakhe kuqhubeke yabakhanga izenzo eziningana ome njengeqanda. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe lesibonwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi uvele zomphakathi isudu emhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba lokuhweba lakhe langempela. Akufani nje bagxekwa neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela "weba" reception kusukela Mark Twain, kodwa nje iyakumhleka. By the way, Tom Wolfe ngokuthi umlobi odumile kakhulu US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liphakathi abalobi eziyishumi kakhulu ikhokhwe of America.