Kharyaga. Amafutha ensimini Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy

Amafutha Kharyaginskoye idiphozi Itholakala Nenets Autonomous lesiFunda eduze nomzana kwegama elifanayo eseningizimu yomfula Khariyaga Bolshezemelskaya nezimfunda. Le ndawo ingamakhilomitha angu-60 ukusuka e-Arctic Circle libhekisela Timan-Pechora sifundazwe nsiza. Ukuhlola Geological e Kharyaga kusukela ngo-1977. Imithombo kawoyela emkhakheni kulinganiselwa ngaso engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-160. Igama Khariyaga - Nenets. Leli gama endaweni ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi 'uhambahamba umfula ".

Izici ensimini

Ngaphezu Kharyaginskoye, athuthukiswe futhi East Kharyaginskoye, North Kharyaginskoye, kanye Ephakathi-Kharyaga. Zitholakale eSoviet Union. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa insiza-esijwayelekile Kharyaga esetshenziswa Ochwepheshe iminyaka engu-30.

endaweni izimbuku kakhulu kanye inethiwekhi aminyene zemifula yamafutha yafuna izixazululo zobuchwepheshe okungavamile ukukhishwa ezindaweni yezimayini. Kharyaga - multi-embhedeni, it siqukethe 27 imali. Awu ukubhola kanye zokuthutha izinsiza nzima yokuthi amafutha wendawo iqukethe emakamu eliphezulu emakhilayoni, ngenxa ngalo osemanzi ezingeni lokushisa kuphela + 29 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zokuma komhlaba Soviet bethole ezisongela ukuphila hydrogen sulfide igesi ezihlobene imikhakha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izisebenzi zale mboni ililalela ngokucophelela izindlela zokuphepha, abaningi ngisho ejwayelekile uwoyela umkhakha amazinga.

Isimo sezulu kanye yemvelo

Kutholwe ezingxenyeni ezikude zenyakatho Nenetskii esifundeni ezizimele iyona lokushisa yonyaka isilinganiso mayelana - 5 ° C. Iqhwa esifundeni ukufinyelela 350 amamitha ukujula. Ngenxa yalokhu Kharyaga isilungele kuqale ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile - iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Imayini waqala ngo-1986. Yayisekelwe futhi kusekelwe isikimu zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa Devonian.

amachibi zasendaweni yayincane. Ziyakwazi at umsuka ukusakaza encane nemifula. I of the amachibi ukujula 10 - 15 amamitha. Akhiwe emathafeni Kharyaginskoye ensimini kuyahluka liyana futhi epholile ehlobo iDemo. ebusika yakhe ende esivamile ngokuba esipholile sezulu yezwekazi emngceleni we Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy kanye Komi Republic.

Amafutha kanye uwoyela

uwoyela Ikhishwa Kharyaga lunesibalo ka mayelana 0.7 g / cm ^3. It is misela ezizindeni ezimbalwa zokusebenza. Izimpawu amafutha ngamunye wabo zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe igesi into tekusebenta VI kakhulu leliphasi kunaleyo ngesikhathi tekusebenta luhlobo I. Ngokusho kwabantu futhi mass izinyo lomhlathi lamafutha Kharyaga libhekisela evamile. Yamanje ukukhiqizwa Izinga - 1.5 million amathani ngonyaka.

Amafutha Kharyaginskoye ensimini, esigabeni Geological zazo yiphethini ezivamile esifundeni yayo ithuthukiswe ngezigaba. "Igolide Black" athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuphelele. It is zithutha ku isimo isiqu amapayipi. Umzila obuphelele - 2600 km. Endpoint indlela - port Baltic ka Primorsk eduze Petersburg.

nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda

Isigaba sokuqala ukukhiqiza emkhakheni ngokuthi "isigaba ukukhiqizwa eziphambili". Uwoyela akhishwa ingxenye eyinhloko "Kharyaga", lapho kokuqala emithonjeni ezintathu afakelwe. Isigaba sesibili saqala ngo-2000. Litjho ukwanda umkhiqizo kawoyela kanye umjovo wamanzi isiqalo. Izinkomba kukhawulwe nomthamo iphayiphi esemqoka kanye anenombolo enganele imithombo. Bafika sibalo ayizinkulungwane 20 imiphongolo kawoyela ngosuku.

Ngo-2007, ekuqaleni olandelayo, esigabeni sesithathu yentuthuko. Injongo yalo kwaba ukuthuthukisa izinqolobane ezengeziwe nokukhuphula ukukhiqizwa isikali obuyizinkulungwane 30 imiphongolo ngelanga. It yadalwa ngokufaka nokulungiselela kanye Ukukhethwa igesi, okuholela ekunqanyulweni amandla omlilo ngokweqile impahla eluhlaza. Yaqala Drilling imithombo emisha (inani 21). 12 babo - izimayini, futhi 9 zenzelwe umjovo. Kuqalwe ukwakhiwa ehlathini ezengeziwe (East naseNyakatho).

abanikazi

Inkambu lithuthukiswa ngaphansi PSA - Ukukhiqizwa Ukwabelana Sivumelwano, ukusungula ubambisane lapho izinkampani ambalwa. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we esayinwe eMoscow ngo-December 20, 1995. Khona-ke amaqembu isivumelwano eyenziwe yinkampani French "Ubude Exploration neNtuthuko of Russia" kanye Russian Federation, ogama izithakazelo Zimelela Federal Government kanye Administration Nenets Autonomous District.

Ngo-1990-yalolucwaningo. PSA kwakuwuhlobo oluthile ezintsha futhi ezingajwayelekile zomthetho ukuze kumnotho wasekhaya. Isivumelwano ubeka ukuthi isimo lizokubuyisela izindleko of zimali angaphandle ekudalweni nokuthuthukiswa yensimu ingqalasizinda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphathimandla esikhokhelwayo, wathatha indlela abasebukhosini - intela ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo.

Isivumelwano ne ubuqiniso iminyaka engu-20 Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1999. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wangena kubatshali bezimali abasha ezifuywayo angaphandle Kharyaginskoye PSA. Yibona "Norsk-Hydro" (Norway), maduze ukushintsha igama layo "Statoil", kanye NOC - ". Nenets Oil Company" "Zarubezhneft" usejoyine ngo-2010 kuphrojekthi. Wathenga le "Statoil" futhi "Ubude" I-10% wamasheya.

I-opharetha entsha

Ngo Kharyaga kugcwele eziningana olusemthethweni. Izinguquko zakamuva impahla izinguquko eziye zenzeka ekuqaleni 2016. Inkampani French "Ubude" ngesheya 20% "Zarubezhneft". Umthengi isibe opharetha main yasendle. Isivumelwane zaba cishe u- $ 100 million.

I Initiator of ukudayiswa kwaba "Ubude", okuyinto langena kwiphrojekthi 1995. I kwathengwa okuthile isizinda isifiso Ministry of the Russian Federation ukwandisa inzuzo imali energy ngokusebenzisa ukuzibandakanya okukhulu "Zarubezhneft" e abaphathi bayo. Inkampani French banquma ukuzihlela kabusha izinto into utshalomali ngenxa yokuthi Yamal ngoba kubonakala sengathi esifundeni kakhulu ethembisa ezingaphezu kuka Kharyaga. "Ubude" wenzé umsebenzi, njengoba lomthengi share yayo, "Zarubezhneft", kahle kanjani ukwakha izimboni owakha Nenets Autonomous District.

Izigigaba ezisanda kwenzeka

Ngokucacile ukuze ube opharetha, inkampani Russian umise osizayo. Zaba Inkampani "Zarubezhneft Khariyaga-ukukhiqizwa." Le nkampani ebhaliswe Septhemba 28, 2015. Ngobusuku obandulela isakhiwo okwenziwayo wawusasebenza opharetha we-French "Ubude" wahlolwa ngokucophelela ezeluleka Boston Consulting Group. I eyanikezwa ke, "Zarubezhneft", utshelwa inkampani ukwandisa abasebenzi bayo. Emsebenzini, abasebenzi abaningi "Ubude" yayiswa opharetha entsha.

Ibanga Usinsk - Kharyaginskoye inkambu 164 amakhilomitha. Lo mzila ibaluleke kakhulu embonini kawoyela, njengoba eya isikhungo lesifunda ku Komi Republic - indlela elula kakhulu ukuhamba ezweni emphakathini. Yiba opharetha, "Zarubezhneft" wathatha phezu inkampani nokwenza ukuthi eye yamsiza ukuba ulondoloze imali enkulu (ruble ayizigidi ezingu-250) futhi uyithumele ukuhambisana nezibopho nomphakathi ukuze izisebenzi zayo. Ngokuvamile, inkampani ephethwe hhayi kuphela ngempumelelo zamukele French ovikelekile yokukhiqiza inqubo, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa izinkomba izinga "Ubude".

amathemba

Ehlobo lika-2016 i-opharetha ezintsha zamukela yaqala isimiso sokwakha dolobha, kubalwa ukuthi ngenkathi esukela ku-2017 kuya ku-2019. Ngokusho kwakhe, "Zarubezhneft" utakwakha imithombo emisha kanye wasungula zonke sidle izinto NZS. Inkampani anquma ukuba sisuke kuleli yisikhathi udizili generator enikeziwe idiphozi ugesi (ukuba indawo yesimanje inethiwekhi intando amandla). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzonciphisa izindleko esingeziwe opharetha futhi enze umkhiqizo othe xaxa.

Ukwakhiwa izindawo igesi kokucindezelwa uzobe granulated isibabule ukuze bavuselele iningi igesi. Ngo-2018 izisebenzi ezintsha zokuhlala shift ayovulelwa nezakhiwo ezintathu zokuhlala, ukuhwebelana oxhumene efudumele. Comfort zokulala namafutha ngeke ihlangabezane nezimiso yesimanje.