Cathodic Ukuvikelwa: isicelo namazinga

Corrosion - yokusabela wamakhemikhali nezibulala-electrochemical metal ne imvelo, umonakalo. Ngulona logeleta ngesivinini ezahlukene, okuyinto zingancishiswa. Kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono othakazelisayo anti-ukugqwala Ukuvikelwa cathodic metal izakhiwo nabo phansi, amanzi kanye nabezindaba. Ikakhulukazi ezilimele Ingaphandle ipayipi ebusweni emiphumeleni kwenhlabathi phansi imisinga.

ukugqwala Ngaphakathi incike izakhiwo medium. Uma igesi, kumele kahle bahlanza kusuka umswakama kanye izinto ezonakalisayo, hydrogen sulfide ne-oksijini kanye nabanye.

Umgomo we operation

Izinto we electrochemical ukugqwala nqubo metal nendawo kanti therebetween esibonakalayo. ULwesithathu, okujwayeleke inhlabathi noma amanzi olumanzi, has conductivity ezinhle kagesi. Ngesikhathi esibonakalayo phakathi kwaso isakhiwo metal ukuthi bayavuma electrochemical kwenzeka. Uma zamanje omuhle (i-electrode anode), kuma-athomu okusansimbi seningene ngaphakathi isixazululo ezizungezile, okuholela ekulahlekeni mass metal. Ukusabela kubangela ukugqwala. Nge wamanje omubi (i-electrode cathode) babe lokhu kulahlekelwa, kusukela electron seningene ngaphakathi isixazululo. Indlela isetshenziswa Electroplating sokusebenzisa ezinengilazi ukuba steel ngezinto ayoni.

Cathodic ukugqwala zokuvimbela Kwenziwa uma into ihlinzekwa kusukela engemihle yensimbi.

Ngenxa yale njongo, ibekwe phansi kanye electrode anode uxhumeke nalokho omuhle bevela umthombo wamandla. Ngaphansi ihlinzekwa ukuba into evikelwe. Cathodic Ukuvikelwa anode kuholela nokucekelwa asebenzayo kusuka ukugqwala we electrode anode kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele esikhundleni njalo.

Umthelela ongemuhle ukugqwala kukagesi

ukwakha ukugqwala singenzeka kusukela isenzo imisinga ehlangeni engena kusuka kumasistimu. Ayasiza Okuqondiwe kodwa ezibangela umonakalo elisemqoka kuya izakhiwo eduze zishiyane. imisinga ehlangeni kungenziwa basakaza ngesitimela gesi ezokuthutha. Bathandana nalo babuye bathandane bubheke substation sashayisa amapayipi. Lapho okukhipha zazo kwakheka anodic izindawo, okubangela ukugqwala okukhulu. Ukuvikela isicelo amanzi kagesi - ukuhoxiswa ekhethekile wamanje kusuka iphayiphi emthonjeni. Kungenzeka futhi nokuvikelwa cathodic of amapayipi ngokumelene ukugqwala. Ngenxa yalesi kubalulekile ukwazi ubukhulu imisinga ehlangeni, okuyinto kukalwa amadivayisi ezikhethekile.

Ngokusho imiphumela izilinganiso kagesi ekhethiwe indlela ukuvikelwa iphayiphi. izindlela Universal kuyindlela lesilinganiselwa ipayipi ukwahlukanisa kusukela contact phansi ngokusebenzisa ezinengilazi nangokuvikela. Ukuvikelwa Cathodic ka iphayiphi iphathelene indlela esebenzayo.

ukuvikelwa amapayipi

Design emhlabathini ukuze azivikele ukugqwala, uma ukuxhuma kubo lokususa umthombo njalo samanje, futhi plus - kuya electrode anode, yokungcwaba emhlabathini esilandelayo. Yamanje ageleza eya isakhiwo, ukuvikela it kusuka ukugqwala. ekhiqizwa Ngakho Ukuvikelwa cathodic of amapayipi, amathangi noma amapayipi elise phansi.

I electrode anodic ngeke aze kumele ngezikhathi indawo. Ukuze ithangi egcwele amanzi, le electrode ibekwe ngaphakathi. Lolu ketshezi kuyinto electrolyte lapho wamanje ogeleza usuka anodes kwamanzi esitsheni. I electrode elawulwa kahle, futhi kulula esikhundleni. Umhlabathi wakhona nzima ukwenza.

ugesi

Eduze uwoyela negesi amapayipi, Ukushisa kanye namanzi amanethiwekhi, edinga isivikelo cathodic, ukusungula iziteshi kusuka lapho voltage lisetshenzisiwe izinto. Uma ubekwe endaweni evulekile, degree of ukuvikelwa kufanele okungenani IP34. Ukuze amakamelo ezomile kungahlobani nanoma yimaphi.

Zokusebenzela yokuvikela cathodic of amapayipi kanye nezinye izikhungo ezinkulu nomthamo 1 kuya ku-10 kW.

amandla abo imingcele ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke ekutheni lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukumelana phakathi kwenhlabathi kanye anode;
• conductivity emhlabathini;
• ubude indawo yokuphepha;
• lokunameka umphumela nangokuvikela.

Ngokwesiko, transducer kuyinto cathodic ukufakwa Ukuvikelwa transformer. Manje esikhundleni wuhlelo inverter, nge usayizi ezincane yayo, ukuzinza kangcono futhi mkhulu ngamandla kahle. Ezindaweni ebaluleke setha abalawuli kokuba komgomo womthetho okhona kanye voltage imisebenzi, ukuqondanisa nezinye nekhono zokuzivikela.

Isisetshenziswa wethulwa emakethe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuze nezidingo ezihlukile isicelo ngokwezifiso design, ekwenzeni okungcono izimo zokusebenza.

Amapharamitha umthombo zamanje

Ekuvikeleni ukugqwala sensimbi ezingaba okuvikela 0,44 V Ekusebenteni ke kufanele ibe nkulu ngenxa ithonya inclusions futhi isimo kobuso metal. Inani esiphezulu kuyinto 1 V phambi metal ezinengilazi ku zamanje phakathi electrode 0.05 ma / m ^2. Uma sinqamukile ukwahlukanisa, it kwandisa-10 ma / m ^2.

Ukuvikelwa Cathodic siyasebenza lihambisana nezinye izindlela, ngoba amandla kancane yokuqothulwa. Uma isakhiwo ebusweni has a enamathela lacquer, electrochemically evikelwe indawo kuphela lapho i-.

Izici yokuvikela cathodic

1. imithombo yamandla kukhona esiteshini noma ugesi ephathekayo.
2. imibhede Indawo anode incike imininingwane amapayipi. Umgudu ilungiselelo kungenzeka basakaza noma bagxila, futhi yamiswa ekujuleni ezahlukene.
3. Anode nto ekhethiwe solubility aphansi, wasutha iminyaka engu-15.
4. ensimini Abazama zokuzivikela ibalwa for iphayiphi ngalinye. Akafuni ezilungisiwe, uma izakhiwo Awekho enamathela zokuzivikela.

izidingo Standard "Gazprom" ngoba Cathodic Ukuvikelwa

• Isenzo phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila Ukuvikelwa.
• Ukuvikeleka overvoltage ozungeze umhlaba wethu.
• Ufaka iziteshi e block-amabhokisi noma ezimele ocekela phansi nemithi.
• Anodic isisekelo abakhethiwe ezindaweni ukumelana ubuncane kagesi inhlabathi.
• transducer izici ezikhethiwe esekelwe ukuguga umgwengwezi zokuzivikela iphayiphi.

Ukuvikelwa womhlatshelo

Indlela uhlobo ukuvikelwa cathodic nge uxhumano electrode we metal electronegative ngaphezulu noma ngomuntu osebenzelana conductive. Umehluko itholakala ukungabi khona umthombo energy. Nyathela ukugqwala livele ngokwayo, Ukuqedwa endaweni conductive.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva lo anode kufanele zithathelwe indawo ezinye, ngoba kuveza.

Umthelela anode kwandisa ne ukwehla iyaguquka yakhe ukumelana imvelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kube camera nge ungqimba ukugqwala. Lokhu kuphumela abampofu contact kagesi. Lapho ibekwe ku ingxube anode nosawoti ukuhlinzeka nokonakala imikhiqizo ukugqwala, ukusebenza kahle kuyathuthuka.

Effect yimpandla kungagcini. Ububanzi kunqunywa ukumelana kagesi medium kanye nomehluko ezingaba phakathi anode futhi cathode.

Ukuvikelwa womhlatshelo ngokungabi bikho osetshenziswayo umthombo wamandla, noma lapho ukusetshenziswa kwabo akuyona kwezomnotho ingenzeka. Libuye disadvantageous lapho lusetshenziswa ezindaweni esidi ngenxa izinga eliphezulu kokuphela anodes. Abavikeli aboshelwe amanzi emhlabathini noma konemimoya hlangothi. I anodes ngezinto okumsulwa musa evamile ukwenza. zinc nokonakala kwenzeka Ukuboshelwa, magnesium adle ngokushesha, kanye ne-aluminium oxides akha ifilimu okuqinile.

izinto zizivikele

Ukuze onyathela babe edingekayo ukusebenza izici, zenziwa kusukela Alloys we dopants elandelayo.

• Zn + 0,025-0,15% zamaKhono + 0,1-0,5% Al - ukuvikelwa imishini emanzini asolwandle.
• Al + 8% Zn + 5% MG + Cd, in, Gl, HG, TL, MN, Si (ingxenyenamba iphesenti) - ekusebenzeni buildings egeleza amanzi asolwandle.
• Mg + 5-7% Al + 2-5% Zn - ukuvikelwa izakhiwo ezincane enhlabathini noma amanzi nge ongaphakeme usawoti okuhlushwa.

nokusebenzisa kabi onyathela ezithile kuholela imiphumela engemihle. Anodes eyenziwe magnesium kungabangela kwemifantu imishini ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa hydrogen embrittlement.

Nyathela ngokuhlanganyela Ukuvikelwa cathodic kusuka ukugqwala ezinengilazi ithuthukisa ekulenzeni libe namandla.

ukusatshalaliswa zokuzivikela zamanje kuyathuthuka futhi anodes obudingekayo ingasaphathwa. Omunye magnesium anode ivikela ibitume camera ipayipi ngesikhathi ubude 8 km uncoated - kuphela 30 m.

Ukuvikelwa Corrosion zemizimba imoto

Lapho kungenzeka enamathela ukujiya ukuhlukumeza umzimba imoto encishisiwe eminyakeni 5 kuya ku-1 mm, t. E. Through ukugqwala. Ukubuyiselwa ungqimba zokuzivikela kubalulekile, kodwa ngaphezu it has a indlela ukuqedela ukumisa inqubo ukugqwala esebenzisa cathodic Ukuvikelwa kukagesi. Uma uvula umzimba ibe metal cathode ukugqwala liyaphela. Anodes kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi indawo conductive, eseduze: ipuleti metal, isifunda isisekelo izindlu igalaji, komzila womgwaqo ezimanzi. Kulokhu, ukuphumelela Ukuvikelwa kwandisa ne endaweni anode. Uma anode kuyinto komzila womgwaqo, ukubathinta sebenzisa "umsila" ka irabha metallized. It ibekwe phambi amasondo, bawe kangcono spray. 'Umsila "isehlane kusuka emzimbeni.

By anode ixhunyiwe nge ibhethri plus 1 kohm Resistor futhi ixhunywe ku uchungechunge nalo LED. Lapho ivaliwe wesifunda ngokusebenzisa anode lapho uxhumeke umzimba ongathandeki kwimodi ejwayelekile LED kukhanyisa ngokuphelelwa umoya. Uma bhá, kusho ukuthi short circuit ezenzeka esikhathini wesifunda. Imbangela kumele batholwe futhi iqedwe.

Ukuvikela ngokulandelana esikuziphathimandla udinga ukufaka fuse.

Lapho imoto egalaji anode yayo exhunywe kwi phansi. Phakathi ukunyakaza uxhumano senzeka ngokusebenzisa "umsila."

isiphetho

Ukuvikelwa Cathodic indlela okwandisa nokwethenjelwa zokusebenza amapayipi komhlaba nezinye izakhiwo. Kufanele ikhumbule umthelela walo omubi imigqa eduze ethonyeni imisinga ehlangeni.