Ukuxhumana: injongo, izinhlobo ukuxhumana. Izinzuzo Izibonelo, nebubi izinhlobo zezakhi

Imishini, imishini kanye zasendlini - zonke lezi izindlela kuhleliswa Ziningi imininingwane. izinga yabo uxhumano - isiqinisekiso nokwethenjelwa nokuphepha emsebenzini. Yiziphi izinhlobo ukuxhumana kukhona? ngezindlela zazo, emihle nemibi okuseduzane.

ngezigaba

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene compounds kungenzeka ngamaqembu amabili main. Elokuqala okuyinto isimiso isinyathelo:

• Mobile. Yekuchumana ungaveza ukunyakaza isihlobo komunye nomunye.
• Fixed. Zombili ingxenye kuthiwa isandla eqondiswa nomunye.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlobo ngezigaba odlule ngamunye kungenziwa ngezindlela ukuxhumana ezimbili:

• Plaka. Isetshenziselwa uma ufuna esikhundleni gqwa izingxenye, inhlangano disassembly mshini iyonke. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo compounds: screw (esebenzisa imishudo egijima), a igiya keyed nokunye.
• One-piece. compounds okunjalo kungaba zisuswe kuphela ngesenzo mechanical, lapho conjugate libhujiswa izingxenye. Yiziphi izinhlobo ukuxhumana? Phakathi kwabo, - Welding, gluing, riveting, flanging, crimping, i ukuphazamiseka kufanelekile, stapling, isibhakela, etc ...

Ngakho ake sihlolisise izinhlobo ezinkulu uxhumano imininingwane.

indlela yochungechunge

Emidala elide-ofakazelwe wokuba kokungathembeki. Izakhi alandelayo asetshenziselwa ke: amabhawodi, ngezikulufo, amabhawodi, turnbuckles, nabanye. Fixing Kwenziwa Ukuchusha futhi yasibamba wazalela isakhi. ziboya Kuvunguza ku induku e zobuchwepheshe imbobo ezingxenyeni ngokuthi ngentambo. Cabanga iziqobosho eziyisisekelo:

• Ibhawudo kukhona induku kochungechunge, komunye umkhawulo lapho ikhanda obandayo. umumo Its eziyisithupha, yisikwele, indilinga, nokunye. D.
• Intulo ihlukile umkhiqizo eyedlule sise Inhloko slot (slot) ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela. Uyena iheksagoni, oqondile, engu- nokunye. D. ngu uhlobo imikhiqizo ikhanda countersunk, cylindrical, ongaphambili omise, countersunk.
• Hairpin - induku threaded both qeda. Ngokungafani izinguqulo ezandulele ayinakho ikhanda.
• I stud obandayo kolunye has a slot.
• Nut - a nezibhebhe ngokusebenzisa imbobo noma ixhunyiwe kolunye.

Lezi washers kukhona metiz etholakalayo: flat, entwasahlobo, deformable. Lokhu nenkanuko edlulele sisetshenziswa yonke indawo.

keyed

Amakhi awashintsheki kuzingxenye kushaft adlulisa ukujikeleza futhi oscillation. Umklamo izakhi ingaba prismatic, nesigaxa, ingxenye, the tangential. umdlalo ezinjalo kwakha compounds ezilandelayo:

• Unstressed kusetshenziswa prismatic ingxenye okhiye. Lapho umhlangano akuyona prestressing.
• Voltage kuyinto tangential isihluthulelo Woodruff. Lapho lapha livela amaphaphu obandayo. Isetshenziselwa izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Toothed (slotted) kwakwakhe

Fixing kungenxa ophumile samazinyo shaft futhi ushona ngabo e ihabhu. Ubukhulu awashintsheki amazinga. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ezihambayo Ukukhweza umile.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu okuhlukile nenkanuko edlulele rigidity: ukukhanya, aphakathi nendawo, okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umahluko wukuthi inombolo bese ukuphakama amazinyo. Ihlala ku ezahlukene amayunithi 6-20. Ukuma amazinyo:

• malovostrebovany ongunxantathu. Isetshenziselwa imiphini encane umile futhi ne-torque engu ongaphakeme.
• Pryamobochnyh. Igxile ubuso lateral we ubukhulu kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle.
• Involute. Basuke esetshenziselwa imiphini emikhulu.

Ukuphi lezi zinhlobo? Administration zezakhi we plan - ukudluliswa torque. Isicelo ezaziwa - amathuluzi amandla.

Sesihlole okunamathiselwe releasable. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukufunda izinhlobo ezinkulu uxhumano unomphela.

zokushisela

Ziyini ekhethekile? Lezi zinhlobo compounds akhiwa ngokubeka amalahle kanye fusing kwezingxenye iphuzu okunamathiselwe ukwakha weld. Lokhu bamba ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana Welding. Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:

• Electric arc Welding. Kukhona subtypes ezintathu ezinkulu: okuzenzakalelayo kwamanzi arc Welding (libhekene umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu nekhwalithi, elisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni), lulwimi kwamanzi (esetshenziselwa iDemo ezivuzayo discontinuous), isandla (ukusebenza ongaphakeme isivinini, izinga kokuhlangenwe nakho UWelder kuncike ngqo).
• Ukumelana Welding. It isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni metal esihle enezicabha. Ugijimela umphetho baprofetha ngasikhathi sinye.

Omunye ongakhetha obandayo ethandwa kakhulu evezwa isithombe. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ukwakhiwa cottage.

nokunamathisela ngomthofu

Ngokungafani Welding ngesikhathi nokunamathisela ngomthofu ebusweni metal uyabaselwa lokushisa ukugelelza. It efeza indima solder ezibunjiwe, okuyinto has a aphansi ukuma. Le ndlela kokubonisa isetshenziselwa izinto ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa ukuvinjelwa igebe phakathi evele izingxenye.

izibopho ingcina

Ukuze uthole obandayo enjalo akudingi Ukushisa ezishelelayo. Ukuze uhlobo metal ngamunye abakhethiwe glue ukuthi kuzoqinisekisa alibambe. Ukuze imisebenzi enjalo, imininingwane uzilungiselele. Surface sanded, degreased, primer ekhethekile sisetshenziswa ngemva lo msebenzi ukukhiqiza kunenze nisondelane. I izingoma isicelo kukhona izakhiwo ezahlukene eyengeziwe kanye adhesion ezibushelelezi ahlukahlukene.

nenkanuko edlulele riveted

Le ndlela elihlangana isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngokujoyina uthayela namaphrofayela okwenyanga. Inqubo imbobo imishini wenziwa evele ke ifakwe riveting. Ngenxa mechanical umthelela ngenduku ekhanda kuthiwa zikhubazekile, futhi imbobo esinqunyiwe ugcwele. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngendlela manual futhi ngomshini. Izipikili ukulungisa impahla akuyona amenable ukuba Welding umsebenzi, nokunamathisela ngomthofu, kunenze nisondelane ingcina, futhi imininingwane, lapho une ukudonsa nqubo ebhubhisayo.

Cindezela kufaneleka

Ikhishwa fitting izihlalo izingxenye. Coupling kwenzeka ngenxa yamandla kokukhuhlana. Empeleni, lolu hlobo ubhekwa non-detachable. Kodwa lokhu okunemibandela. Ekusebenteni, zonke disassembly umkhiqizo futhi esikhundleni izingxenye.

Izinzuzo, nebubi, izinhlobo ukuxhumana

Ngomdlalo ngamunye has izici zayo siqu. Cabanga ngemigudu ngokuya ngebuhle nebubi:

• Threaded. Can ukumelana imithwalo esindayo, traction ezinhle, anhlobonhlobo imikhiqizo, kalula ukufakwa nokukhishwa kohlelo, ikhono ukusebenzisa imishini, eziphansi. Okumbi: anda inani kontsetratov voltage kunciphisa ukumelana.
• Keyed. Design Simple, inhlangano lula futhi disassembly. Okumbi: slot yokwakha yaseGrisi ngokunciphisa Ingxenye evundlile shaft kanye labaculi buthakathaka kubo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ukugoba futhi torsion ukucindezeleka lokuhlala. Kukhathaza fastener yokukhiqiza inqubo.
• Gear. It yakha ukubambelela okuhle nezinga isiqondiso samanje Axial ukunyakaza, okuhambisa a torque engu emikhulu, abambalwa izingxenye, ukuthembeka in reverse futhi ashukumisayo imithwalo, attenuation sakugcina shaft, ukunciphisa ubude ihabhu. Okumbi: ilethe inkinga enkulu, ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi.
• Zokushisela. Izindleko ongaphakeme umsebenzi, uxhumano uphendulela Friend kanye obukhulu, ukusetshenziswa izinqubo ezenzakalelayo, ikhono ukusebenza iphrofayela obukhulu. Okumbi: imanuwali Welding izinga kuncike ngqo ziqu isisebenzi, i-ukusonteka ebusweni izingxenye ngesikhathi Ukushisa, ukuthembeka ongaphakeme ngaphansi vibration futhi ukushaqeka imithelela.
• Pike. Ayikho ukusonteka we evele of izingxenye, ngokunemba high, kungenzeka nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Okumbi: inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngezizathu nokuqeqeshwa, imvume ubuncane kumele kunikezwe.
• Yesigcilikisha. izindleko okuphansi, akukho buthakathaka izigaba ukusebenza, kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kuhlangene nezinye izinhlobo Ukukhweza, okuhlangana ukuvuza kwandisa izakhiwo ukugqwala we weld, ukumelana namanzi, amakhemikhali, lokushisa ukweqisa, isicelo ubuchwepheshe wendlala. Okumbi: obuphelele base ukuqeqeshwa ngesikhathi Ukukhetha okungalungile sokuqanjwa kungase wehlise izici amandla.
• Riveted. Ikhono ukusebenzisa izinto ezingekho Weldable, ukuthembeka, kuvimbela ukubonakala ukukhathala imifantu. Okumbi: eyinkimbinkimbi, izinto ukusetshenziswa, inqubo oluvelayo uma evele ukusonteka zezitho ngenxa umthelela lokukhanda.
• Cindezela efanelekayo. Umklamo ulula, indawo enhle izingxenye maqondana nomunye, zingamelana imithwalo esindayo. Okumbi: inhlangano akulula, amandla kwashabalala bedle kunyakaza futhi oscillations.

Njengoba ubona, uhlobo ngalunye kunezinzuzo zako siqu kanye nobubi obuthile. Ngenxa yalezi zici, ukhethe izinhlobo engcono fasteners esimweni ngasinye. Cabanga lapho zisetshenziselwa compounds ezahlukene.

Izinhlobo compounds. izibonelo isicelo

Screwed, ethe njo, ukuxhumana ashiselwe kukhona ikuyo yonke indawo nganoma iyiphi umkhakha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa, ifenisha, umkhakha esindayo nokunye. Keyed futhi spline nenkanuko edlulele is kabanzi amathuluzi amandla, hardware, imishini. Cindezela kufaneleka ogibele imiphini gear izindandatho, amasondo worm. Nokunamathisela ngomthofu ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa umsebenzi nge izinhlaba, lapho ukunemba esiphezulu liyadingeka. Riveted esetshenziselwa crosslinking izingcwecwe zensimbi amashidi. Nokho, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni zokugcina, ngosizo izipikili kungenziwa abethela sill ngokwanele ezinkulu. Lena kuphela uhlu encane isicelo ongakhetha ethize obandayo.

Singasho ukuthi ne lobuchwepheshe intuthuko kokubonisa ubuchwepheshe ithuthuka ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nezinhlobo ezintsha abaxhumene imininingwane. Ezweni lanamuhla ligcwele lokubolekwa, imishini kanye nezindlela. On izingxenye kanjani firmly nquma inquma izinga ukuphila nenkonzo ISIZINDA. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kwakwakhe akusho phendulela ukuma umkhiqizo futhi ayenzi izinguquko ezengeziwe emklamweni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sihambisana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Uma ukuhambisana, inani izingozi amabhizinisi bese kuzoncishiswa ngezinye izikhathi, futhi amayunithi ngokwabo oyohlala isikhathi eside.

Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene imininingwane uxhumano.