Amandla Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: ingozi, yokutakula

Amandla sokuphehla amandla - kwekulu eRussia. liphinde lesithupha amandla kagesi emhlabeni. Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi esiteshini elise Khakassia, eMfuleni Yenisei, eduze Sayanogorsk.

Ukwakheka izakhiwo esiteshini

Into eyinhloko esiteshini kuyinto edamini lwaleli-amandla adonsela phansi sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, okuyinto has a ukuphakama 245 amamitha kanye nobude 1066 amamitha. Ububanzi ngasesinqeni se edamini - amamitha 110, futhi eduze ugema 25 amamitha. Idamu kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine. ibhange kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele-yasebhange bengakhulumi ingxenye obuphelele, ngokulandelana, 246 m kanye 298 m, ingxenye amanzi ukudedelwa ubude 190 metres, futhi esiteshini - 332 metres.

Nge edamini adjoins le Umthombo edamini.

Akulona siphelile into - ogwini Spillway, okuyinto esigabeni ukwakhiwa (ethunywe ngo-2011).

Uhlolojikelele

Ngaphambi le ngozi yenzeke ngo-2009, i-Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi ukhiqiza 15% of the energy kagesi ezivezwa amandla kagesi izitshalo amandla eRussia futhi 2% kagesi wezwe.

Amandla sokuphehla amandla - 6.400 MW. Power Plant - Flagship we Hydropower yasekhaya. Banikezwe Mainskaya imisele yamanzi, amandla Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi plant 6721 MW. Isilinganiso esiteshini yonyaka inikeza izwe kWh 24,5 amabhiliyoni. ukukhiqizwa Maximum yafinyelelwa ngo 2006, lapho uzamcolo omkhulu ehlobo ukuvumele esiteshini ukukhiqiza 26,8 bhiliyoni kWh kukagesi.

Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi ingenye eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ukuthembeka, sisivumele singamelana nokucindezela amanzi, azuzwe amaphesenti angu-60 aso sonke isisindo sayo siqu futhi amaphesenti angu-40 ngokusebenzisa amakhothamo angu ibhande eliphezulu, okuyinto idlulisela umthwalo emadwaleni ogwini. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu edwaleni ishayisa ibhange kwesokunxele 15 metres uphinde uthele kancane osebeni kwesokudla 10 metres. Nge base isiteshi edamini conjugate njengoba evunyelwe at a 5 amamitha ukujula. Lokhu bomklamo kwenza kwaba lula ukusebenzisa engaphansi kwengama-20% inani ukhonkolo uma ziqhathaniswa adonsela phansi izakhiwo.

Egumbini ezibekwe emifula amayunithi eziyishumi emifula nge nomthamo 640 MW ngamunye. Idamu uhlukile, efana lwaleli-amandla adonsela phansi uhlobo ukwakhiwa eRussia kukhona Gergebil'skaya eyodwa kuphela amandla kagesi, kodwa amandla alo lincane kakhulu kunaleyo lowo Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Yenisei River ivumela amandla kakhulu ngaphezu komfula Karakoysu.

Okwamanje, Spillway naleli damu lunamandla ka 13.600 m³ / s. Kusukela inflow amanzi umgwaqo esiphezulu eqoshiwe ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti 24.400 / m³ s, isinqumo sokuthi wakhe Spillway ezengeziwe. Lesi sakhiwo senzelwe ukwandisa umthamo jikelele spillways at 8000 m³ / s.

Ukwakheka Sayano- Shushenskogo Hydro eziyinkimbinkimbi yenhlangano kuhlanganisa Mainskaya HPP kokuba 321 amandla MW futhi yenza umsebenzi esiphikisayo Regulator.

Ezakhiwe emifula edamini kwesigubhu has uhla egcwele 31 cubic metres. km (lapho ewusizo -. 15 km cubic). Indawo 621 sq. km. Ikhwalithi yamanzi kwesigubhu kuphezulu kakhulu, okwenza bakwazi ukuhlela ke izinkampani Ukudoba abakhula trout. Ukudalwa kwesigubhu kwaholela izikhukhula 35 ayizinkulungwane. Amahektha umhlaba wokulima. Kwakudingekile ukuze uthumele ezingaphezu kuka 2700 izakhiwo. Le ndawo kwesigubhu itholakala Biosphere Reserve.

Isiteshi Design Institute wenziwa "Lengidroproekt".

ukubaluleka kwezomnotho

Kusukela ngomhla ka-2001 izindleko zikagesi ngesikhathi Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP kwaba 1.62 kopecks. kWh ngalinye. Nenzuzo ugesi ngesikhathi isitshalo ezingaphezu kuka kabili inzuzo izitshalo amandla amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto enamandla ithuluzi isinxephezelo isiqongo yokwanda kwama-kagesi amandla isizukulwane ohlelweni amandla Russia.

Ikhishwa sokuphehla amandla (75%) ka umthengi oyinhloko ugesi, esimila aluminium Sayanogorsk ( "aluminium Russian" Corporation). Isingeniso nokusebenza isitshalo kwenzeka ngo-2006 ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, okwakuyinto ziphoqa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla zikagesi.

ezokuvakasha

Isiteshi futhi igumbi ikhompyutha kwakhona ezithakazelisayo njengoba nezindawo zezivakashi. Futhi ngesikhathi Museum sangasese amandla plant. Njengoba into ukuze umbuso, kungenziwa wavakashela kuphela ngokusebenzisa lesifunda tour opharetha.

Le ndawo lapho itholakala the Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi (ibalazwe posted ngezansi) - indawo eye yaba undab 'uzekwayo izivakashi. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona ngisho ekhethekile observation emphemeni lapho ungase ukwazi engcono ukubona esiteshini. Manje kule ndawo eduze edamini yamisa yesikhumbuzo anikezelwe bezindonga HPP. On the loMfula Yenisei kumi isiqongo emihlanu oluyingungu ka Borus, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto Khakass shrine kazwelonke njengoba Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Khakassia ikhadi ivumela ukubazi lapho kulezi zindawo.

Emphemeni observation ohlangothini lwesobunxele ikuvumela ukuba ubone idwala elimhlophe amamitha angamakhulu amabili ukuphakama. Kuyingxenye Kibik-Kordonsky zemabula imali, okuyinto ethatha amakhilomitha ambalwa Umkhawulo wama-Yenisei. Enye ingxenye yomgwaqo kusukela Sayanogorsk e Cheremushky phezu zemabula ensimini amanga ngqo. Kubekeni uvinjelwe izimo Geological ezinzima futhi idwala iqhubezela, okwenza kube omunye ulwelwesi lwesisu, kwenze ezibizayo kakhulu emhlabeni.

ukwakhiwa

Isinqumo sokugcina ekutheni ukuqala ukwakhiwa sokuphehla amandla, kwanqunywa ngo-1962. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1968. Ngo-1975, lapho kwakhiwa i-HPP lihlukaniswa isiteshi Yenisei River, futhi ngo-1978, nge nokuthuma esiteshini lokuqala emifula wanikeza inkulumo yokuqala. Kusukela ngo-1979 kuze kube ngo-1985 kusathiwa luqaliswe ukusebenza uqalise eyengeziwe amayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye wokubacindezela. Ngo-1988, isakhiwo esiteshini ngokuyisisekelo igcwaliswe. Ngo-2005, kwaqala umsebenzi ukwakhiwa Spillway ogwini, lapho kufanele siwethembe kakhudlwana esiteshini. Ngo-2011, i-Spillway wafakwa msebenzi.

ukuxhashazwa

Ngo-2006, ukushiyeka sina egumbini lenjini futhi amanzi osenyameni futha sump atholakele. Ngo-2007, ukuhlola isimiso wembula ukuwohloka abalulekile Booms, ogama yobudala engu-20. Hhayi kahle kakhulu uthambekela i kumiswa anda ukuqhekeka kwaba design hydrounits, okwakubekelwa ifakwe le Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Izithombe ezishicilelwe ngemuva kwengozi wasiza ukuba wahlulele sezingeni ekubhujisweni.

uhlelo enkulu sesimanje kanye ngcono lobuchwepheshe esiteshini, ukuqaliswa okuyinto uqalile, kodwa le ngozi ngesikhathi isitshalo amandla yenze ezinye izinguquko ezinhlelweni lwabakhi lakhiwe.

ingozi

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP ingozi okwenzeka ku 17 August 2009, kuhilelani nowencithakalo enkulu.

Ekuseni ngo-August 2009 at HPP ngozi yenzeke. Kube ukubhujiswa yesibili iyunithi wokubacindezela, futhi egumbini wawudla izindwali ophephela ihholo ngokuba namanzi amaningi. amayunithi 7th futhi 9th wokubacindezela abangu zonakala kakhulu, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela sekugcwele nge lesithathu, lesine nelesihlanu amayunithi wokubacindezela. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukubhujiswa isakhiwo ophephela zazo lalibuswa Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Le ngozi kuholele ngokushona kwabantu abangu-75.

Le nhlekelele iye kahle uphenyo. Mthetho uphenyo eshicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 2009.

yokutakula

New emifula esikhundleni ezilimele ayeyalwe ukuba ibhizinisi "Amandla Machines". Kakade ngonyaka 2010 siye enkonzweni amayunithi № 6, № 5, № № 3 no-4, akavunyelwe ukwenza amandla afika ku 2560 MW - 40% ngokulinganisa. umsebenzi Parallel kwenziwe yi ukuliqaqa iyunithi 2 futhi ukwakhiwa № Spillway yaphela yimpumelelo ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela. Esiteshini 10 bhiliyoni kilowatt-amahora kagesi elakhiwe.

Ngakho esigabeni sokuqala kabusha, ngenxa okuyinto bathunywa ezine emifula abathintekayo esingaphansi zonke esiteshini yaqedwa.

Ngo-2011, isigaba of kabusha yesibili. Laqedwa ukwakhiwa qophelo Spillway yesibili, futhi ekupheleni konyaka wonke eziyinkimbinkimbi we Spillway wafakwa msebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, entsha Hydropower iyunithi (№ 1) wafakwa msebenzi.

Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngo-2011 zaba angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18 kW ∙ h.
Ngo-2012, ezintathu run entsha emifula: Inombolo 7, inombolo 8, inombolo 9, ngemva kwalokho amandla sokuphehla amandla kwaba 3.840 MW.

Ngo-2013, umkhankaso amayunithi ezintathu ezintsha emifula: Inombolo 10, inombolo 6, inombolo 5, okwenza bakwazi ukuletha umthamo zalesi sihlahla kuze kube 4480 MW.

ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-24 kWh yadalwa 2013 esiteshini.

2014 savulwa yesithathu isinyathelo nokwakha kabusha esiteshini. Njengengxenye nokuqaliswa kwalo ngo-2014 wanikela wamanje wokubacindezela iyunithi inombolo 4.

I Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi isitshalo kwenziwa full kabusha amatjha wokumeda wokubacindezela of OJSC "Amandla Machines", ezithinta nemingcele engcono ukuhambisana ukuphepha esiqinile nokwethembeka. Amandla sokuphehla amandla isibe ilingane okuzisholo - 6400 MW. kahle enkulu yama ezisebenza ngamanzi entsha ifinyelele 96,6%, kanti esiphezulu inkonzo nokuphila imishini senyuselwa eminyakeni 40. Manje Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, isithombe ngokushesha ngemuva kwengozi kanye namuhla zihluke kakhulu, ukusebenza at zigcwele.