T-72: izici nezithombe. T-72 "Ural" - main impi ithangi USSR

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube ukukhiqizwa serial T-62 amathangi, umklami abakhulu L. N. Kartsevym Ural ukuthutha isitshalo kwahlongozwa ukuthuthukisa imodeli ngokubeka ke injini entsha, onamandla kakhulu nokuningi phambili chassis. Kwakubonakala njengoba T-72 ethangini. izici imoto waphawula ke njengoba imoto enkulu zempi.

Umlando omncane

Ehlobo lika-1961, ababili amakhophi okuqala angu-amathangi ezakhiwa, futhi wahlolwa imodi esasizosheshisa - kuqala isitshalo ke endaweni. Into kwahluka nesimanje, kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke izinto zawo ezingcono, lesi sitshalo akuzange wathola imvume esemthethweni ukwenziwa ethangini entsha. Unyaka nonyaka, ngo-imodeli Kuye kwenziwa ushintsho oluthile:

1. Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa crew ethangini T-72, eyayihlanganisa ezintathu - umlawuli, umdubuli kambayimbayi nomshayeli.
2. Ethangini kwaba ifakwe isibhamu autoloaders nokuvikelwa zempi isikimu based steel SRI.
3. Chassis onobuhle kuhlelwe enesisindo kungekho amathani angaphezu kwangu-40.

Kodwa lezi zinguquko ungazange zithathiwe, kwakunabesifazane ababili nje kuphela ohlangothini gearboxes ayesele.

Izici ithangi isakhiwo

T-72 - ithangi, ebonakala ukwakhiwa classical, lapho ibutho ngokwahlukana itholakala emkhunjini. Ukuphathwa igxila engxenyeni phambili emotweni, lapha zitholakala uphethiloli, ithangi-yokubeka amadivayisi ukulawula ipuleti umshayeli, imishini kagesi.

isilawuli Yegatsha kuhlanganisa esihlalweni mechanical, olawula ethangini T-72. Ngenhla esihlalweni somshayeli kukhona dweba. I ipuleti zempi okwami efakwe kudivayisi evumela ukuqapha isimo. Umshayeli ihlala ngenkathi ushayela ukuthi umklamo ayeveza izihlalo phansi ethangini.

elwa gumbi

I gumbi nezisebenzi ethangini ishiywa phakathi kwalesi sikebhe kanye turret, okuyinto ahlukaniswa amandla iphakethe kungxenye ekhethekile. Awu eshukumisa amadizayini ivumela ukunyakaza lula zezisebenzi emahhovisi emahhovisi. Eziduduzayo Ergonomics - umehluko oyinhloko, okungase ukuziqhayisa T-72 ethangini. Sobuntu bakhe njengoba esibuthakathaka ukulwa futhi lihlaba umxhwele:

1. Ethangini ifakwe smoothbore isibhamu umbhoshongo 125 mm, ukushaja umshini nokulawula umlilo amathuluzi.
2. Kusukela isibhamu ifakwe lomyali futhi umdubuli kambayimbayi ihlala kwesobunxele.
3. On the isibhamu ohlangothini lwesokudla kukhona PKT machine gun, nangaphezulu lihlale spacers base ipayipi-rangefinder emehlweni.
4. umlawuli Emsebenzini imishini ezikhangayo: liqukethe kagesi machine gun ngesivalo, ithangi isiqondiso mpo, umsakazo, kufakwa umshini ekhethekile, okuyothi ngalo ngaphandle ixhunywe isokhethi kwenye indawo, bendiza drive umlawuli lombhoshongo.
5. induna umbhoshongo embozwe ikhava ipuleti torsion ibha.
6. cupola lomyali ifakwe amadivaysi amabili observation TNP-160 futhi ngawo idivayisi TKN-3.

I gumbi elwa nayo ifakwe izinsimbi kanye nezindlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lula ukusetshenziswa ethangini.

amandla iphakethe

Le ngxenye aft has a force ngokuhlukana. Engine ithangi T-72 itholakala ohlangothini imbobo, futhi phakathi kwazo ukwahlukanisa for motor ukupholisa uhlelo, lemifanekiso uwoyela, valve yokwanda ethangini. Ohlangothini lwesokunene ukukhwezwa emoyeni purifier. Leli bhokisi has a feed ishidi, lapho uhlelo ukupholisa itholakala. Liphinde ifakwe ezengeziwe ngokwahlukana amandla futhi ethangini amafutha main, ezinomthelela le Lubrication injini. Amandla ehhovisi ivaliwe isivalo. Ukusetshenziswa Okokhelekayo ithangi T-72 100 km kanje:

• uma ushayela phansi - L 260-450;
• ku migwaqo ekhonkiwe - 240 l.

Izici umzimba

Omunye amathangi Soviet ethandwa kakhulu - T-72 ethangini. Isici ke njengoba impi luyobe lungaphelele uma hhayi ukuchaza izici zomzimba. Leli bhokisi lokhu model - kungcono icala ezinzima, ukuthi we ashiselwe zempi amapuleti. Lapha ingxenye ekhaleni ahlelwe, ohlangothini okuphakelayo, phansi, izindonga nokushaya komoya we motor kanye ophahleni amandla iphakethe.

ishidi Frontal - a multilayer isithiyo esiyinhlanganisela steel ne-fiberglass, ugqinsi esihlinzeka bafake ukumelana enamathela. Ezinhlangothini umzimba iqiniswa mpo zempi ipuleti, phakathi ingxenye kulekelelwa by emapheshana zokuzivikela. inhloso yabo - ukuze wandise ivolumu sangaphakathi ebiyelwe kanye ukufaka umbhoshongo yabo. Yonke azungezwe we izinhlangothi kubakaki eziphothene, zazo ogibele amasondo ayo.

T-72 - ithangi ethandwa laseSoviet ephefumulelwe nenhlonipho emhlabeni wonke. Okuphakelayo izindlu salo zempi ipuleti emkhunjini. Njengoba Ukuvikelwa ukukhwezwa fan ahlula. Kuyinto volute ifakwe esikhiphekayo phambili lobani amapuleti. Leli bhokisi has a fan lwaluyophola, futhi injongo eyinhloko ngodonga - ukuhlela ukugeleza komoya. La maqembu ethangini kulekelelwa isiketi kokuba ukushuba 3 mm futhi wenza aluminium ingxubevange. Ukugcina isimo ethangini ngenkathi ushayela ku sezwe nzima, izikrini zingafakwa ku isikhundla stowed - pre-ukulayisha ukuba ezinhlangothini enezinto uthuli. Lapho T-72 empini, uthuli izihlangu kungenziwa efakwe phambili i-engela degrees 60.

Kanjani nombhoshongo?

Isetshenziselwe ukudala ke kusukela okwenyanga asakazwe zempi steel, it is eziphothene kuya phezulu ophahleni futhi inhloko evikela rangefinder base ipayipi-emehlweni. Tower ezahlukene isakhiwo Monolithic, lapho ukushuba odongeni kuyahlukahluka. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye ifakwe ifasitela lomkhumbi noma lebhanoyi lapho isibhamu ifakiwe, ebusweni uhlangothi - arc izihlathi, okuyizinto ezibalulekile for the yokubhuka igobolondo.

Kwesokudla isibhamu inikeza okwesikhathi embrasures okuyinto coaxial machine gun. Ushiye ubakaki isibhamu, lapho lwenkanyiso igibele ebusuku emehlweni lihambisana tube, lapho sidla kuya isibhamu actuator kagesi. I uhhafu kwesokunxele dweba uphahla has a base, lapho umdubuli kambayimbayi itholakala. Tower ujikelezisa indlela wokubacindezela futhi mathupha. Konke lokhu ehlukanisa ithangi T-72, okuyinto sici sivumela ukuba bafinyelele esiphethweni ngezimfanelo lokulwa kwezimoto zempi.

tank izikhali

turret ifakwe isibhamu smoothbore D-81TM, it is abhanqiwe nomunye isibhamu, futhi sisimamiswe izindiza ezimbili isiqondiso. Wemigqomo we isibhamu - ngamapayipi ukuthi ixhunywe emikhonweni bezinhlamvu, lo mshini breech futhi ngamanzi. Yena, siqukethe Imibhobho esemzimbeni eziyisithupha. isibhamu ehlukene ye-shutter imodi semi-automatic wokusebenza. Labadubuli uhla ithangi T-72 simi ngale ndlela:

• lapho kokudubula udibi ukubhoboza projectiles, kanye ibanga yokwanda kuyinto 4000 m;
• uma usebenzisa amagobolondo ephezulu alufakwa inani layo ifinyelela 5000 m;
• uma ngokudubula ebusuku ilingana 800 m;
• lapho amagobolondo kuthiwa wadubula nge ezingeni lateral usebenzisa amagobolondo ephezulu kuqhume, siqhumisa ububanzi ongafinyelela 9400 m.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ukushaja ngokuzenzekelayo ezahlukene ukulwa isibhamu labadubuli rate 8 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, nokushaja ibhukwana - 1-2 isibhamu ngomzuzu.

Labadubuli uhla T-72 kunikezwe stereoscopic monocular emehlweni-rangefinder ifakwe njengoba sinjalo ezengeziwe esizimele emkhakheni ezibukwayo. Ukusebenzisa emehlweni target ibanga kulinganiswa kule uhla 1000-4000 m nge ukunemba amaphesenti 3-5 of. Uma labadubuli uqhutshwa ebusuku, a ekhethekile ebusuku emehlweni nge ukukhanyisa esekelwe isihlungi IR.

Tower lomyali ifakwe izibhamu anti-aircraft, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba bacibishele emoyeni futhi phansi amatshe. Endabeni T-72 TTX ithangi ezilandelayo: phezu distal emoyeni Okuqondiwe labadubuli uqhutshwa at ibanga 1500 m at phansi --2000 m ukufakwa antiaircraft ithangi kuhlanganisa :.

• machine gun NSV 12.7 mm;
• imbeleko ngedivayisi ukufinyela;
• anti-aircraft emehlweni;
• ukuphatha, okuvumela ithuluzi ngqo nendawo futhi zibheka;
• uyothenga amagobolondo;
• kulinganisa indlela.

amagobolondo Key

Omunye enamandla kakhulu armored elwa Russian of sonke isikhathi - T-72. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali eqala imizuliswano ezilandelayo:

• AKMS automaton 7,62 mm;
• isignali amavolovolo;
• 10 namabhomu esandla.

Ethangini has a-indiza ezimbili isimame izingalo electrohydraulic, okuyinto kuhlangene i-optical emehlweni-rangefinder. Izinjongo esemqoka yalolu eziyinkimbinkimbi yilezi:

1. ugcine ngokuzenzakalela isibhamu isibhamu umshini endaweni ethile ngesikhathi ukunyakaza ethangini.
2. Ngokuyenga isibhamu uhlaliseke njalo isibhamu ngokushelela ukulungisa isiqondiso nesivinini.
3. Ukuvala isibhamu unstabilized ngendiza ovundlile.
4. Dala izigcawu umlawuli ethangini ukuze the umdubuli kambayimbayi.
5. Eziphuthumayo uphendukisa basembhoshongweni umshayeli.

Nge isimame enikeziwe Isivinini emincane, okuyinto esibangelwa isibhamu thwi kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo. On the ingxenye ithangi izinhlamvu - 39 isibhamu for isibhamu, 2000 nezinhlamvu ngoba le PKT machine gun, 300 nezinhlamvu ngomshini, 12 cartridges for isibhamu uphawu 300 nezinhlamvu ukuze anti-aircraft machine gun.

Izici ukushaja

Ngesikhathi T-72 inebanga electromechanical, okuyinto izokhokhisa ngokuzenzakalela isibhamu. Siqukethe elihambayo ligijima, ephakamisa indlela amakhasethi, Pallet ukususwa indlela ukulayisha induku, dynamoelectric ngesivalo isibhamu, inkumbulo futhi control unit.

EU.SSR impi ithangi ifakwe elihambayo ujikelezisa ukuthi ogibele Uhlaka umshini futhi kuhlanganisa luhlaka, i-electromechanical actuator ikhava, ukuvala izabelo indlela amafasitela Sash, uyisivalo futhi isandla drive. Ngo Uhlaka 22 ibekwe amakhasethi, he is a ukwakhiwa okuqinile ashiselwe. I ithephu ashiselwe kanye amapayipi amabili kudingeka ukuze kuhlaliswe izinhlobo ezahlukene isibhamu.

Izici kwamandla isitshalo

Iinsetjenziswa ithangi T-72 kusikisela ukuba khona powerplant ukushintshwa. Kuyinto injini udizili 780 amahhashi, okuyinto kulekelelwa ketshezi Ukupholisa uhlelo futhi idrayivu supercharger centrifugal. Engine isisindo 980 kg, it is ukufakwa esiteshini amandla. Multi-fuel injini ingaqalisa ku lemikhiqizo letehlukene udizili, kaphethiloli futhi kaphalafini. Kodwa fuel main - udizili. amandla ethangini injini sakhiwe 4 endlini futhi 5 ongaphandle fuel amathangi.

Ukuvikela umoya ohlanzekile olunceleka amasilinda yenjini, ithangi okwengeziwe ifakwe ezimbili isigaba emoyeni wezindlu osusa uthuli kusukela ngalendoda uthuli. Ukuhlanzwa wenziwa ngemijikelezo eziningana, bese nahlanza ukuba amaphesenti 99,8 emoyeni ingena injini.

I-apharathasi T-72 kusikisela ukuba khona uwoyela kanye uhlelo lwaluyophola. Uhlelo Lubrication afundwa futhi kuhlanganiswe, kanye lwaluyophola uhlelo - liquid uphawu, it is kulekelelwa kwegazi ophoqelelwe. I ekhethekile bafudumale system nendlu yaqala ukufudumala injini bese igcina izinhlelo zayo ngaphambi kokwethulwa.

Tank T-72 ifakwe ukudluliswa ibhukwana nge isilawuli wokubacindezela kuhlanganise isiginci omoya ezimbili. Guitar ngokuthi i reducer igiya okuhambisa torque engu nokudlulisela.

Chassis futhi imishini

Combat isisindo T-72 kuyinto amathani 44,5, kuyilapho ibhanoyi - a bi ezinamasondo eziyisithupha rubberized futhi ezintathu roller uni Ohlangothi, bakhulise drive isondo ilungiselelo, amasondo ayo nge indlela crank. Ethangini has umuntu torsion ukumiswa, okwandisa wokubacindezela ukushaqeka wezinciphisi nokusekela ezinamasondo eziyisithupha. Izibungu babe ezincane nenombolo izicathulo 97 kuwo.

Amadivaysi ezengeziwe ku ethangini kungenziwa waphawula, futhi umsakazo idivayisi zokuxhumana, eyenzelwe ababhalisile ezine. Isiteshi somsakazo usebenza njengothisha transceiver futhi umakhalekhukhwini, ukuhlinzeka zokuxhumana ibanga km kuya ku-20. I transceiver 1261 usebenza imvamisa yokusebenza, ukudluliswa isignali reception lwenziwa imvamisa ezivamile.

izinhlelo zokuzivikela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isisindo T-72 umxhwele, kwathiwa anemisila izinhlelo ezengeziwe evikelwe armored izikhali imoto uyaca. Systems ongavikela ethangini imishini yayo yangaphakathi kusukela wave shock, kwemisebe kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha crew lapho zihlatshwa ejenti enobuthi noma izikhali ezingamagciwane.

Ukuvikelwa kuqhuma eyenziwa zempi eziwubukhazikhazi, kanye eliphezulu uphawu. Phakathi ethangini, a impahla ekhethekile okuthembekile, nge ekulweni gumbi gumbi yokushayela is ngokuphepha uphawu. Uhlelo ukuvikelwa ukhonza njengelungu alamu ukukhanya umsindo, futhi ilawula ezingeni emisebeni ye komsebenzi ngaphakathi ingcindezi ithangi futhi khona ezinobuthi ngaphandle yalo.

Fire wokukucima System kuyinto iziqukathi ezintathu-litre zazo zigcwele extinguishant futhi amapayipi ezintathu, okuyinto ukuxhuma amasilinda futhi amagatsha, anesithoba lokushisa izinzwa. Uhlelo olukhethekile isinyathelo ngokuphindaphindiwe iyisivikelo okunokwethenjelwa kusukela intuthu. Lisebenza diesel.

Of imishini ezengeziwe ithangi T-72 kungenzeka uhlelo zokushayela ngaphansi kwamanzi, okuvumela ukuba sinqobe izithiyo phezu kwamanzi 5 m ukujula futhi ububanzi abafika kwabangu-1000 m okukhulunywa. Isakhiwo kule divayisi sihlanganisa lifejackets buso yenzelwe wonke zezisebenzi.

Ukulungiswa ithangi T-72

Kuyo yonke iminyaka ama yokukhululwa ithangi yethulwa onobuhle eziyisishiyagalombili eziyisisekelo: T-72, T-72M ne-T-72M1, T-72C nezinhlobonhlobo zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, limatasa ithengiswe phesheya emazweni anjenge eCzechoslovakia, Poland, eMpumalanga Jalimane, eHungary Bulgaria. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2007, la izimoto armored babe enkonzweni eziningana emazweni - Algeria, eVietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, nabanye abaningi. Tank T-72 wasetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni amaningi njengesisekelo inqwaba izimoto ubunjiniyela, akhethekile ezempi.

T-72 - kuyinto ethangini Ural ukuthi Sekuyisikhathi eside njengelinye lamazwe ezinamandla kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa hhayi kuphela e-USSR, kodwa futhi emhlabeni. I inguqulo ethuthukisiwe namanje ukhiqizwa emazweni amaningi, kanti njalo ngcono uhlelo lokulawula kanye nemishini amandla.