Ukulima kwe-organic: kuphi ukuqala? Ukulima kwemvelo

Sekuyisikhathi eside ukutshala iningi labantu bakithi akuyona nje into yokuzilibazisa, kodwa indlela yokuthola imifino ephilayo yetafula lakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi endaweni yabo engadini bavele bachithe isikhathi, behlanganisa ezolimo kanye ne-design landscape. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ngemikhuba emisha yokulima, okufaka ukulima okuphilayo. Yini okufanele uqale umsebenzi futhi yini ngokuvamile - ukulima okuphilayo?

Isingeniso esihlokweni

Kunoma iyiphi incwadi yesimanje ye-horticultural, kuningi okushiwo ngokuthi yikuphi ukulima okuphilayo. Uzoqala kuphi nokuthi lo mqondo usho ukuthini? Kulula. Namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuthola umuntu ongazange azwe ngezingozi zama-pesticides nokubulala ukhula, kodwa iphesenti yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto zinciphile kakhulu.

Futhi uma ezimweni zezimboni, lapho izindawo ezitshalwe khona zinkulu, isicelo sabo siqondakala ngokugcwele, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kulungile, ngakho akusizi ngalutho ukuwahlukumeza emnothweni womuntu siqu. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kufanele kushiywe ngokuphelele.

Ungasebenzisi amakhemikhali!

Abalandeli bezimvo ezinjalo bakhuthaza ukulima kwemvelo, ngokusekelwe kokusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo kuphela kanye nezindlela ezivela ezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuphelele, ukwelashwa kuhlanganisiwe, ngoba ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulima buhlinzekwa esikhundleni: ububanzi obubekwe eceleni, okulula futhi kufinyeleleke kahle emigwaqeni ye-weeding.

Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi bonke abalimi abambelela ezindleleni zokulima umhlabathi akudingeki ukuba bemba inhlabathi nhlobo. Yilokho ukulima okuphilayo kusebenza ngakho konke. Ngakho, ukuqala kuphi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze?

Ukuqala

Kodwa awukwazi kanjani ukumba umhlabathi nhlobo? Kungaba nzima kanjani ukushintshela kule ndlela kusuka ekulimeni kwendabuko? Phela, abaningi bethu baqinisekisile ngokuqinile emqondweni wethu ukuthi ukumba umhlabathi kuyisihluthulelo sokuzala kwayo.

Ungesabi ukuzama! Okokuqala zama ukungasebenzisi ifosholo. Sishintshe amafoloko: ukulima kwemvelo okukudala kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokungagcini lutho, kodwa ukukhulula inhlabathi entwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthenge isitshalo esiphambanisayo ukucubungula ama-aisles emhlathini.

Senza imibhede

Izigcawu nezikhala eziphakathi kwazo zihambelana ngokulandela ifomula 1: 2. I-optimal izoba imibhede engu-40 cm ububanzi bomugqa wama-80 cm. Njengoba imibhede ngokwayo iyohlala unomphela kule ndawo, eminyakeni embalwa ngeke kudingeke igubwe nhlobo: emhlabathini, ama-humus azobuthelela, azobe ethambile.

Qala isikhala somugqa we-mulching. Ngenxa yalokhu, sisebenzisa utshani obunokhula, i-sawdust, i-peat ne-humus. Lokhu kungenziwa unyaka wonke, njengoba ukhula lukhula. Okokuqala, ungakhetha kuphela indawo encane lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona ukulima okuphilayo kuphela. Uzoqala kuphi ushintsho kuwo ngomqondo womhlaba wonke?

Inkunkuma - engeniso!

Uma uhlala endlini yangasese, kuyisiphukuphuku esingenakuxolelwa ukuba unqabe ukusebenzisa imfucuza yekhishi. Uyaphi lapho uhamba khona ngokuhlanza amazambane, ukusika izithelo nemifino? Ungasusa kanjani futhi ususephi izinhlawulo zokudla ngesimo semifino endala, okusanhlamvu nokunye okunjalo? Ngokuqinisekile uyiphonsa, kodwa ungenza umanyolo wemvelo ongcono kakhulu kuwo wonke lokhu - umquba!

Lena umanyolo ongavamile, ongeyona izehlakalo ezithandwa yibo balimi abagqugquzela ukulima okuphilayo. Ungaqala kanjani ukukwenza? Okokuqala, bamba umgodi (ubukhulu - kuye ngokuthi inani lemfucuza) kuya ekujuleni kwamaphesenti angama-50-60. Gcwalisa ngotshani, ukhula nezinye izidumbu. Ungasebenzisa ukhuni lwezinkuni. Emgodini owodwa, uqala ukukhipha imfucuza yokudla okuketshezi. Esikhathini esishisayo, inqwaba ye-compost kufanele ihanjiswe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Njengomthetho, umanyolo usulungile eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyithathu. Njengoba sesitshilo, umquba ungasetshenziswa njengendwangu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwindla zimbozwe ngenqwaba yezintambo, kanti entwasahlobo lolu luhlaka lukhululiwe kahle nge-pitchforks.

Ciderates - "konke yethu"!

Uyazi ukuthi yini engayenza indawo yomquba? Izitshalo ezintathu zemifino zilingana nengxenye eyodwa yomquba. Lokhu kusho omunye umqondo oyinhloko wokulima okuphilayo. Kuqondene nezimbangi. Izinto okuthiwa izitshalo ezitshalwe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlwanyela impahla eyinhloko yembewu, bese zilima emhlabathini.

Njengoba kuthiwa esivumelwaneni sethu savuma ukwenza ngaphandle kokumba umhlabathi, izimila zinyatheliswa futhi zikhululeke kancane nge-pitchforks. Ekwindla kungcono nakakhulu: ungqimba lwamagqabi aluhlaza luthululelwe emaceleni. Entwasahlobo itholakala kuze kube yilapho iqhwa elizinzile linyamalalala, bese lisuswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, zonke izitshalo sezivele ziyi-perepretyut bese ziphenduka umanyolo omuhle kakhulu.

Iyini incazelo yezingxabano? Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ukuhlwanyela okunjalo kwe-alfalfa noma i-clover kuyalingana nokufakwa kwesinye ingxenye yomquba. Imifino ithatha i-nitrogen emoyeni, okunye amanye amasiko akwazi ukukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu zazo ziqukethe izinto ezincane nezincane ezizobe zithinte ngokuphelele izitshalo ezitshalwe. Ngamafuphi, isivuno esicebile sizoqinisekiswa kuwe!

Amathiphu ambalwa ngamazambane

Lokhu okungenhla kungasetshenziswa ngokuphumelela okulinganayo kuzo zonke izitshalo zemifino ezikhulayo endaweni yethu yezulu. Izithelo zabo eziphakeme ziyohlale ziqinisekisa ukulima okuphilayo. Amazambane, okuyinto ezweni lakithi elidumile igama elibizwa ngokuthi "isinkwa sesibili", singabuye sitshalwe ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela "eziphilayo".

Ngokuqinisekile, okungenani abanye abalimi bethu beloli bazi isimo lapho ingadi yemifino imane ingabi namuntu omele. Izindawo zingcono kakhulu, futhi uphethiloli ubiza. Kulesi simo, ungakhula amazambane ngaphansi komshini. Lolu buchwepheshe ezweni lethu lusemusha, kodwa seluvele lufanele kakhulu futhi luthandwa kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, okokuqala kufanele usebenze ubuso bomhlabathi ngeplanethi ephathekayo, ukhulule phezulu ama-5-6 cm enhlabathini. Ungabeka uhlaka olufanayo lwamakhomikhali. Ukunakwa! Umquba kufanele uphele ngokuphelele, ngoba kungenjalo uzobe unqunywe, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zezambane zizobola.

Ngomkhawulo olinganayo kusuka komunye nomunye (30-40 cm), izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwa, bese zihlanganiswa ngendwangu yetshani (cishe ngo-30 cm). Ngokushesha lapho amaqanda amazambane eqala ukoma ekwindla, umane ususe utshani bese uqoqa izilimo eziyizigaxa. Okulula, okusheshayo, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka emsebenzini ophansi emuva.

Ukhukhamba

Ngendlela, kuthiwani ngamakhukhamba? Ukulima okungokwemvelo kwenza kube lula ukuthola isivuno esikhulu salesi sitshalo. Akunzima ukwenza lokhu.

Wake wazwa ngedimu elifudumele? Esimweni sethu, kubalulekile ukwenza i-analog yayo. Emagqumeni ekwindla kwakubeka ungqimba lwamacembe, udoti lokudla nezinye izinto eziphilayo, bese uhlanganisa ifilimu. Kuze kube yilapho iqhwa, ingxube izofudumala futhi ibole kancane.

Entwasahlobo, susa ifilimu, bese ubeka ungqimba lwezinhlayiyana zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-0.3m. Utshala ukhukhamba. Ekwindla, inqwaba eholelekile ikhululiwe ngemifoloko, lesi sitshalo sihlala singabekwa phezu koqweqwe oluvundile oluthile, kodwa kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ukutshala ezinye izitshalo ngonyaka ozayo.

Yilokho ukulima kwangempela okuphilayo okukhona. Utamatisi ungakhula ngendlela efanayo. Kuzo zombili izimo, ukufihla ukhukhamba noma utamatisi kusuka emaqandeni asekuseni nasemakhazeni asekuseni ekuseni, kungcono ukusebenzisa ifilimu - lokhu kuzokunika isitshalo esimnandi ngempela ongasoze ulikhohlwa!