Inyama ezakhiwe kusengaphambili: GOST, TU kanye kophawu

Inyama kanye okusemathinini ziyehluka nokunwetshiwe isikhathi isitoreji. umsoco siphakeme ngokwanele. Le mikhiqizo kulula ukuthutha. Zikhona izitshalo ekhethekile nokuwakhiqiza ngoba anhlobonhlobo abathengi. Nokho, abaningi bakhetha ukwenza inyama okuzenzela okusemathinini. Kuye okuqukethwe imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kule mboni kungenziwa igcinwe kuze kube iminyaka 3-5 ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu.

Ukukhiqizwa inyama okusemathinini

Isetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukene. Ikakhulu, i-ukukhiqizwa wenziwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenyama, amafutha, ngu-imikhiqizo, imikhiqizo siphelile, ahlukahlukene izinto zokusetshenziswa yemifino imvelaphi. Ngo womshini izinongo nazo asetshenziswa, negazi lezilwane. inyama okusemathinini ezibekwe esitsheni ehlukile. Lokhu esitsheni kungenzeka yengilazi noma ye uthayela, aluminiyamu noma polymers. Esikhathini umkhakha, uphiko oluyisipesheli angakahleleki. Kuyadingeka ukuba abale ivolumu lapho inyama etholakalayo okusemathinini (steamed). Standard ubeka imingcele kule yunithi. Njengoba wakwamukela ebhange okunemibandela. Kuyinto esitsheni cylindrical ithini. ivolumu Ezazimzungezile - 353 ^cm3, ububanzi - 102,3 mm, ukuphakama - 52,8 mm. Lapho ngokudlulisela amathini ngokomzimba zisetshenziselwa izinto okunemibandela.

okunezinhlobonhlobo

Canned inyama emakethe ezihlukahlukene. Imikhiqizo oluthathwa ngokuyinhloko izinto zokusetshenziswa asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni. Ngakho, lapho kuthiwa okusemathinini imikhiqizo inyama, yenkukhu nezinkomo, ubhekeni, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu kanye nezinye. Kuye isicelo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemikhiqizo:

1. Ukudla.
2. Ngiyazisebenza emva kokwelashwa.
3. Ezokudla.
4. Fast.

Umkhakha futhi ukhiqiza inyama okusemathinini nezingane. Le mikhiqizo izidingo ezikhethekile.

sici

inyama okusemathinini ikhiqizwa eluhlaza, okuthosiwe noma ibilisiwe impahla eluhlaza. Lapho yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa: amafutha, usawoti, pepper, bay leaf. Okuvame kakhulu inyama okusemathinini - yenkomo sikadali, inyama yengulube, iwundlu. Okuqukethwe usawoti emikhiqizweni enjalo 1.5%. Ingxenye amafutha nenyama - mayelana 55%. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukulungiswa izifundo lesibili nelokuqala. offal Canned - a ohlukile pate ( "isibindi", "Special", "iNeva"), okuthosiwe izinso, isibindi, ubuchopho, ulimi lwami lukhuluma jelly, inhliziyo nokunye. Zisetshenziswa ikakhulu for sasekuseni noma njengoba isidlo emakhazeni. Imikhiqizo kwemikhiqizo inyama eyenziwe isoseji inyama ( "Hlukanisa" "Amateur", "ingulube", "amasosishi" nokunye.).

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa ubhekeni ngibhema futhi ubhekeni. Basuke uthathe tincetu encane bese pasteurized ezingeni lokushisa 75. Futhi ikhiqizwa izinkukhu inyama okusemathinini in juice ayo, kusukela ayi utamatisi sauce, amafutha benomhluzi oqoshiwe ham okhilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhange kungenzeka Hlobisa samanje. Cereal okusemathinini kuhluke ngohlobo impahla eluhlaza: myasobobovye, myasoovoschnye, myasomakaronnye nabanye. Zisetshenziswa ukulungiswa izitsha lokuqala nelesibili. Le mikhiqizo usuzosidla emva ukupheka.

Ahlungwe ngokubanzi okusemathinini imifino kanye zezingane. Ngakho, i-olunezinyanga eziyisithupha izingane ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo homogenized. Ezinganeni izinyanga 7-9 ekhiqizwa puree okusemathinini, izinyanga 9-12. - krupnoizmelchennye. Ngenxa impahla main eluhlaza at imikhiqizo ukukhululwa yilezi: inyoni, ulimi, isibindi, inyama yenkonyana. Futhi esetshenziswa yenkomo. Phakathi imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu zihlanganisa ezifana "Fairy Tale", "The Kid", "Impilo".

izinga

inyama okusemathinini kumelwe aphile ngezindinganiso osungulwe futhi izinkambiso sanitary. izinga lomkhiqizo kunqunywa inkambo organoleptic cwaningo, ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, futhi kwezinye izimo (uma kunesidingo) - ukuhlaziywa bacteriological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa kokuhlola isakhiwo isimo esitsheni. Ukuhlola inyama okusemathinini, hlola isimo unamathisele, okuqukethwe ilebula, khona / ukungabikho zamehlo izindawo ibuthuntu kwi isembozo, ukufaka nokuwohloka ukubaluleka solder. Uma uyikha phezulu le engaphakathi iziqukathi ezindaweni noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi inzalo. Ku-gilazi tsha ingase itholwe i-plaque amnyama yensimbi sulfide. Kuyinto ingozi kubantu, kodwa kakhulu yona ukubukeka umkhiqizo.

inyama okusemathinini organoleptically bangenile kushisa noma kubanda. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi ukunambitheka, ukubukeka, iphunga, ukungaguquguquki kokuqukethwe. Uma umkhumbi kuyinto umhluzi samanje, ufuna ukuzwisisa eyakheke ngayo nombala wayo. Ukuhlola ukubukeka, ukunakekelwa ikhokhelwa inombolo kanye nosayizi izingcezu, ikakhulukazi ukustaka yabo. Physico-chemical ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo kuhilela ukuthola amanoni kwemisipha izicubu, ithebula usawoti kanye nitrite umhluzi, ithusi, ithini nomthofu. Ubuningi lokuhlala ovumelekile amiswa izindinganiso uhlobo ukudla okusemathinini ngamunye. Kuye izinga nohlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezici organoleptic imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa elilodwa noma amabili izinhlobo. Inyama wangaphambili, isibonelo, ukufaka phakathi okusemathinini ethosiwe, yenkomo abilisiwe. ingulube izinongo liyakufanelekela ekhiqizwa uhlobo olufanayo. yenkomo sikadali futhi yemvu wenza ebangeni ephakeme noma kuqala. Kubo, asetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokulandelana, 1st noma 2nd isigaba ngamanoni.

Indlela ukumaka inyama okusemathinini?

Standard usetha umyalelo esiqinile, owawuthi amabhange ayesebenzisa ulwazi oludingekayo. Ukumakwa likhona esiqongweni silo. Ulwazi Isicelo Kwenziwa noma impumuzo indlela usebenzisa inki ongenakucimeka wokulingwa. On the nesembozo amathini nelitografirovannyh ulwazi olushiwo ngendlela elandelayo:

1. ukukhiqizwa nosuku nenyanga - amadijithi angu-2.
2. Unyaka - zokugcina ezingu-2 zenombolo.
3. ekushintsheni igumbi.
4. № okunezinhlobonhlobo (amadijithi 1-3). Uma ifakwe ilebuli okusemathinini inyama premium, lapha wanezela incwadi "B".

Munye nobe mibili izincwadi okubhekiselwa kuzo uhlelo index okuyinto umenzi kuyinto. Lokhu kungaba:

1. A - embonini inyama.
2. Ngu - Izithelo nemifino.
3. KP - umkhakha ukudla.
4. CA - Umthengi.
5. LH - namahlathi.
6. MS - ukukhiqiza kwezolimo.

inombolo sitshalo kuboniswe izibalo 1-3. Labelling kuyinto ezimbili noma ezintathu imigqa, kuye ngokuthi ububanzi we cap. Imininingwane zingaboniswa kuphela wabonisa ekhaveni noma kuso futhi ezansi (ngaphandle). On ukudla okusemathinini zezingane kufanele ibhalwe kanje "Ivunywe ngu-Ministry of Health Russian Federation."

isitoreji

inyama okusemathinini kumele igcinwe endlini umoya nge sakugcina lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. Nomswakama isihlobo kufanele zigcinwe ngaso 75%. Kulokhu izinga lokubanda kufanele libe ngaphakathi 0-5 degrees esilimaza ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo kwehle t (ngezansi zero). At lokushisa ephakeme kunaleyo 5 degrees ku okuqukethwe isitsha uqala ukunyakaza ku ithini. Lokhu kunganciphisa isikhathi wesitoreji umkhiqizo isikhathi.

inzalo

It has nomthelela obalulekile okuqukethwe amathini. Sterilisation Ukwakheka kwezitho esitebeleni amaprotheni izibopho. Lokhu-ke kunciphisa digestibility ukudla okusemathinini ngo-20%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-asidi ezithile acid namavithamini (threonine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine) elahleka ngesikhathi inzalo. amino okunjalo acid njengoba lysine, abazokwazi nakakhulu ngemva pasteurization at degrees 70. Kancane chaza extractives, kwakwakhe ikakhulukazi nitrogen-oqukethe.

Lapho inzalo ingu-30% creatine ubhujiswe, okuyinto ehilelekile kumiswa ukunambitheka. Lapho-ke onakala kwakhiwa uric acid kanye sarcosine. Ezinye amavithamini ulahlekelwe umsebenzi wabo, kanye acid ascorbic libhujiswa ngokuphelele. Kancane chaza amavithamini B-iqembu. Ngakho, ekuhlephuleni 80%, kanye B2 - 75%. Ngamavithamini A no-D asehlele 40% gzitamin H - 60%. amaqembu sulfhydryl Bakhululwa yakha hydrogen sulfide ebukhoneni umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubangela sulfitation isitsha odongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-athomu okusansimbi zikhona umkhiqizo, yakha sulfite Black yensimbi.

okuqukethwe Izici

Esitebeleni kunazo kusitoreji ezibhekwa sikadali okusemathinini. Ukukhiqizwa kaHamu, ayi aqukethe bengekho ngaphezu kwama-5 degrees. Isitoreji isikhathi okusemathinini lapho amafutha yemifino abakhona, kancane isikhathi eside. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugqwala iqala ngaphakathi esikoteleni ikani. Ziyakwazi nokwanda okuphawulekayo okuqukethwe tin siyenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga 3-4 kuphela. Lapho umnkantsha ukudla esikhathini isitoreji kungenzeka leakproof iziqukathi igoqe ukuvenisha phezu ithini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okushisa aphansi abe nomthelela omubi ukubukeka bomsebenzi okuqukethwe.

Ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa

Ngemva ukwakhiwa ukukhululwa kwe esiqandisini okusemathinini ehlobo kufanele ibekwe ekamelweni nge lokushisa 10 kuya 12. Ukuvimbela umswakama kanye ukubukeka alandelayo nokugqwala osebeni kudingeka ukwandisa ukupholisa. Ngemva yokukhiqiza ukudla okusemathinini kufanele ukumelana izinyanga 3. Phakathi nale nkathi, kukhona ukuqondanisa ngezici organoleptic. Le nqubo esakhiwa ngo ngisho ukusatshalaliswa izinongo, usawoti, amafutha, kanye nezinye izingxenye, kanye in exchange of compounds phakathi mass okuqinile futhi uketshezi.

isiphetho

Phakathi isitoreji, kungase bulging amathini - bombazh. Kungenzeka microbiological, ngokomzimba noma amakhemikhali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo elondoloza umonakalo kungaba kwenzeke ngaphandle izimpawu kwangaphandle. Izizathu ezimweni ezinjalo kungaba: zakisaniya okuqukethwe ekuqongeleleni esindayo zensimbi. Emafektri ukugcina izimpahla okusemathinini ezitolo wenza ngaphambi kokuphela kosuku lokugcina. Wathi kuyi imibhalo lobuchwepheshe / zokulawula noma inkontileka supply.