Friction impahla: Izidingo ukukhetha

imishini Advanced ukukhiqizwa has a isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi ehambisana. Friction izindlela okuxhunyanwa ezinyakazayo esebenzisa ukuhilizisana. Kungaba bamba, izibopho, amabhuleki kanye unclenching.

Lokho imishini okuhlala isikhathi eside, usebenza ngaphandle Ukuphumula, izinto zakhe zibeka phambili izidingo ezikhethekile. Basuke sanda. Phela kwemishini njalo ngcono. Khulisa amandla abo, isivinini yokusebenza umthwalo. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezihlukahlukene ngomshikisho esetshenziswayo wokusebenza kwabo. izinga yabo incike nokwethenjelwa UKUQINA imishini. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zinto kohlelo kuncike ukuphepha uhlala zabantu.

izici Jikelele

Friction izinto - kukhona izakhi ebalulekile yebandla nemikhulu futhi ezonikeza unekhono lokunciphisa amandla mechanical ukudamba yona indawo. Ngakho bonke teluhlaka akumelwe bagqoke ngokushesha. Ngenxa yale njongo, izinto ezazikulo ifa izakhiwo ezithile.

Coefficient friction friction impahla kumele uzinze futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu. ukuqina Inkomba iyadingeka futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ukusebenza. Lezi izinto ukushisa ukumelana futhi akuyona ukungenwa ukucindezeleka mechanical.

Ingqikithi kokwenza ngomshikisho umsebenzi, hhayi ubambe evele ukusebenza, ke sinikezwe adhesion eyanele izakhiwo. Isiqalo nesigcino lezi izakhiwo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza evamile imishini kanye izinhlelo.

izakhiwo impahla

Izinto ngomshikisho isethi ezithile izakhiwo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eliyinhloko kunamaphuzu ahleliwe ngenhla. Lokhu izinga inkonzo. Bona ukuchaza izici nokusebenza ngempahla ngayinye.

Kodwa zonke inkonzo izici kukhona ngenxa iqoqo izinkomba ngokomzimba, mechanical teplostaticheskih. Lezi nemingcele ziyahlukahluka phakathi ukusebenza into. Kodwa ukubaluleka bo ultimate is kunakwe enqubeni Ukukhethwa impahla ukuhilizisana.

Kukhona division of izakhiwo izibalo static, onamandla futhi abanolwazi. Iqembu lokuqala imingcele ezihlobene amandla umkhawulo kokucindezelwa, eguqa futhi ngilulekela. Lihlanganisa ukushisa, conductivity ezishisayo kanye ukunwetshwa komugqa into.

Izinkomba kuchaziwe izimo ashukumisayo, isikhundla njengoba ukushisa ukumelana, ukushisa ukumelana. Ngo izimo zokuhlola setha ngomshikisho Coefficient, ukugqoka ukumelana nokuzinza.

izinhlobo izinto

Friction izinto wazihlephula bamba uhlelo ngokuvamile okuthiwa i-copper noma yensimbi based. Iqembu izidakamizwa yesibili esetshenziswa ezimweni okusezingeni eliphezulu umthwalo, ikakhulukazi ngomshikisho ezomile. izinto yethusi asetshenziswa kokuphakathi ukukhanya imithwalo. Ukungezelela kilokho, bayabambisana efanelekayo kokubili ngomshikisho ezomile futhi uketshezi lubricating.

Ezimweni zanamuhla materials ukukhiqizwa kabanzi injoloba kanye resin based. Futhi, kungenzeka fillers ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ka metallic futhi okungezona metallic izingxenye.

sphere kwesicelo

Kukhona ngezigaba friction izinto, kuye ngokuthi isicelo sabo. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa amadivayisi enkulu yokudlulisela. Lokhu medium and kancane ukulayishwa izindlela ukuthi isebenze ngaphandle Lubrication.

Ngaphezu kwalokho labelwe ngomshikisho ukubopha impahla izinhlelo kokuphakathi ezisindayo-duty imishini. amafutha sisetshenziswa lezi ISIZINDA.

Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa izinto asetshenziswe kuncike wemishini maphakathi kanye ezisindayo. Kuzo, amafutha likhona.

Futhi isehlane ahlukene ukubopha band impahla lapho igrisi ketshezi likhona. Amapharamitha main izindlela sithole choice friction izinto.

Umthwalo bamba enza izakhi uhlelo mayelana 1 kwabhoboka - amasekhondi angu-30. Lesi sibalo ichaza izici ISIZINDA izinto.

izinto metallic

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukungqubuzana main metallic bamba izinto ukubopha kuyinto lensimbi nelethusi. namuhla steel ethandwa kakhulu nensimbi inkatho.

Ziyakwazi esebenzayo amalungiselelo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngomshikisho zokwakha iphedi ukubopha, okuyinto Ukwakheka yakhiwa yensimbi, ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ujantshi izinhlelo. Akukona wafiphaza kodwa ngokucijile ilahlekelwa yayo izimfanelo eshibilikayo ezingeni lokushisa 400 ° C.

izinto Non-metallic

Friction bamba noma ukubopha izinto nazo eyenziwe izinto nonmetallic. Kudaliwe ngokuyinhloko usekelwe emisebenzini yasemahhovisi asbestos (resin, binders iraba isinyathelo).

Coefficient friction uhlala lokushisa sezingeni eliphezulu ukuze 220 ° C. Uma resin isibopho sisetshenziselwa izinto ngezimiso eziphakeme bafake ukumelana. Kodwa Coefficient yabo ngandlela-thile aphansi friction isihlobo kwezinye izinto ezifanayo. A izithombe ethandwa plastic esekelwe izenzo ezinjalo retinax. Ngo oyiyo kukhona phenol-formaldehyde resin, asbestos, barite, kanye nezinye izingxenye. Le into kuyasiza ukubopha yesifunda kanye nemibandela yokusebenza esindayo. Igcina impahla yayo ngisho nalapho eliwu 1000 ° C. Ngakho-ke retinax kusebenza ngisho izindiza unyathela amabhuleki izinhlelo.

Asbhestosi zinto zikhiqizwa ngokudala izicubu homonymous. It is ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-asphalt, iraba noma Bakelite, futhi onomfutho ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu. Dlala asbestos Imicu yotshani ingase futhi yakha pad nonwoven. Baphetha swarf. Ngezinye izikhathi, amandla wanezela nangethusi wire yabo yethulwa.

noFrits

Kukhona olunye uhlobo ethulwa uhlelo izingxenye. Lokhu sintered ngomshikisho izinto ukubopha uhlelo. Lokho zilwane iyoba sobala kakhulu kusukela indlela enza yabo. Avame wenza esisekelweni steel. Phakathi Welding, nezinye sintered nalo, ingxenye izingxenye. preform Oku-ohlangene sakhiwa powder Izingxube yabekwa ephezulu lokushisa bafudumale.

izinto ezinjalo zivame yasebenzisa nje amvikele ezisindayo-duty wazihlephula izinhlelo. ukusebenza kwawo okukhulu ukusebenza zinqunywa amaqembu amabili izingxenye ayingxenye. Izinto kuqala unikeze ngomshikisho Coefficient esihle futhi uzigqoka ukumelana, kanti eyesibili - ezingeni eyanele ukuzinza adhesion.

Izinto esekelwe ensimbi for ngomshikisho ezomile

Kukhethwa indaba for izinhlelo ezahlukene kusekelwe zibheke kwezomnotho kanye lobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza kanye msebenzi. Abambalwa emashumini eminyaka adlule izinto ezinjalo ezazidingeka ku yensimbi isisekelo, njengoba FMC-8, MKV-50A kanye QMS. Friction zethu ezingokwenyama ukubopha pads lapho ezisebenza ezisindayo-duty izinhlelo Kamuva wenza kusukela PMA-11.

MKV-50A kuyinto entuthukweni entsha. It is lisetshenziswe womshini Linings ngoba disc amabhuleki. It has inzuzo phezu iqembu MCF okungu ukuzinza, ukugqoka ukumelana.

Ngo yokukhiqiza lanamuhla kwakwandile QMS uhlobo izinto. Banda manganese okuqukethwe. Futhi, yakhiwa Carbide futhi boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide futhi Karbid Kremniya.

Izinto esekelwe ezomile ngomshikisho zethusi

I ukuhamba wazihlephula izinhlelo ngekwetinhloso letehlukene kuthiwa kungase kutholakale izinto esekelwe tin ngethusi. Ziyakwazi ingasaphathwa bafake kokuzalela izingxenye ezenziwe cast iron noma steel, ngaphezu kwezincwadi ukuhlikihla okusansimbi isisekelo.

Kuncike zisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izinto, ngisho embonini zezindiza. Ukuze izimo zokusebenza ekhethekile ithini Ungashintshanisa izinto njenge-titanium, i-silicon vanadium, i-arsenic. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka ukugqwala intercrystalline.

Izinto esekelwe tin zethusi is kabanzi embonini yezimoto kanye womshini imishini yezolimo. Abakwazi ukumelana imithwalo esindayo. Afakwe 5-10% tin ingxubevange inikeza amandla anda. Ukuhola futhi graphite isenzo njengoba okuqinile igrisi ne-silicon dioxide noma silicon kwenyuke ngomshikisho Coefficient.

Ukusebenza izimo e uwoyela ketshezi

Izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezomile, abe ethile ebalulekile. Ziyakwazi kuncike bafake okusheshayo. Lapho ushayiswe igrisi kusukela ISIZINDA eduze is wancipha ukusebenza kwabo. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva babe izinto ezivamile ezingaphezu zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emafutheni.

Imishini enjalo esitshalweni ngokushelela, ngezimiso eziphakeme bafake ukumelana. Kuyinto chilled kalula futhi uphawu kalula.

Ngo umkhuba angaphandle muva nje ezikhulayo ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo ezifana ngomshikisho ishidi zethu ezingokwenyama amabhuleki, amvikele, nezinye izindlela okusekelwe asbestos. It is elifakwe ne resin. Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa izici olubunjiwe nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu metal fillers.

Ngokuvamile, medium esetshenziselwa lubricating emizimbeni sintered bhila kusukela zethusi. Ukuze uthuthukise izici kokukhuhlana, ukudla okuqinile okungezona metallic yethulwe zingene kwengoma.

Ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo

Ubungcono lokuqala kudinga bafake ukumelana, okuyinto ifa izinto ukuhilizisana. Kuleli kuncike zibheke kwezomnotho nokusebenza yabaphathi. Kulokhu, ubuchwepheshe ithuthukiswe izindlela ukuqeda ekushiseni okweqile Laphezu ukuhilizisana. Ukwenza ngcono lo impahla impahla friction, ukwakhiwa zedivayisi, futhi nokulawula izimo zokusebenza.

Uma izinto ezisetshenziswa ezimweni friction ezomile, ukugxila amandla abo ephezulu lokushisa kanye namachibi ukumelana. izinto ezinjalo ngaphansi ukungenwa olwalwenza bafake hlobo. Kodwa izinhlelo nge ukumelana igrisi ukushisa akunandaba konke okuningi. Ngakho-ke, kakhudlwana ikhokhelwa amandla abo.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe ngenkathi ngcono izinto izinga ngomshikisho banake degree kwabo namachibi. Zincane kangaka, okuhlala isikhathi eside ingxenye izindlela. Enye mkhuba ukwehlisa porosity material.

ukukhiqizwa Modern kufanele ngcono izinto ezengeziwe isicelo ngesikhathi womshini amadivaysi ahlukahlukene ezihambayo, ukudluliswa. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukwanelisa umthengi nokusebenza nezidingo ezikhulayo impahla ukuhilizisana.