Desalting amanzi: Izindlela kanye Tinsita

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uhlanga lwesintu kufikile isikhathi lapho ingxabano ngeke qhuma phezu amanzi ahlanzekile. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga Yinye kuphela indlela - ukuthola indlela kahle amanzi kungeyona.

Uyini kungeyona amanzi

Noma yimuphi uketshezi oyiyo has kumaphesenti athile nosawoti, izilokazane ezincane, namaminerali. Ukuhlanzwa we zemvelo amanzi noma kampompi okukhiphayo therefrom izinto eziyingozi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba ingxenye inani elikhulu nosawoti ukuthi alenze lingakufanelekeli ukudliwa.

Desalting yamanzi - ukwehla kwe lokuhlushwa oncibilikile. Inqubo ingakwazi ukuthwala uhlamvu Imininingwane lapho uketshezi engalali noma yikuphi okuqukethwe usawoti, noma kancane, lapho ubukhulu kusengaphambili likasawoti lihlala kuwo.

izindlela

kungeyona Okugcwele iqhutshwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ziphuzo zazihluzwa, indlela ezishisayo.
• Ngu ion exchange.
• electrodialysis indlela.
• Reverse Osmosis ulwelwesi.

Ukususwa okungaphelele kasawoti kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Liming.
• Barite ukuthambisa.
• H seka exchange.
• Esiyiqhwa.

Izindlela yamanzi kungeyona izindleko zidinga kokubili ngokwezimali futhi amandla. indlela yokwelapha Ukukhethwa incike angaphezulu aqukethe usawoti ongaba uketshezi yokuqala, ukusebenza ukufakwa, izindleko izingxenye inqubo (ukushisa, ugesi, reagents). indlela ngayinye kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi zenzeka ngezindlela lobuchwepheshe.

kungeyona esinqunyiwe

Elingenalo konke ukungcola amanzi isetshenziswa izinqubo eziningi zezimboni kanye nesidingo ukusebenza kwangaphakathi inani elilinganiselwe labantu. Ukusetshenziswa ekhaya liyadingeka demineralization yamanzi ngezinga elithile. Ezimweni eziningi, le ukuthambisa ketshezi kwenzeka cationization.

Inqubo uthatha isikhundla kanzima nosawoti hydrogen cations okuyinto yena, usabela ukubhubhisa ion Bicarbonate. Umkhiqizo akha kwakwakhe okuyinto okukhipha njengendlela gas. Izinga zokuhlanjululwa balinganisela inombolo ekhishwe yi-calcium carbonate.

ziphuzo zazihluzwa yamanzi

Amanzi kungeyona ngu ziphuzo zazihluzwa indlela - indlela endala futhi ezivamile namuhla. Inzuzo ukutholakala kwalo jikelele futhi kusimo - zibiza kakhulu inqubo. Ukuze uthole amanzi ngaphandle ezingcolisa usebenzisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Ziyakwazi izinhlobo eziningana evaporators, umehluko phakathi kwazo kukhona isakhiwo esisetshenziswa njengoba amandla. Okuvame kakhulu - umusi kanye kagesi imishini, libhekene eziphezulu kanye ukusetshenziswa ezinkulu zamandla.

I-apharathasi kuyinto kubhayela (noma boilers eziningana) yokucindezelwa ongaphakeme lapho uketshezi ibe umusi futhi ihlukanisa nosawoti ukugxilisa ingqondo. Ukuze uthole esiphezulu umshini ohlanza amanzi apharathasi kufinyelelwa ku Reflux lokushisa kancane. Nge kule modi, ukungcola esindayo ungangeni distillate ushintsha uba yileli. Omunye ongakhetha ukwehlisa izindleko ukwandisa isibalo izinyathelo, kodwa ukufakwa okunjalo ihilela imali eshisiwe kokuqala.

imishini ziphuzo zazihluzwa ngaphezu ukusetshenziswa semali amandla inenani umxhwele zonke izingxenye. Nikeza ubumsulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu kungaba amapayipi ezibizayo, ama-valve, edlulisela ukushisa, kanjalo evaporators, wenza asebenza ngebhethri noma ye-platinum. Ezinye izinto azizifanelekeli.

indlela electrochemical

Indlela liqukethe ukudlula kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa emkhakheni kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhona ukudluliselwa usawoti ion - cations basakazwa isiqondiso cathode futhi anions - kuya anode. Uhlelo has linezingxenye ezintathu, okuyinto akhiwa esebenzisa cathode futhi anode diaphragms. I gumbi medial amanzi, olungiselwe kungeyona.

Wokusakaza idlule njalo kagesi, lapho ekuhlungeni kwenzeka usawoti ngesikhathi cathode futhi anode diaphragm. Indlela kuyabiza kakhulu imishini izindleko kagesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho abazange basakaze.

ion lokushintshisana

Indlela ethembeke kakhulu, okuyinto ibangelwa amanzi desalting - ion exchange indlela. I ukubuswa amanyela ngale ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uthole uketshezi esicacile ngesikhathi esifushane, okuyinto ebaluleke for kungeyona ezimbonini. Le ndlela izindleko kakhulu ngempumelelo futhi inika kangcono yokuhlanza yi.

Indlela kusekelwe ukususwa cations kusuka uketshezi nosawoti anions, okuholela uhlanzekile ingatholakala obuhlukahlukene degree of demineralization up ukuqedela ukususwa usawoti ejenti. Desalting ngamanzi ion exchange kwenzeka iqhaza ion kwabebhange okuyizinto polymers amanzi-zingaxazululeki oqukethe ion ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Uma izimo wadala okulungiselelwe polymer ingena ukusabela exchange nge-athomu usawoti yesibonakaliso efanayo. Ibekwe endaweni aqueous inhlaka zigcwala, okwandisa ngobukhulu by izikhathi 1.5-2.

Nge kwesikhathi kwaba eqoqwe inhlaka ziyoncibilika usawoti ohlangene. Te ezivuselela ion kwabebhange, kulandele imithi yabo. Kwemikhiqizo ethathwe ayegcwele ion-exchange inhlaka ngokuthi "eluates", bahlanganisa nosawoti kanye ane-alikhali izixazululo. Ezinye zazo yilezi izinto ezibalulekile ke kufanele ufihlwe izingxenye zisabalulekile.

Osmosis reverse

entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe nezinto uqala ukubuka ukusweleka angenasawoti zisenza sibe ubuchwepheshe obusha kungeyona futhi kungeyona. indlela ethandwayo ekutholeni ukwelashwa ahoxise Osmosis, ke kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ukuthuthukiswa ulwelwesi technology. isithakazelo Commercial okubangelwa iphansana energy ukusetshenziswa. Iningi amadivayisi lesi simiso asetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa amanzi emfuleni, eyabonakala kahle abaningi izikhathi zabo.

Endlini zisebenzisa ukufakwa ngoba amanzi desalting esekelwe reverse Osmosis isimiso, efanelekayo kokubili ngokoMthetho energy ukusetshenziswa, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo okuholela. Umgomo we Osmosis ukubuyela emuva amanzi Ukudlula ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi okuyinto eliqinile ukuze oncibilikile namanye amanyela. Inqubo kungeyona ukunikeza zokwenziwa lulwimi permeable ulwelwesi, okuyinto angakwazi ukubamba ezinye amagesi ziyoncibilika emanzini (chlorine, carbon dioxide nokunye.).

reverse Osmosis indlela uyazihlanza emanzini kukho konke ukungcola, kukhona demineralization ephelele, okuyinto ingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu osesilinganisweni kufanele akhethe phakathi amanzi kampompi noma aphathwe ngosizo yokuhlunga. okubi Lesser amanzi, elingenalo zonke izithako zemvelo.

Namuhla kwamanye amazwe kukhona kakade otshalayo ukwenziwa amanzi okuphuza, lapho kungeyona usebenzisa reverse Osmosis indlela, njengenhlangano ezama ukubuyisa ezengeziwe aftertreatment eziphethweni ke amagesi siphela. Ukuze uyinike evamile, eduze nesimo sakhe amarhwebo manzi ahlanzekile sengezwe ezifanele usawoti lokuhlushwa ukuqinisekiswa.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi yezindlela esemqoka

Ngamunye izindlela yamanzi kungeyona has kokubili izici emihle nemibi. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe, ungabona abanye babo ukuba makudle:

• Ion exchange kuyasiza ukuthola amanzi okumsulwa kakhulu, uhlelo onokwethenjelwa futhi akasabeli ngezinga kokuqala lenguquko ethize kunhlobonhlobo zamatshe liquid, kudinga izindleko kancane imishini. inqubo desalting lwenzeka ngesikhathi esincane ukugeleza ukulahlekelwa. I yokuntula of indlela zihlanganisa ukungcola okusheshayo imvelo nge amakhemikhali ayingozi, izindleko eziphakeme reactants ngokwabo, uhlelo iba ezingcolile ngokushesha futhi zidinga njalo isihlungi esikhundleni. Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa futhi uhlunge izingxenye igcwele nobunzima.
• Ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Ukufaka i-desalting amanzi esekelwe indlela ezishisayo esetshenziswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa chemical abonise izinga okuholela ezinhle ketshezi elakhiwe phakathi ukusebenza ukushisa ingasetshenziswa ezinye izinjongo. I lolwehlukanisa le ndlela kungenzeka ukuqeda amagesi siphela. I yokuntula of indlela yilezi: izindleko energy eliphezulu, isidingo sokwelashwa amanzi, izindleko ukufakwa nokugcinwa (yokuhlanza zonke izingxenye), izindleko aphezulu imishini.
• izinhlelo ulwelwesi abahlukile ukuba mazombezombe yokuqala amanzi ngenqubo akudingi amakhemikhali, kulula ukugcina. izimfanelo Negative yilezi: ukulungiswa inqubo yokwelapha amanzi, semali amanzi for ukusebenza amadivaysi, okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla ukusetshenziswa, othinta yokugcina umkhiqizo izindleko.

Desalting ekhaya

Amanzi filtration - indlela ezingabizi kakhulu kwe-post-ukwelashwa. Desalting sea noma kahle uketshezi ekhaya, kunezindlela ezimbili ezivamile yilezi:

• A isitsha amanzi ukubeka efrijini futhi ushiye ukumisa akuphelele. Salt nge ingxenye yiqhwa ewuketshezi, iqhwa kufanele kuyanyamalala, kuqine ingasetshenziswa ngokushesha. Ukuze uthole olunye uhlanzekile kudingekile ukuba miss yiluphi uhlobo lamanzi ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso yasendlini. Indlela libizwa ziphuzo zazihluzwa abandayo.
• Ukuhwamuka. Thatha ezimbili iziqukathi angusayizi ohlukile, is batheleka amanzi esikhulu sasolwandle / usawoti, kwesokunxele aphansi lingenamuntu futhi ibekwe endishini enkulu. Yonke isakhiwo zingafakwa Ukushisa plate noma kwesokunxele elangeni, emva ukuvala lid. Ingabe kudingekile ukuze kuzuzwe kancane ukubila ezihlala emanzini anosawoti. Imibhangqwana bancishwa usawoti, uzobe bagxila ethangini ayinalutho. I ukuhwamuka elangeni ayozithola kancane kakhulu. Kule ndlela kuba ngempela esincane amanzi okuphuza.

Kungeyona namanzi kungeyona Artisanal kungenzeka, kodwa imiphumela abampofu. Inketho engcono kungaba ukuthenga izitshalo ukwelashwa yasendlini.

ukufakwa yasekhaya

Ukusetshenziswa ekhaya ngokuvamile kudingeka uhlelo umshini ohlanza amanzi. Amanzi filtration kungase kwenziwe ngezindlela eziningana:

• I elula futhi ezingabizi kakhulu - nojeke enezihlungi replaceable.
• Umlomo wombhobho isisefo crane.
• amanzi Ithebula izihlungi.
• Embedded uhlelo, enifeza wokuhlanza uketshezi kuncike nokubekwa (kuphela ekhishini, iphuzu okuphakelayo yamanzi engena endlini, multistage isihlungi umshini ohlanza amanzi emithonjeni Artesian, nokunye. D.).

Ngiphakathi izinhlelo zasekhaya angeke aluqede ngokuphelele usawoti kusuka ketshezi ukuthambisa amanzi kanzima kodwa bakwazi. Kulokhu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi izakhi ke ligcwele ukukhetha uhlelo amanzi cartridges, umshini noma reagents. inqubo Desalting kudinga apharathasi jikelele, endaweni enkulu for ukufakwa, utshalomali enkulu yezimali kanye ukutholakala sevisi yesistimu ukuthi ayitholakali ukuze anhlobonhlobo abathengi.

Izinhlobo yaseNdlunkulu Yokuhlanza

Kuze kube manje, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukwelashwa amanzi avame ukusetshenziswa:

• Carbon filtration. Idivayisi kuyinto esitsheni egcwele izinkuni namalahle noma isebenze. Amanzi ageleza ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso, bahlanza chlorine izakhi oily, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, izilokazane ezincane, ama-bacterium nezinye izinto ezifana nazo. D. Lemifanekiso iyatholakala ngemali, isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukusebenza.
• yokuhlanza lesidze. Lolu hlobo isihlungi ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo - owodwa umsebenzi kanye multifunction. Ngoba noma yisiphi kukhethwa inkonzo edingekayo - njalo ukushintsha cartridges okokomela amanzi, esikhundleni valve nokunye.
• Strainer. Susa particulate ukungcola ezinkulu (isihlabathi, nokugqwala, kodaka nokunye.).
• yokuhlanza Deep. Ngu lolu hlobo isihlungi kuhlanganisa izinhlelo nge Osmosis reverse, multi-esiteji izihlungi, nokunye.

Ezindaweni eziningi eRussia kuphela edingekayo yokuhlanza ezengeziwe yamanzi, njengoba amanzi izinsiza kuleli zwe yanele. Isifunda lapho kungase kube ukuntuleka kwe-amanzi ahlanzekile - kuyinto eCrimea, lapho, mhlawumbe, zidinga izitshalo zezimboni ukuba desalinate amanzi olwandle. Zonke amadivaysi sokufeza izinqubo kukhona patent. Kungeyona futhi demineralization lamanzi kufanele kwenziwe izindlela esekelwe kwezesayensi imiphumela yokuhlola kunesidingo ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri.