Imboni Heavy - Zakudala Nezanamuhla

Isilinganiselwa kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe enkundleni ngamazwe incike ezingeni yentuthuko umnotho wayo. Futhi lo mqondo umnotfo enezici, kodwa isisekelo salo Yileso umkhakha, okungukuthi, iqoqo izinkampani ezahlukene. It izimboni, izimboni zikagesi, izimayini kanye nezimayini. Bona misela umkhiqizo amathuluzi eluhlaza, nophethiloli, izinto, ukhuni kuvuna, ukukhiqiza amandla, nemikhiqizo kusetshenzwe ngazo yenziwa umkhakha noma kwezolimo. Okungukuthi, kulo mkhakha womsebenzi womuntu yimbangela inhlalakahle yakhe.

Njengoba singabona, imikhakha yezomnotho emisebenzini ukukhiqizwa, kunezindlela eziningi. Futhi ingxenye enkulu kubo kunemibandela munye ngaphansi kukahulumeni owodwa definition ezivamile - umkhakha esindayo. Lona iqembu izimboni ezikhiqiza kakhulu izindlela zokukhiqiza. Lezi zihlanganisa cishe zonke embonini yezimayini futhi ingxenye ethile imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo. Lokhu izimboni ezifana amandla kagesi, yokusansimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni, nophethiloli umkhakha, ukusebenza zensimbi isiqoqi sama-softwe. Uhlu sihlanganisa ezamahlathi, izinkuni ukucutshungulwa, Petrochemical, amakhemikhali, uginindela umkhakha iphepha, kanye nezinye izimboni ezifanayo.

Nokho degree of ukubaluleka kwalezi imikhakha yezomnotho kungabonakala umlando. Ngokwesibonelo, Russian umkhakha esindayo waqala ukuthuthukisa kuphela emva kwempi. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-1913 i-engineering Russian ayithelanga% 9 kuphela wezindleko okukhipha zezimboni kushaft. Ingxenye embonini chemical has ngisho kancane - 3%, kanti isabelo amandla angaphansi kwelilodwa. Futhi eziningi emikhakheni ehlobene umkhakha esindayo, ngokuvamile engekho. Ngakho, e-Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso babengenalo Instrumentation, umshini amathuluzi, ogandaganda, izimoto kanye nempahla Metallurgical. Futhi izinhlobo eziningi kangaka imikhiqizo zisuka phesheya.

Kodwa emva kwempi, isimo sesishintshile kakhulu. Khona-ke kwetimboni lonke lelo zwe eye eyenziwa futhi umkhakha onzima kwaba ngokoqobo wadala. Ubuholi Soviet alalelwa elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla kagesi umkhakha, isiqoqi sama-softwe, zamakhemikhali nezinye izimboni esindayo. Eminyakeni pre-impi, abantu baseSoviet Sakhe amabhizinisi eziningi ezinkulu futhi wadala kusuka ekuqaleni igatsha elisha embonini. Lokhu yezimoto, Aerospace, umshini amathuluzi, sihlanganise umvuni, ugandaganda, imishini Metallurgical nezinye umkhakha engabalulekile. Futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II umkhakha esindayo isibe base umkhakha ukuzivikela wezwe.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi nazo elinesimo izinga ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izimboni. Khona-ke sesiqalile ukuvela, futhi ngempumelelo nokuthuthukisa izimboni ezintsha, ezifana electronics, umsakazo ubunjiniyela, ukwenza insimbi, rocketry nezinye ezifanayo. ISoviet Union wakwazi ukuba kwenzeke lokho kuqala emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni uwoyela, insimbi, steel, coke, itshe-nsimbi, umanyolo, amakhanda zikagesi diesel, kogandaganda, usimende kanye izingodo. umkhakha Heavy eU.SSR ngaleso sikhathi ifinyelele ezingeni nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.

Futhi manje yangaphambili amazwe eSoviet Union ukusebenzisa isizinda, usethe ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia, Belarus ne-Ukraine manje iqasha amabhizinisi engaphezu kwengu-20 Metallurgical. Kuyinto ezifana Mariupol Azovstal, Amurmetal e Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Almetyevsk Pipe e Tatarstan, Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant ekhatsi Bashkortostan, Belarusian Steel Works e Zhlobin nabanye asakazeke kulo lonke CIS.

Ngisho umkhakha esindayo kuhlanganisa onjalo wemboni ezibalulekile njengoba embonini kawoyela. Lokhu ukuhlola kawoyela negesi imishini, isizinda ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, kanye wonke ezokuthutha iphayiphi. Manje e-Russia kukhona ezintathu Isizikithi uwoyela: Timan-Pechersk, eVolga-Urals naseNtshonalanga eSiberia. Lesi sakamuva base - kwekulu eRussia. Itholakala izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye ine indawo 3.5 million amakhilomitha square. Futhi imithombo base manje zinyatheliswa 70% azo zonke uwoyela Russian. Futhi nakuba ezingeni umkhiqizo kawoyela kwehle njalo iminyaka ngeminyaka, imboni umkhakha esindayo namanje uhlala omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu futhi inzuzo-Russia.