Hlela iqoqo amandla ukhonkolo: izici, izinhlobo, ubuchwepheshe kanye izinkomba zokuveza indlela yokusebenza

Omunye izinkomba ebalulekile izinga ukhonkolo izenzo amandla. Uma uzijwayeze nezidingo namazinga isimo, kungenzeka ukuthola ulwazi mayelana ukuthi amandla ziyahlukahluka kusuka i-M50 ku 800. Nokho, omunye brand ethandwa kakhulu kukhona ukhonkolo kusukela M100 500.

isheduli sokwelapha

Isixazululo of ukhonkolo isikhathi esithize ngemva ethela ngeke zithole oyifunayo ukusebenza izakhiwo. Lesi sikhathi isikhawu ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, kungase kwenziwe emva isicelo ungqimba zokuzivikela. Luhlelo setha amandla ukhonkolo ikhombisa isikhathi lapho impahla kuyofinyelela ezisezikhundleni eziphakeme kunazo zonke amandla. Uma izimo ezivamile zigcinwa ke kuyothatha izinsuku 28.

Izinsuku zokuqala ezinhlanu - isikhathi ngesikhathi lapho kuyoba uye wakwenza lukhuni. Kodwa ngezinye izinsuku ezingu-7 uma sekuphothulwe impahla ifinyelela amandla 70%. umsebenzi wokwakha ephakeme Kunconywa ukuba uqale sifikile amandla ngokuphelele kulokho okwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-28. Luhlelo setha amandla ukhonkolo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingahluka amacala ngabanye. Ukuze sithole isikhathi, kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ojwayelekile amasampula.

Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi

Uma umsebenzi Monolithic ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kwenziwe esikhathini efudumele, nokwandisa ingxube bayashintshana ekufukameleni yazuza impahla yayo ngokomzimba futhi mechanical inqubo uzodinga sisekele formwork ukwakhiwa bese ushiye ukuvuthwa emva Ukudilizwa kocingo. Hlela iqoqo amandla ukhonkolo emakhazeni zizohluka. Ukuze sifinyelele amandla grade, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka Ukushisa ngokhonkolo futhi ungangenisi amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okushisa aphansi neqhaza ukubambezela yonke polymerization.

Ukuze usethe amandla iphutha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngesikhathi ukuchayeka olutheni incishisiwe, kubalulekile ukuze ungeze izithako peskobeton ngubani vodoprotsentnoe isilinganiso incane. Uma usimende namanzi kunezelwa isilinganiso ezine komunye, usuku ke uzobe unciphe ngesigamu. Ukuze uthole umphumela onjalo ukwakheka kumele kulekelelwa plasticizers. Ingxube kungaba uvuthwe uma eyayenziwe ukukhulisa lokushisa yayo.

Ukulawula elapha

Ukuhlelela iqoqo amandla ukhonkolo uyalandelwa, okwesikhathi esithile - kuze kube ngesonto - kubalulekile ukwenza amagadango ukuqinisekisa izimo lokukuqeda isixazululo. Kuyadingeka ukufudumeza, humidify futhi itheku umswakama kanye izinto ukushisa-nangokuvikela.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukushisa kusetshenziswa izibhamu kaningi. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze ochwepheshe batusa ogelezayo nokumanzisa ebusweni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 ngemva thusi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, uma lokushisa kuma ngeke isukela 25 kuya ku-30 ° C, umklamo kungenziwa ukulayishwa.

Ukwahlukaniswa Concretes

Uma usimende isetshenziswa inqubo ukuxuba isixazululo kanye lokubolekwa bendabuko obukhulu, okuyinto vumela ukuthola izingoma esindayo, ingxube idatha ubheke amamaki-M50-M800. Uma ngaphambi grade ukhonkolo-M50-M450, ngoba zisetshenziswa nokulungiselela yayo fillers ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, ukuvumela ukuthola izingoma ukukhanya. Ukhonkolo has a brand ngaphakathi i-M50, M150, uma kulula kakhulu noma ukukhanya, kanye yeselula.

Design grade ukhonkolo kufanele azimisele at the stage of ukulungiswa imibhalo ukuze kwakhiwe into. Lesi sici unikezwa, okusekelwe ukumelana kokucindezelwa Axial e-cubes amasampula. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi ukwakhiwa designs i Axial eqine brand kasimende is ke enqunywe kwalo.

Isethi amandla ukhonkolo (setha isikhathi isheduli ukungezwani) izothatha isikhathi eside lapho sha ekuphumeni amandla compressive. Kodwa endabeni ka-ukukhula namandla high amandla izinto eqine is ekunqandeni. Kuye ngalokho indlela yokwakheka ngxube esifundeni ukusetshenziswa, futhi amandla ekilasini brand uzimisele.

I ngezinto eziqinile amaningi abhekwa njengokudla ne-brand ezilandelayo:

• I-M50.
• I-M75.
• I-M100.

Zisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezibalulekile. Lapho takhiwo esakhiwe nezakhiwo etlhoga amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ukhonkolo isetshenziswa M300 brand. Kodwa kule ukukhishwa screed kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxenye sha M200. Iningi ninamandla ukuqinisa sha oqala M500.

Bethembela lokushisa sokwelapha

Uma uhlose ukusebenzisa isixazululo ekwakheni, kumele wazi esiqintini iqoqo amandla ukhonkolo lokushisa. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukulungiselelwa kwenzeka phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa ngemva ukuxuba isixazululo. Kodwa ukuze kuphelele isinyathelo sokuqala kuyodingeka isikhathi lapho kuma lokushisa mathonya.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa inakekelwa at azungeze 20 ° C noma ngaphezulu bese kulungiselelwa kuthatha ihora. Inqubo iqala at 2 amahora ngemva ingxube ibhalwe, futhi kwaphela ngo-3 h. Isikhathi futhi ukuphothulwa isigaba snap ebandayo kuzoya kulungiselelwa uzodinga esingaphezu kosuku. Lapho izinga lokushisa kugcinwa at zero, le nqubo iqale kabusha amahora phezu 6-10 emva nokulungiselela yesixazululo, futhi lihlala kufika emahoreni angu-20 ngemuva ekubunjweni.

Kubalulekile ukwazi okwengeziwe futhi ukunciphisa viscosity. Ngo sokuqala, ikhambi uhlala ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi banethonya isinyathelo mechanical, enikeza ofiselekayo ijamo design. ukubeka isinyathelo lungaboniswa ngokusebenzisa thixotropy indlela, ezikhandla isinyathelo mechanical ku ingxube. Ukuvusa yesixazululo ngesikhathi semende inikeza isandiso esigabeni sokuqala.

Amaphesenti amandla obuphathekayo uphawu kuye lokushisa kanye nesikhathi

Starter abakhi uqobo schedule nesithakazelo setha ukhonkolo amandla B25 ° C. Kulokhu, zonke izinto kuzoncika grade kwesikhathi eziphathekako ukuqina. Uma kusetshenziswa uma ukuxuba Portland usimende ngaphakathi M 400 500, ekugcineni bakwazi ukuthola M200-300 ukhonkolo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaba usuku ngesikhathi lokushisa iphesenti yayo amandla compressive grade Ukwakheka 23. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ezintathu, leli nani kuzokhulisa ukuba 40 no-50%, ngokulandelana.

5, 7 no-14 izinsuku iphesenti amandla grade uyalingana 65, 75 no-90%, ngokulandelana. Luhlelo setha amandla ukhonkolo B30 ° C kancane eshintsha. Ngemva kosuku olulodwa amandla ababili bayoba 35 no-55% ngokulandelana esiphuzo yokubeka uphawu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ezinhlanu nesikhombisa amandla uyalingana 65, 80 no-90%, ngokulandelana. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphepha isikhathi zokulawula ilingana u-50%, kanti umsebenzi usungaqala kuphela uma amandla ukhonkolo ifinyelele uphawu 72% we ukubaluleka komkhiqizo.

Amandla ezibucayi ngokhonkolo, kuncike brand: ukubuyekeza

Ngokushesha ngemva bathele isixazululo lithola amandla ngenxa yokushisa isizukulwane, kodwa ngemva kwamanzi okokuqandisa inqubo sithule. Uma umsebenzi kulindeleke ukuba enze ebusika noma ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuze ungeze ikhambi emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ingxube. Ngemva ebeka usimende aluminous likhipha ukushisa okwengeziwe izikhathi 7 kuka abavamile Portland usimende. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ingxube lelungiselelwe ngesisekelo yalo bayothola amandla futhi at okushisa encishisiwe.

Ngesikhathi Ijubane lale nqubo ithonywa kakhulu futhi brand. Kunalokho ingaphansi kwe-ngenhla kungaba amandla ezibucayi. Luhlelo setha amandla ukhonkolo, iphetheni okuyinto kuboniswe esihlokweni libonisa ukuthi amandla ezibucayi amamaki obuphathekayo M15 150 50%. Ukuze izakhiwo eyenziwe prestressed brand ukhonkolo kusukela M200 300, lesi silinganiso kuyinto 40% yokubeka uphawu. izitembu Ukhonkolo kusukela M400 500 has a amandla ezibucayi ngaphakathi 30%.

Lukhuni ngokhonkolo esikhathini eside

Luhlelo setha amandla ukhonkolo (SNP 52-01-2003) akugcini ngenyanga. Ukuqedela inqubo elapha kungathatha iminyaka eminingana. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuchaza uphawu ukhonkolo ngemva kwamasonto 4. Ukuvikeleka design ngeke athole aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Iningi wakwenza ngokuzimisela le nqubo wabe esontweni lokuqala. Emva kwezinyanga ezingu-3, ukwanda amandla ngama-20%, ngemuva kokuthi kuphele behlisa ijubane, bakhathala kodwa hhayi wayeka. Figure kungenzeka kabili eminyakeni emithathu, sizothinta le nqubo:

• isikhathi;
• umswakama;
• lokushisa;
• grade ngokhonkolo.

Kaningi, abakhi imfundamakhwela uyazibuza kulokho isivakashi isheduli setha amandla ukhonkolo kungatholakala. Uma ubheka e GOST 18105-2010, ungafunda kabanzi ngalokhu. Kulezi imibhalo ingabe okukhulunywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa oluthinta ngqo isikhathi inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-40 ° C Inani vintage kufinyelelwe esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto. Ngakho-ke, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba sifeze umsebenzi ebusika. Ngemva kulungele ukhonkolo ngokwakho eziyinkinga yayo, ngoba lokhu udinga ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile futhi pre-bajwayelane ubuchwepheshe. Kodwa ingxube sishisiswe ezingaphezu kuka-90 ° C no-akwamukeleki nhlobo.

isiphetho

Ngemva kokubukeza esimisweni sokwelapha, ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi bula kwenzeka uma ngamandla isakhiwo ingaphezu 50% ukubaluleka komkhiqizo. Nokho, uma izinga lokushisa lehla-ambient ngezansi 10 ° C, ukubaluleka vintage kufinyelelwe nangemva 2 amaviki. Lezi izimo zezulu ukuphakamisa isidingo amalahle isixazululo yokusakaza.