Pumps Marine: izinhlobo, ngezigaba, izici, injongo

Umlando shipbuilding elisuka endulo - kukhulunywa okokuqala izakhiwo ukubhukuda babe isihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu eyinkulungwane edlule. Khona-ke abantu baragela emifuleni nasemithonjeni kwezilwandle emikhunjini inikwa amandla yi-izigwedlo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, shipbuilding enzile umgoqo omkhulu, futhi namuhla emkhakheni wezimboni usesikhundleni okuholela ekuthuthukisweni lizwe sezomnotho nesezombangazwe komkhakha.

Kuze kube manje, kwamukelwa kabanzi amatemu, owawuthi isitsha seagoing - enkulu usayizi ukubhukuda izindawo eyenzelwe ukudoba olwandle, ezokuthutha kwezimpahla noma tekutfutsa bagibeli. umkhumbi Maritime - wezempi ukubhukuda izindawo. Ukuze operation evamile yanoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo imikhumbi badinga ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa zonke izingxenye kanye nezinhlelo. Eyokuqala liyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxhashazwa elikhulu amaphampu zasolwandle, ngoba ukuhamba khona ukutshezi ezahlukene ngokusebenzisa amapayipi isitsha kwenzeka sonke isikhathi.

Kungani sidinga ngomkhumbi amaphampu?

Ekuqaleni iphampa yenzelwe kuphela ephakamisa amanzi. Imodeli lokuqala kudivayisi womkhumbi wokubacindezela ngoba ukuphampa amanzi emgodini yombango baba ibhukwana piston futha. Manje laziwa ngokuthi i-futha esenzweni. Ukwethulwa umusi izitshalo amandla emikhunjini enikeziwe ukubukeka piston amaphampu nge umusi drive.

Okunye, izinhlobo zanamuhla izindlela wokubacindezela, e shipbuilding steel ukusakaza nge ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa. A indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni amaphampu amasha eyadlalwa ukuvela motors kagesi. ukuqaliswa yabo inikezwa ukwanda ukuvama ukujikeleza kudivayisi umzimba ezisebenza, bese ekhiphela amandla.

Namuhla, amaphampu kabanzi kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho. Iyathinteka kanye shipbuilding ndawo. Okwamanje, shipbuilding zasolwandle ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo ezikhona amadivayisi ezinjalo.

Kuyini futha?

Pump - kudivayisi ezihambayo uketshezi ezingeni leliphasi kuya elingenhla. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu indlela uketshezi uyiswa lidlulisele ethile amandla noma ingcindezi ukwanda. Uhlelo eziyisisekelo zasolwandle isitsha kusetshenziswa amaphampu cishe kuyo yonke indawo: afakwe sezimiso izitshalo amandla, ngemoto wokubacindezela, nezisebenzi ukuphila ukweseka izinhlelo, njll ...

Umgomo we operation kwe-futha

Kugucula amandla lenjini zasolwandle futha amandla oketshezi ezihambayo, lezi amadivaysi abakubangelayo ukuhambisa endaweni efanele (ukukhuphuka noma ukuhambisa nendawo aluka ngaphakathi irherho le-closed). Ukudala zokuthutha kunesidingo khona ukutshezi ezithile ukusebenza, amadivayisi njenge wokubacindezela kunoma isiphi isimo kufakwe ohlelweni ukudonsa, umqondo eliyifanela ukuze amanzi noma amanzi izimo.

Umdwebo wokuhlelwa kwendikimba noma yisiphi isitsha esenziwe ukudonsa esiteshini

Njengoba indlela ukushayela kule wesifunda isebenzisa i motor ngogesi exhunywe kwi-amapayipi. uketshezi ukusebenza idwetshwa kusukela phansi echibini futhi ushukumisela ingcindezi ipayipi umugqa ungqimba engenhla ngenxa energy conversion. Amandla of uketshezi ukusebenza edabula futha uhlale mkhulu kunezinhliziyo amandla ngesikhathi itheku futha.

Ingcindezi incike kokuphuma ketshezi ukuthengisela, amandla kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo idivayisi. Limelela ethile namandla anyuswe uketshezi ukufuduka kusukela yokungena ukuze futha ngaphambi ophumayo yayo. Sikuveze ngamamitha, inquma bephakamisa ukuphakama noma ukunyakaza ibanga ejenti zokusebenza.

Izici Main zedivayisi wokubacindezela

Umjovo ketshezi libhekene umthamo yayo per unit isikhathi. I elikhulu amandla futha kuyadingeka ukuze ukhiqize ingcindezi edingekayo futhi banqobe zonke izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ezivele ngo ukugeleza uketshezi ngokusebenzisa amapayipi. Pump umthamo, obonakaliswe kW, inquma amandla idrayivu motor kanye umthamo efakwe lonke sokumpompa.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-futha inquma nokufaneleka ukusebenzisa kwayo lapho beshintsha nemingcele eziyisisekelo esiteshini ukudonsa.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa zasolwandle amaphampu

Zonke izinhlobo amaphampu afakwe emkhunjini ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka le mibandela:

• Ngokusho indawo idrayivu shaft (enezingqimba noma mpo).
• Actuator uhlobo (kagesi, ophephela nom ukushayela mshini reciprocating). I futha drive indlela kungenziwa oluhambisana ngqo idrayivu shaft noma nge igiya ukunciphisa. Kungaba ukusebenza azimele wodwa noma non-ezizimele. amaphampu yodwa kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ngaphandle nezinye amayunithi, futhi okungezona ezizimele (deadlights unamathisele) siwumsebenzi mshini abakhonza kuwo.
• By amandla ezivezwa ingcindezi (pressure ongaphakeme, umfutho ophakeme noma srednenapornye).
• Kukhona Ukwahlukaniswa amaphampu zasolwandle nezinye izinjongo. Kungenzeka ekhethekile, umkhumbi ezivamile noma okuhloswe ukusevisa izingxenye ezithile futhi izindlela we ebhukuda imoto noma umkhumbi amandla plant.

amaphampu Special lingasetshenziswa ukuhambisa yamanzi heeling noma ukunciphisa amathangi ebhukuda izindlela, zokuhamba okusamanzi wezimpahla izinsalela noma uzisuse kusukela linezingxenye wezimpahla. Ukusebenzisa kwabo angakunikeza emanzini ashisayo amadivayisi ngesigezo lezi linezingxenye. izitsha Rescue ingase ifakwe Bilge futha nemililo izitsha enamandla - umlilo iphampa ukusebenza omkhulu.

Pumps elisetshenziswa kuhlomisa isitsha ISIZINDA main nasizayo ezisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni futhi esebenza kahle kulezi zingxenye. Zivame linamathele umshini futhi kubhayela linezingxenye nezitshalo amandla. Lezi zihlanganisa: fuel-ukudonsa, fuel, amafutha, okunomsoco, condensate, amanzi kanye nezinye izinhlobo amadivaysi.

amaphampu Marine nezici zabo

Kuye isimiso yokusebenza akhayo ukufuduka amaphampu - vane, igiya, isikulufa. Amaphampu kungenzeka centrifugal noma jet. Bangakwazi oluthathwa by inhloso hlobo ukusetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona isikebhe sizinze amaphampu, Bilge, okunomsoco (esetshenziselwa amanzi noma amafutha supply ohlelweni Ukupholisa), izicishamlilo, ingcindezi kanye nabanye. Ingqikithi yalo futha volumetric kuyinto ehlukile gqwa supply inani uketshezi wokubacindezela esuka egumbini ukuncela ekamelweni kokucindezelwa.

Umqulu elula izindlela wokubacindezela ezibhekwa rotary-piston amaphampu. amaphampu Reciprocating ngokuvamile asetshenziswa umkhumbi jikelele izinhlelo, amadivayisi emphemeni hydraulically netindlela, uhlelo yenjini futhi inkonzo eziqondisa imishini main.

amaphampu centrifugal amadivayisi isinyathelo hydrodynamic. The main yokusebenza umzimba lapho isondo ujikelezisa lapho kukhona blade noma vane. Kuyinto ba abadlula ketshezi amandla adingekayo kanye ukuqondisa ukugeleza. Lezi amadivayisi unikeze jet ukusakaza okuqhubekayo uketshezi, ngamanye amazwi, ukugeleza kuyinto iyunifomu. On kokunikeza ukusebenza uketshezi (futha umthamo) kuthinta ubukhulu nesivinini ukujikeleza impeller. diameters enkulu impeller at ngesivinini ukujikeleza inikeza ephakeme ukusebenza wokubacindezela indlela.

amaphampu centrifugal kukhona zangena okuqhubekayo ngakho-ke ukufana supply. Okuphakelayo (throughput) kuncike impeller futha imvamisa ukujikeleza of Ubukhulu bayo: elikhulu ububanzi futhi impeller ijubane ukujikeleza, ayanda ukusebenza kwe-futha. Isikhathi esining impela, amaphampu centrifugal usebenze multiwheel kwenziwe ukwandisa ukugeleza ketshezi.

Ngu ibhekisela kulesi ukusebenza ejenti isiqondiso vane amaphampu zihlukaniswe centrifugal futhi Axial (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi bendiza). Lokhu kubuye vortex amadivayisi wokubacindezela. Ngo centrifugal futhi vortex iphampa uketshezi ukusebenza zingasuswa radially nasesikhathini Axial (bendiza) - kanye eksisi kushaft.

Amandla jet futha ihlinzekwa kanye umfudlana uketshezi ukusebenza (liquid noma isisi). Amandla bezikhali flow umlomo wombhobho we futha iguqulwe ibe energy kinetic. Ngenxa ngesivinini ukugeleza ukusebenza ekusakazeni ekamelweni ukuncela, umenzeli zokusebenza ngokwayo entrains ketshezi noma igesi zikhishwe ekamelweni. Ukugeleza okuxubile eshayela phakathi kwezinye komsele osenyameni ngokusebenzisa diffuser. Ikhono ukuncela ezomile nokudalwa futha operation cleaner okusezingeni eliphezulu anganikeza kwamanzi. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle eliphansi lolu hlobo non-ezizimele kanye amaphampu kukhona ukuntula kwabo.

Jet futha for uzotshala uketshezi wokubacindezela, m. E. Ukukhuphula umfutho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-injector. Umjovo amaphampu avame ukusetshenziswa amandla umusi generator emiphongolweni emincane. Injectors ngokuthi jet amaphampu, ukuqinisekisa ukumuncwa uketshezi ukusebenza. Zisetshenziswa yokususa emoyeni noma condensate kusuka kunoma iyiphi amakamelo noma amayunithi.

izinhlobo

A owande kakhulu kudivayisi wokubacindezela kuyinto igiya futha (NS). I element Element kuyinto pair of amasondo toothed elise zezindlu uphawu. Lapho amasondo uqale ukujikisa, amazinyo awekho yoxhumana nabo, futhi udale ukwanda ngevolumu uketshezi lumuncwa itheku aphansi. Iqoqwana ubuningi uketshezi engenayo kancane kancane buthelela esikhaleni phakathi kwamasondo ayingilizayo futhi ecindezelwe uhlangothi lwazo zangaphandle. Njengoba i-ejenti ukusebenza agelezela ekamelweni kokucindezelwa luqhubeke outputting umlomo wombhobho. Lolu hlobo lomkhumbi amaphampu elisetshenziswa uzotshala uketshezi viscous ngokuhle yezihlanganisi izici ezifana fuel noma uwoyela.

Intulo iphampa emikhunjini futhi basonta ivolumu. Kuye enanini lama-elementi asetshenziwe futha, ukuhlukanisa esalisekela, nobujamo, amathathu- noma idivayisi mnogovintovye.

Lapho ukujikeleza ukushayela kushaft ujikelezisa isikulufa wenza ngokunyakaza eyinkimbinkimbi owakheka uketshezi ukusebenza ngokufaka kusukela ipayipi ukuncela engena isikhala mezhvintovoe. Lapho ligijima screw engela ezithile kuzo zombili ejenti ukusebenza ikhiyiwe egumbini isikulufa. Umsebenzi nezikulufi kuholela ukudonsa ukusebenza uketshezi ku emgqeni ingcindezi. Uma uketshezi luyakha kakhulu, futhi kukhona ukwanda ingcindezi ekamelweni kokucindezelwa ivula ukuphepha Isivalo esikhethekile - uketshezi olunqwabelene is kabusha emuva egumbini itheku.

Isimiso ezisebenza we mpo centrifugal futha isitsha esekelwe ukulokhu ketshezi ukusebenza. Umzimba ukusebenza kuyinto Rotor futha nge izindwani ezikhethekile njó ujikelezisa drive kushaft. Eliqhutshwa i motor ngogesi. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, centrifugal futha drive amandla adluliselwe kulolu ketshezi izindwani ligijima. Uma lokhu ingcindezi oyifunayo owadalwa kubo, ngaphansi isenzo okuyinto olunikezwa ukuhamba ejenti ukusebenza kusukela itheku ukuze yokuxhuma.

Kuqondile multistage amaphampu centrifugal zisetshenziswa cishe yonke indawo kuwo wonke izitshalo amandla. amaphampu multistage asetshenziselwa imikhumbi lapho kunendingeko ukudala ophakeme ezindaweni. Umgomo we operation amadivayisi enjalo ukuthi ketshezi ifinyelele ingcindezi kuyadingeka esigabeni esisodwa, ogeleza udlule e-ipayipi ukuze outputting esigabeni esilandelayo, lapho ingcindezi yayo luyanda futhi.

Kuye umthamo, amaphampu angase abe design ehlukene. Huge amandla injector amaphampu, emathangini avuzayo ezinkulu ongafinyelela oda amashumi ezinkulungwane amathani ketshezi ngehora.

Injongo futha isitsha

Pumps emikhunjini kudingeka amanzi olwandle, noma uwasebenzise ezahlukene eziyisisekelo izinhlelo ukubhukuda izindlela. Ngokuvamile, lezi jikelele ship system, njenge:

• Fire.
• Amanzi.
• Ukupholisa
• Yenhlanzeko.
• Bilge.
• Okusimamisa.

Ukhiye uhlelo ukubhukuda izindlela, lapho kuthiwa wasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlamvu amaphampu

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha umlilo kumele kube umlilo futha womkhumbi ebhodini isitsha ngasinye. Ngokuvamile, lezi amayunithi kukhona icwecwe futhi engasindi. Ukuba zibhekane ngokuphumelelayo umlilo futhi ngokushesha ukuthola isikhungo, futha kumele waqala ngokushesha. Uma le futha umlilo kumele anikeze ingcindezi edingekayo tetinkhombamagama ukunikeza jet enamandla yamanzi.

Endabeni yokugcwalisa ozihlanganisa amanzi asolwandle isicelo zasolwandle Bilge futha. Ngokusho mithetho yokuphepha ngokudoba noma ezokuthutha isitsha kumele kube amaphampu okungenani ezimbili Bilge. kukhona amaphampu ezintathu lwemivubukulo lwemikhumbi umgibeli. Futhi omunye wabo kumele nkinga, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinye ezimbili nezinye izinjongo, kodwa kufanele zifakwe jikelele uhlelo omiswe.

Kwembulunga noma ukubanda uhlelo edingekayo ukuze bafudumale noma ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa yokusebenza ezindaweni umkhumbi ukufaka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokunikeza fuel i yangaphakathi omlilo injini kubalulekile ukuhlanza bese ukushisa. Kodwa amafutha lubricating kumele, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, epholile. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi uketshezi ukusebenza liqinisekiswa amaphampu ekhethekile.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala ukhululekile izisebenzi kuyadingeka sanitary isitsha uhlelo. Umthelela izinhlelo ezifana ukunikeza amaphampu sanitary. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kwenzeka ukuphuza amanzi supply noma ukuncela yamanzi nezindlu zangasese.

Uhlelo isikebhe sizinze isetshenziselwa ukuqeda futhi ngokugcwalisa amathangi isikebhe sizinze isitsha amanzi olwandle.