Gun Khweza "Nona". wezikhali waseRussia self ezinezinjini

Ngisho e iminyaka yokugcina eSoviet Union ngaphansi amasosha Army waqala yokuncipha kokubaluleka VDV babe ibutho elikhulu, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se zonke izingxabano wendawo endaweni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Futhi ukuzonda ngesizathu esihle, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi bamukela imfundiso kaZiqu sinquma ukusetshenziswa amasosha, "Malume Vasya" njengendlela yokuthola isiteleka pre-emptive. Ngokucace efakazelwe berets blue ePrague ngo-1968 kanye izenzakalo Afghanistan.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa ezinye imishini hhayi okuningi BMD navoyuesh: paratroopers bawadinga ngokuphuthumayo izikhali, uyakwazi ukumelana babephuma ngamafasitela indiza, kodwa inamandla ukulwa, okungafaniswa wezikhali izinhlelo. Kungaba ukunikeza kuphela wezikhali, ukusebenza kanye paratroopers.

Lapho besenkonzweni kwakungamadodana ukufakwa ACS-57 ASU-85, ayehloselwe ukucindezela isitha kungenzeka esindayo izimoto zempi. ukusebenza yabo kwaba ngempela eyamukelekayo ngokokuqala, kodwa ukufika njengoba enjalo ngoba ukuthunyelwa zabo esihlatshiwe lingasetshenziswanga: ASU kwakudingeka zithululwe ngokucophelela kusukela indiza, yahlala airfield. Yiqiniso, ukuthi mayelana kuyamangaza kuleli cala, inkulumo abakwazanga ukuya.

Qala ekuthuthukiseni imishini emisha

Yiqiniso, isimo esikhona manje akunakwenzeka ubambe umyalo omkhulu. umyalo: ukuqala ukuklama emshinini bazokwazi ngokugcwele ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezibekwe ngenhla. Ngakho kwaba khona isibhamu ukukhweza, "Nona". Yiqiniso, okwenzeka ngisho nakanye nje.

Ukuthuthukiswa Its waqala ngo-60s, futhi BMD-1 lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela platform. Entsha isibhamu self ezinezinjini wayeke codenamed 2C2 "Violet". Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi lokhu kuyisizathu esinamandla 122-mm isibhamu, eyayihunyushwe "utsheleke" kusukela ACS "uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi" umane ebhubhisa esintengayo kakhulu kuye chassis BMD. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubhekakade chassis yasungulwa 120-mm nosimende self ezinezinjini "Lily of the Valley", kodwa amanye amabanga efanayo yokuthi ayizange sasebenzisa.

Uchungechunge "izinto"

Maphakathi nawo-70s e Volgograd amaphrojekthi ngokuyinhloko amathangi entsha ukukhanya, elakhelwe yokusingatha izidingo VDV ( "Into 934" futhi "Into 685") zadalwa. izingalo zabo eziyinhloko has a enamandla 100 mm inganono. Ngeshwa, ngenxa ezinye amaphutha design futhi umehluko nabathuthukisi, nabo akayanga chungechunge. Inkinga kuhlomisa amabutho ezinamaphiko wezikhali mobile baba libukhali.

"Nona" Ukuzalwa

Nokho, phakathi naleyo minyaka engu ku izingalo amabutho sisemoyeni namanje benza BTR-D. Ngokuphambene, BMD efanayo (ngesisekelo ngalo sidalwe), inqubo entsha kwaba ephakamisa okungaphezu kwalokho, njengoba chassis ubudala ladluliselwa eyodwa ukwesekwa roller.

Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe kusukela Central Research Institute of ngokunemba ubunjiniyela, kanye nabaqambi edume we Perm "Motovilikha", ikhumbula zonke isenzakalo esingajabulisi ozakwabo, ngikudalile brand new 120-mm isibhamu 2A51. ubunjalo laso laba ukuthi ngesisekelo izikhali ungase udale wezikhali uhlelo jikelele, okwakuba khona kuyo yonke uhla izimfanelo ezinhle ezigqulweni, kwaqhuma futhi howitzers.

Entsha isibhamu self ezinezinjini, esungulwe ngesisekelo lesi isibhamu, ngokuthi ACS 2S9 "Nona C". Kunenkolelo eyandile, nakuba igama lakhe akuthola abanye ugqozi umklami abakhulu, kodwa yonke into ngiyithola prosaic okuningi: ". Okusha Gun phansi wezikhali" igama imele

Umehluko oyinhloko kusuka kwamanye amasampula

Yiqiniso, abaningi nauseam emathunjini omhlaba ibinzana "ayinalo analogue emhlabeni." Kodwa uma sicabangela ACS 2S9 "Nona C", bese isitembu ezingaphezu kuka fair.

Ubunjalo (futhi, leli gama kuyafaneleka kuleli cala) kohlelo ukuthi ujabulela Ubukhulu nesizotha kakhulu, inikeza kakhulu amandla umlilo enkundleni yempi, kodwa namanje ingasetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni izinhlobo eziningana izikhali! Okokuqala, isibhamu ukukhweza, "Nona" Awukwazi ngokuqiniseka kuphela yokuvimbela isitha elihamba, kodwa ngisho ukulwa amathangi isitha. Ikakhulu izici njengoba umxhwele Sau ubophekile yasakazwa ububanzi ezicitshwayo.

amathuluzi Mayelana esetshenziswa

Khona-ke, nomlilo ukufakwa projectiles "Nona", izici zazo ngezansi?

ephezulu alufakwa imishini wezikhali kuphawuleka ngokukhethekile. ububanzi Maximum - cishe 9 amakhilomitha, futhi ngenxa ongaphakeme (akukho kuka 360 m / s) we velocity kokuqala kanye kuqhubeke ethize umlilo abangakwenza "kwezihibe." Ikakhulukazi abaziphethe kahle abasibonise e-Afghanistan, lapho isitha wakwazi ukushaya out maqembu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngisho ngokujoyina nabo ngqo umlilo contact. On ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwalezindlela amagobolondo in a phansi kunabaphostoli kancane ukuze analogue howitzer 152 mm, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ibutho lamazwe yethu, futhi phakathi angamalungu e-NATO.

Ngakho, ukufakwa "Nona", okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni - isifanekiso okuyingqayizivele ngempela kokuphila izikhali.

ezimayini

Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile (ngokuya imisebenzi ethize Airborne), okuyinto ubuncane ububanzi okungenzeka ukusetshenziswa projectile ezinjalo kuba 1.7 km, nezami - 400 metres. Njengoba amathuluzi izici evumela usebenzisa indinganiso 120-mm amagobolondo, paratroopers etholakalayo sonke ehlukahlukene yasakazwa. Ezivamile ephezulu alufakwa kwehlukana okwami wezikhali ukufakwa "Nona" engaciba at 7.3 km. Inzuzo enkulu isibhamu ukuthi uvumela ngaphandle ushintsho ukusebenzisa noma isiphi 120-mm amagobolondo nosimende amazwe.

ezicitshwayo

Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, lo izinhlamvu kungabandakanya rocket-basiza projectile. design yabo ifakwe injini jet, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba nomlilo ngenxa amakhilomitha 13. Kuleli qhaza lethu ukubeka "Nona", izithombe olutholakalayo isihloko, lingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo esetshenziselwa izikhali ezibangela, umsebenzi kabani main ukubhubhisa zempi esindayo wesitha.

Kumele waphawula ikakhulukazi ezicitshwayo guided ezingasetshenziswa ngokuzimela unxenxelwe ngenhloso ngokusebenzisa pointer laser. Beshaya amathangi nezinye ogandaganda kusukela phezulu, ku olungavikelekile kakhulu ingxenye. Amathuba yokubhubhisa target kulokhu okungenani 0.8-0.9. Lolu hlobo munition ibizwa ngokuthi "Kitolov-2." Liphinde kungenziwa ngokuphumelelayo esetshenziswa ACS "Nona", izithombe zazo uzobona kulesi sihloko.

Nokho, kungaba ezivamile amagobolondo ezuziwe esetshenziswa ukulwa ne izimoto zempi. Lapho Isivinini kokuqala 560 m / s kufinyelelwa ukunemba akwamukeleki isitha art at amabanga of ikhilomitha elilodwa, kanye nekhono emsini 600 mm zempi eyohlobo kusikisela ukuthi nesikimu yabo kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ukunqotshwa zonke zamanje MBT Cishe abaphikisi.

Izici ukulayisha indlela

Njengoba usebenzisa imizuzu ezindaweni eziphakeme abalulekile - kakhulu zabasebenzi umsebenzi okunzulu mshini nezisebenzi ukulayisha iye unikezwe ekhethekile ramming uhlelo nesebenzela emoyeni onomfutho. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi kungenzeka module esebenzisa 2S9 "Nona", yafunwa ngemva esingu ngamunye ukuqothula umgqomo, okuyinto iyehlisa intuthu egumbini nezisebenzi, okwandisa induduzo crew.

Ezinye Ukucaciswa

Njengoba isibhamu self ezinezinjini sidalwe benethuba kokwehla yayo, abaklami kwadingeka ukuba Ubuningi bamahora lula ukwakhiwa. Njengoba indaba ka a aluminium ingxubevange ekhethekile elasetshenziselwa yokubhuka, okuyinto, nokho, ivikela kahle iqembu izikhali-izibhamu umlilo. Ilula futhi amanzi nemithi ukunikeza buoyancy omuhle, kanjalo "Nona" ingakwazi lokuthuthukisa izithiyo amanzi.

Amandla injini diesel - 240 l / s izinga nokunokwethenjelwa ukumiswa hydropneumatic ivumela ACS "Nona" abahlakazekile ngemgwaco kuya ku-60 km / h, namanzi --9 km / h. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le control ukumiswa ivumela uma kuphakama isidingo ukwehlisa ukuphakama zempi ngu 35 cm.

Amanye akhula

Ngemva Afghanistan yembula ukuthi isibhamu ukukhweza, "Nona" - esinamandla kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa uyajabula kanjalo nalabo abamele izinhlobo ezahlukene amabutho, baye baveza isifiso sabo sokuba uthole into efana izikhali lonke izwe elihamba Armed Forces amayunithi. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi yayilokhu kwemukelwe inkonzo towed 2B16 ACS "Nona-K."

Ngenxa nomlomo ukubopha layo eliyingqayizivele, okwenza kungabi kuze kube 1/3 ukufinyela amandla, isibhamu zaphumela ukwenza kungenzeka elula. Isisindo sayo ingeqi 1,200 amakhilogramu. Cishe zonke ingxenye ithuluzi kungenziwa eligoqiwe, okuyinto kusiza kakhulu kwezokuthutha kanye ukuthunyelwa nasesimweni esingesihle. It yakhelwe ukuhambisa imoto Gaz-66, kodwa empirically liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi umgwaqo ucishe ehloniphekile kusukela ukuthutha wakhe ukusingatha ngisho UAZ-469. Njengoba emikhawulweni emizileni yilezi ezinamasondo, uma kunesidingo, isibhamu singenakukwazi ukuhambahamba empini iphoqa ukubala yayo.

Enye okufana chassis

Ngo Perm, beqondiswa abanamakhono Yuri Kalachnikova 2S23 "Nona SVK" yadalwa ngo-1990.

Chassis kule samuntu, i-BTR-80. Ukuze uvumelane ithuluzi elisha phandle lapho, kuye kwadingeka ukuba sibuyekeze ngokuphelele design of the umbhoshongo empeleni ukudala ngalo sisitsha. Inzuzo enkulu yayiwukuthi umxhwele ivolumu sangaphakathi APCs izindlu, lapho wakwazi ukwandisa Ammunition 2S9 "Nona" kuze kube 30 isibhamu. Ngo izimo ezifanayo ukulwa projectiles kungaba ngokoqobo amaphuzu zonke kuleli gumbi engangikulo lixuku, lapho eminye kukhulisa inani lokhu kulungiselelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi kokudubula ezikhundleni wamboza ukwakhiwa "Nona SVK" Element amagobolondo umhlaba kwahlanganiswa.

ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ezengeziwe

Ukuhlinzeka firepower eyengeziwe, umbhoshongo Abaklami ngaphezu kwalokho efakwe machine gun PKT 7,62 mm, okungase ezilawula isibhamu nomyali. Ukuze ezengeziwe kwezikhali izinhlamvu nezisebenzi kuhlanganisiwe MPADS ezine "Needle", ezine-AK-74 (noma analog), nanhlanu garnet (RGD noma F-1, kuye ngokuthi isimo). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbhoshongo ukukhwezwa amabhomu iziqhumane yentuthu amabhomu.

Ngakho, "Nona" - izikhali, inikeza ikhambi ebangeni okubanzi combat ohambweni ukuthi kungenziwa kuphela babelwe iyiphi elihamba noma indawo esincike uxhumano.

Izici omuhle we chassis entsha

Ngokusetshenziswa chassis we BTR-80 wakwazi ukwenza ngcono isivinini kanye maneuverability umshini omusha. Okokuqala, ngesivinini esiphezulu senyuselwa 60 km / h, kanti ububanzi Cruising manje 600 km. Ngaphezu kwalokho, chassis ezinamasondo we BTR-80 ezithembeke kakhulu phakathi kokudlulisela amabutho olude: zonke amakhilomitha 600 umshini kukuhambele kahle ngaphansi kwamandla abo, ngaphandle umonakalo futhi shutdowns ophoqelelwe.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, chassis ejwayelekile kakhulu kunciphisa tindleko ukugcinwa kanye abaqeqeshwayo, kakhulu ziyancipha, kunciphise nezindleko. Kuze kube manje, siye usebonisile ukuthi imishini ngesisekelo the BTR-80 abiza izikhathi 1.5-2 kancane Kuyabiza kuka "Nona" esekelwe BRDM-1.

ukuguqulwa nosimende

Kuze kube manje, wadala ukukhanya semi nosimende "Nona-M", ukushaja Kwenziwa ne breech. isisindo salo yokuthi ukubala kungaba e Ngemizuzwana ahlukanisa ke bese ukuhambisa noma ekhaya noma uyiswe ku iphakethe izilwane futhi izimoto. Lokhu kwenza "Nona-M" isikhali esisemqoka isimo sezwe ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe futhi sezintaba.

okutholakele

Namuhla, "Nona" ayinalo analogue emhlabeni ngamandla nokuvumelana nezimo ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izimo ukulwa. Njengoba umshini isebenzisa lahlukene projectiles oluvamile olusetshenziswa Army Armed Forces, ukusebenza yayo inkulu ngokulinganayo kunoma yisiphi yaseshashalazini kwemisebenzi. Amathuba amabhethri "Nona" abanjalo ukuba ashiye amakhaya kude ngemuva ejwayelekile nosimende izibalo ngomshini elihamba amayunithi. Ngakho, "Nona" - izikhali akudingeki analogue ebuthweni Russian.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke impumelelo eziye zasetshenziswa ekudalweni futhi ukuguqulwa, "Nona", ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa abaklami bethu ukwethulwa wezikhali izinhlelo ngokuyinhloko entsha.

Okunye ukufakwa self ezinezinjini of Russian

Cishe kungenzeka uthole oyiphutha wokuthi isibhamu self ezinezinjini "Nona" - kuphela isikhali kuleli kilasi, kwaba enkonzweni wezwe lakithi. Lena akuyona ngakho.

"Vienna"

Analogue yokumiswa kubhekwe kuyinto "Vienna", ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo ohlelweni kuchazwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, 'Nona ", kwase kunesiqiniseko ngesisekelo the BMP-3. Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, bebehlome ngezibhamu 120 mm. Maye, nazo zonke izinto zawo (kwenyuke nabezokuphepha, isibonelo), "Vienna" futhi namuhla elikhona ibutho mhlawumbe amakhophi olulodwa.

Yini enye wezikhali self ezinezinjini Russian? Ngomqondo onabile, awayona kancane ngakho. Asibhale ayinhloko:

• 2C19 "MSTA C".

• 2C1 "uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi".

• 2S3 "Acacia".

• 2S5 "eseshumi" futhi 2S25 "Sprut-SD".

Zonke amasampula ngenhla, ngaphandle "ingwane" - howitzers esindayo, insimbi eyisisekelo kokuba ubukhulu 152 mm. imisebenzi yabo athé ukwehluka kulawo eyenziwa isibhamu self ezinezinjini "Nona". Ngakho, injongo yabo eyinhloko is ngokudubula kusukela isikhundla avaliwe noma ukubhujiswa izikhundla isitha enezivikelo eziqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, e Grozny ngo-1995 kwaba ukufakwa "MSTA C" wayisebenzisa ukucindezela izivikelo isitha in ukujula.

Zonke wezikhali self ezinezinjini Russian sihluke Western zabo nozakwabo ubunye nomunye futhi ne-T-72 MBT (ne-T-90, ngokulandelana). Lokhu isimo inikeza kokubili ukukhanda elula, futhi izindleko ongaphakeme wokusebenza.