I T-80U nge injini yegesi ophephela: kanye Ukucaciswa fuel

Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba cishe yonke MBT (main impi amathangi) zomhlaba abe injini diesel. Kukhona kuphela ngaphandle kwababili: T-80U futhi "Abrams". Yini azicabangele ongoti Soviet, ukudala "vosmidesyatki" odumile, futhi yini amathemba walo mshini manje?

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Ngokokuqala ngqá ezifuywayo T-80U wakhululwa ngo-1976, futhi ngo-1980 bakhe "Abrams" wenza amaMelika. Kuze kube manje, kuphela Russia nase-United States bebehlome ngezinqola zempi we igesi ophephela amandla plant. Ukraine musa acabangele, ngoba kukhona kuphela behlome ngemibese T-80UD, inguqulo udizili we "vosmidesyatok" abadumile.

Konke kwaqala ngo-1932 lapho ehhovisi design okuqondene Kirov ifektri lahlelwa e-USSR. Kwakuthinta ezibilinini zakhe wazalwa umbono yokudala ithangi ngokuyinhloko entsha ifakwe igesi ophephela amandla plant. Kuyinto kusukela lesi sinqumo kwakuxhomeke onjani fuel ithangi T-80U izosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo: udizili ezivamile noma kaphalafini.

UMklami abadumile zh. Ya. Kotin, obesebenza kusakhiwo esesabekayo ISov, ngesikhathi esisodwa wacabanga mayelana nokudala izimoto ezinamandla kakhudlwana futhi kangcono ahlomile. Pho egxila kuya injini yegesi ophephela? Iqiniso ukuthi wayehlose ukwakha ithangi enesisindo ku ezahlukene amathani 55-60 okwesikhathi ukuhamba ejwayelekile ukuthi kudingeka motor nomthamo amalitha hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1,000. a. Ngaleyo minyaka of enjalo diesel izinjini kuphela baphupha. Yingakho, futhi kwadingeka umbono ka afake zezindiza kanye shipbuilding ubuchwepheshe (ie SDT) e ethangini.

Kakade ngo-1955, kwaqala umsebenzi amasampula amabili ethembisa zadalwa. Kodwa-ke kwaba sobala ukuthi onjiniyela we Kirov isitshalo, ngaphambi ukudala izinjini imikhumbi kuphela, wayengakuqondi ngokugcwele umsebenzi kwezobuchwepheshe. Umsebenzi lunqunyiwe, bese wayeka ngokuphelele, njengoba N. S. Hruschev ngokuphelele "screwed Inkulumo ethi" yonke ukuthuthukiswa amathangi esindayo. Ngakho ngaleso sikhathi kubonakale T-80U, injini zazo uhlukile, kwakungadingeki ibukeke ngale ndlela.

Nokho, zisimangalele ngamanga Nikita Sergeyevich, kulesi simo-ke akudingekile: parallel liye babhikisha, futhi diesel esizayo, ngokumelene okuyinto ngokungagwegwesi wabheka ngempela ongahluziwe GTD maloobeschayusche. Yini engingayisho, uma "bhalisiwe" ethangini ukukhiqizwa, lokhu injini kungenzeka kuphela 80s kwekhulu elidlule, futhi ngisho nanamuhla amandla anjalo amayunithi esimweni sengqondo eziningi zamasosha kodwa ayikhanyi kakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezizathu inhloso ngempela.

Ukuqhubeka

Konke kwashintsha ngemva kokudalwa kuka kuqala MBT emhlabeni, Kojima baba T-64. Ngokushesha, abaklami beqaphela ukuthi lo muntu neliphelele ngokwengeziwe ethangini zingenziwa kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo ... Kodwa ubunzima kwaba nezidingo elawula ukubeka phambili ngobuholi wezwe: kufuze obumbene ne imishini ekhona, singadluli ubungako bawo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwazi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela "nigxumagxume kuyi-English Channel."

Bese lonke futhi sikhumbule SDT, njengoba powerplant bomdabu T-64 kwaba kakade izidingo isikhathi kakhulu okungaguquki. Yingaleso sikhathi Ustinov Sinqume ukudala T-80U. I-fuel main kanye injini ethangini esisha esasinalo ukulikhuthaza njengoba izici ngesivinini.

kobunzima

Inkinga enkulu ukuthi powerplant entsha nge air cleaner edingekayo ukuze ngandlela-thile ukuze kuhlaliswe ejwayelekile Mto T-64A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKhomishane edingekayo ohlelweni block: ngamanye amazwi, injini kwakudingeka wenziwe ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele futhi wathathelwa indawo entsha lalisalungiswa. Ngaphandle imali, yebo, isikhathi esiningi kulo. Futhi uma GTE kuqhathaniswa compact ke yayilula, emoyeni yokuhlanza uhlelo onjiniyela zilethwe eziningi ikhanda.

Kodwa le misele kubaluleke kakhulu, ngisho ithangi udizili, ingasaphathwa igesi ophephela yayo Analogue ku T-80U. Noma iluphi uhlobo fuel esetshenziswa, ikhaba ophephela isitshalo slag futhi uwohloke kweso lemva uma emoyeni engena ekamelweni omlilo ngeke ngokwanele bahlanza of ukungcola elonakalisayo ke.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke Abaklami injini bafune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ngokufaka amasilinda noma ukusebenza egumbini ophephela iye bahlanza kusuka uthuli ngu-100%. Futhi kulula ukuqonda, njengoba uthuli ngokoqobo sidlile izibilini yenjini. Eqinisweni, it uba lokukhuhla esihle.

prototypes

Ngo-1963, i-Morozov eziyihlazo sidalwe prototype T-64T, okuyinto wamiswa igesi ophephela injini nge namandla amalitha 700 nesizotha. a. Kakade ngo-1964, nabaqambi kusukela Tagil, abasebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa LN Kartseva wadala injini okuningi phambili, obekungatholakala ekhishwe "amahhashi" 800.

Kodwa abaklami, e laseKharkov, futhi Nizhny Tagil wayebhekene isethi eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinkinga lobuchwepheshe, ngenxa okuyinto amathangi wokuqala Russian nge gas ophephela injini ayengase avele kuphela 80s. Ekugcineni injini ezinhle ngempela lithole kuphela T-80U. Okokhelekayo esetshenziselwa izinhlamvu zakhe ukuthengisela, futhi eqhathanisa kahle motor kusukela prototypes ekuseni, njengoba ethangini zingase zisebenzise zonke izinhlobo ezivamile diesel.

Asazi ngephutha ngesineke uthuli phezulu izici, njengoba kuyinkinga izinga lomoya uhlanzekile isibe nzima kakhulu. I onjiniyela kwadingeka umuzwa omuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukeni abaphehla ugesi ngoba ezinophephela emhlane, izinjini ... kodwa ezinophephela emhlane eziqhutshwa njalo, futhi umbuzo enothuli ukungcoliswa komoya ngesikhathi ibambene umsebenzi wabo akazange ame nhlobo. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi waqhubeka (Isimanga siwukuthi) kuphela nokufakwa Khrushchev, Breda missile ethangini.

Kakhulu "iphila" sasisihlanganyela of "Dragon." Ukuze kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ephezulu amandla injini.

izinto zokuhlola

Ngokuvamile, akumangalisi ukuthi kwakungakabi njengebalulekile yemishini enjalo iye ukuhamba, compactness futhi zingabonisi ngalé ongaphakeme anda. Ngo-1966, abaklami wanquma ukuya enye indlela futhi wethulwa emphakathini ukuze mklamo, inhliziyo lapho kade ezimbili GTD-350, ngokukhipha, njengoba kulula ukukuqonda, 700 amalitha. a. Amandla isitshalo elakhiwa ngo-NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, okuyinto ngaleso sikhathi kwadingeka ochwepheshe abanolwazi wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa abaphehla ugesi ngoba izindiza nemikhumbi. Bona ngokuvamile, futhi wadala T-80U, injini zazo ngesikhathi sawo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa eyingqayizivele ngempela.

Kodwa kungakabiphi kwaba sobala ukuthi ngisho eyodwa GTD - kuyinto kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunalokho ezingezwakali, ngisho Spark yabo futhi akanawo nhlobo inzuzo phezu ezivamile eyodwa isiqeshana wesifunda. Futhi ngakho ngo-1968 liye wakhipha isimemezelo esemthethweni uHulumeni Ministry USSR Wezokuvikela ukuze uqhube umsebenzi yigoli. Maphakathi nawo-70s wayekulungele ithangi, eyaziwa kamuva emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi nesiqu T-80U.

Izici Key

Leli lungiselelo (njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-T-64 ne-T-72) we-classic, ne bakhulise Mto crew - abantu abathathu. Ngokungafani onobuhle langaphambilini, lapha mehvoda inikezwe eyisitezi ezintathu nje, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala. Noma kunjalo Amazing I-amathangi yasekhaya zokunethezeka njengoba emsebenzini ukufuthelana, lapho iye yatholakala ngezincwadi.

Inzuzo ukuthi ukushisa kusukela ophephela kukhanya kwaba ngokuchichimayo. Ngakho ukuthi T-80U igesi ophephela injini kufanele intandokazi emathangini avuzayo, njengoba iqembu ukusebenza izimo kuwo ukhululekile okuningi, uma uqhathanisa kulo mshini ne-T-64/72.

Leli bhokisi senziwa Welding, umbhoshongo ephonswa, i-engeli ishidi ukuthambekela kuyinto degrees 68. Njengoba ne-T-64, ehlangana zempi sakhiwa zempi steel futhi izitsha zobumba iye yasetshenziswa. Ngenxa a engeli okunengqondo kuthambekela futhi ukushuba ethangini T-80U inikeza amathuba ephakeme izisebenzi sokusinda ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kunazo ensimini.

Kukhona uhlelo evuthiwe ukuvikelwa mass ekubhujisweni izikhali crew, kuhlanganise izikhali zenuzi. Layout ukulwa gumbi cishe ngokuphelele fanekiso lowo T-64B.

Izici injini gumbi

Abaklami kwakusadingeka kubekwe longitudinally ku Mto GTE, okwaphumela ukwanda kancane usayizi umshini ngokuzenzakalela njengoba kuqhathaniswa T-64. TBG yakhelwe njengoba monoblock enesisindo 1050 kg. Sici Its kwaba khona igiya ethile, ikuvumela ukuthatha kungenzeka esiphezulu kusukela motor, kanye gearboxes amabili nje.

Ukuze ezisetshenziselwa amathangi ezine masinyane Mto ivolumu Imininingwane kuyinto 1140 amalitha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi T-80U igesi ophephela injini, uphethiloli okuyiwona lilondolozwe amavolumu ezinjalo - kunalokho "oyisiminzi" ithangi ukuthi ibusa izikhathi 1.5-2 fuel ezingaphezu kuka-T 72. Ngakho-ke futhi ubukhulu amathangi abafanele.

GTD-1000T idalwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo ezintathu-shaft has eyodwa futhi ezimbili ezimele ophephela compressor unit. Ukuziqhenya onjiniyela - a umlomo wombhobho ukulungiswa inhlangano evumela ukulawula abushelelezi ematfuba ophephela futhi kwandisa kakhulu yayo ngokuphila service T-80U. Yini fuel kutuswa usetshenziselwe nokwelula UKUQINA amandla iyunithi? Onjiniyela ngokwabo bathi elilungile kakhulu le njongo, eliphezulu jet fuel.

Kusukela uxhumano amandla phakathi compressor kanye ophephela nhlobo, ithangi Ungahambisa ngokuqiniseka phansi, ngisho nabampofu kakhulu eziveza amandla, futhi motor ngeke Itafula noma ngabe stop ngokuzumayo umshini. Futhi lokho "feeds" T-80U? Yokubasela motor yayo ingase ibe khona ehlukile ...

ukufakwa ophephela

Inzuzo enkulu ezifuywayo igesi ophephela injini fuel omnivorous yayo. Ingaqalisa ku jet fuel, yiluphi uhlobo diesel, uphethiloli ongaphakeme-octane senzelwe izimoto. Kodwa! T-80U, nophethiloli okumele flowability ngcono kuphela, kodwa kuyinto kakhulu sensitive "ezingekho emthethweni" ezivuthayo. Refilling hhayi Kunconywa zokubasa kutholakala kuphela izimo ukulwa, kusukela kufaka ukunciphisa abalulekile zokuphila injini bese ephendulwa izindwani.

Ukuqala injini ngezithukuthuku ukukhuthazwa compressors, okuyinto banesibopho akancike motor ezimbili kagesi. Isiginesha acoustic ethangini T-80U kakhulu ngaphansana udizili yayo nabo bobabili ngenxa kakhulu izimfanelo ophephela futhi ngumuntu wahlela ngokukhethekile qeda uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini uhlukile lapho unyathela amabhuleki isetshenziswa njengoba amabhuleki wokubacindezela futhi injini uqobo, lapho ithangi esindayo wayeka ngokuphazima kweso.

Indlela lokhu kwenziwa? Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho isinyathelo ukubopha oyedwa icindezelwa izindwani ophephela baqale ukushintshanisa kolunye uhlangothi. Le nqubo enikeza umthwalo omkhulu phezu impahla izindwani futhi samanzi ngokwaso, kodwa ngoba kulawulwa ngekhompyutha. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho unyathela amabhuleki okungazelelwe kufanele ngokushesha utaplivat isinyathelo ngokuphelele. Ngo umsebenzi ngokushesha kuhlanganisiwe amabhuleki wokubacindezela.

Njengoba for nye izimfanelo ethangini, it has a iphansana fuel 'isifiso ". Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu abaklami wakwazi ngisho nakanye nje. Ukuze banciphise inani uphethiloli washisa, onjiniyela ayewumisile othomathikhi uphendulela uhlelo lokulawula samanzi (XUAR). Kuhlanganisa lokushisa izinzwa kanye nabaqondisi, futhi ukushintsha, ngokwenyama exhunywe ne ohlelweni uphethiloli supply.

SAUR Ngenxa ukugqoka izindwani wakwazi ukunciphisa okungenani u-10%, kanye ne umsebenzi afanele isinyathelo wazihlephula, igiya shift umshayeli kunganciphisa petrol ngu 5-7%. By endleleni, futhi yini kule uphethiloli main? T-80U ezimweni enhle kumele refueled zezindiza iziketekete kodwa okwaziyo futhi izinga uwoyela diesel.

Air uhlanzekile izinhlelo

yasetshenziselwa isishingishane emoyeni purifier, ukuhlinzeka-97% ukususwa uthuli emoyeni ukusivumela nezinye ndaba angaphandle. By endleleni, le "Abrams" (ngenxa evamile esinezinyathelo uhlanzekile), lesi sibalo eduze 100%. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu-fuel ithangi T-80U - isihloko nesineke, njengoba wachitha kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne ithangi le mbangi yakhe American.

Labo abasele abanga-3% of uthuli imali kwi izindwani ophephela ngesimo slag coagulated. Ukuze uyisuse, nabaqambi abahlinzeke automatic yokuhlanza hlelo vibration. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nemifula emoyeni kungenziwa exhunywe imishini ekhethekile zokushayela ngaphansi kwamanzi. It ikuvumela ukuba unqobe emfuleni ukuze amamitha angu amahlanu ukujula.

tank ukudluliswa ejwayelekile - Mechanical, uhlobo kwamaplanethi. Kuhlanganisa amabhokisi amabili, gearboxes ezimbili, drive ezimbili wokubacindezela. Kukhona ngesivinini amane phambili futhi emuva. Track ezinamasondo, iraba-camera. Landelela futhi ube yangaphakathi iraba ithrekhi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-T-80U kuyinto chassis eqolo.

Tensioning Kwenziwa ngumuntu izindlela izikelemu hlobo. Ukumiswa inhlanganisela, yakhiwa kokubili Amabha torsion futhi wokubacindezela ukushaqeka wezinciphisi ku rinks ezintathu.

izici izingalo

Main ithuluzi - imodeli isibhamu 2A46M-1, osezingeni ilingana 125 mm. Uqinisile izibhamu efanayo zafakwa amathangi T-64/72, kanye hhayi engaziwa ithangi ngumbhubhisi "ingwane".

Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali (njengaku-T 64) kwaba oluzinze ngokuphelele kulesi izindiza ezimbili. emathangini avuzayo abanolwazi bathi uhla shot ngqo ku umgomo zibukeke waphawula ongafinyelela 2100 m Ammunition ejwayelekile :. High-kuqhume, lihlaba okwenyanga ophethe projectiles. A autoloader kwelinye esiteji lingafika ku 28 isibhamu, futhi eziningana kungenziwa ise lokulwa gumbi engangikulo.

izikhali Asizayo kukhona 12.7-mm machine gun "Utes", kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside Ukraine abeke yisiphi izikhali efanayo, ukugxila nezidingo ikhasimende. ethile Huge iyona machine gun ukuthi adubule out ngakho kungaba umkhuzi tank, futhi ngenxa yalokho noma kunjalo kubalulekile ukushiya umshini isikhala zabronevoe. Kusukela ekuqaleni 12.7 mm zezibhamu kuqhubeke sifana nsé nesabantu we projectile, ezinkulu injongo isibhamu nayo zeroing uvo we isibhamu esikhulu ngaphandle Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe.

boeukladki

Ngomshini ukulwa iphakethe safakwa abaklami emhlabeni azungezwe ivolumu sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso ethangini. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yesamba MSW T-80 amathangi ubambe fuel, abaklami ngenxa ivolumu baphoqeleka ukubeka nendawo kuphela amagobolondo, kuyilapho propellants basesimweni sigubhu uqotho. Kuyinto obonakala khulu umehluko "vosmidesyatok" kusuka T-64/72, lapho projectiles ephakamisa icala ahlelwe nendawo ku ezinamasondo ezingeni.

Umgomo we operation ye igiya esemqoka kanye Loader

Ngezinye Ekwamukeleni ezifanele umyalo sigubhu iqala ukujikisa, kanyekanye efingqa uhlobo ekhethiwe projectile indiza ukulayisha. Ngemva kwalokho, lo mshini ikhiyiwe, negobolondo ephakamisa icala zithunyelwe ithuluzi usebenzisa esinqunyiwe olulodwa iphuzu ukulayisha induku. Ngemva emkhonweni shot ngokuzenzakalelayo ethunjwa indlela ekhethekile wabekwa singenamuntu sigubhu cell.

"Carousel" ukulayisha kuqinisekisa izinga kokudubula esingekho ngaphansi nelesithupha imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Uma ukulayisha okuzenzakalelayo ehluleka, ungakwazi ngesandla Ukushaja isibhamu, kodwa emathangini avuzayo ukholwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yayenza ngokungacabangi enjalo (isicefe nzima kakhulu isikhathi eside) izenzakalo. I ithangi imodeli emehlweni TPD 2-49, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibhamu sisimamiswe indiza mpo, okuvumela ukucacisa ibanga eyenga ngesikhathi kwelitshe amabanga 1000-4000 m.

njengoba ezinye izinguquko

Ngo-1978, ithangi T-80U nge injini yegesi ophephela iye kancane olwesimanje. I emisha main Kwakubonakala 9K112-1 missile uhlelo "Cobra", ukudutshulwa oveza ezicitshwayo 9M112. Missile kungenzeka hit target armored at ibanga 4 km, futhi lokhu okungenzeka kwaba 0.8 kuya 1, kuncike sezwe izici kanye target ukunyakaza velocity.

Njengoba missile iphindwa ngosayizi ojwayelekile 125-mm projectile, kungashiwo elise iyiphi indlela ugqoko Loader. Lokhu munition is "avala" kuphela ngokumelene izimoto armored, kuphela warhead ezuziwe. Njengenjwayelo shot rocket ikhipha inezingxenye ezimbili, okuyinto inhlanganisela kwenzeka uma ejwayelekile iphepha ukulayisha indlela. It unxenxwa kwimodi semi-automatic: imizuzwana yokuqala umdubuli kambayimbayi kumele ngokuqinile ubambe Uhlaka bamba phezu umgomo target.

Isiqondiso noma optical, noma isignali yomsakazo ohlangothini. Ukuze wandise amathuba ukushaya ilitshe, the umdubuli kambayimbayi ungakhetha omunye ezintathu izindlela indiza kweminsalo, ukugxila isimo lempi emaphandleni ezizungezile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi kuyasiza uma ehlasela izimoto armored ivikelwe asebenzayo esiphikisayo izinhlelo.