Imininingwane kawonkewonke futhi Ukwahlukaniswa amagiya

Cishe noma yimuphi indlela kwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele sakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene gciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, amadivaysi ezinyakazayo ukudluliswa asetshenziswa izakhi ncamashi toothed isikimu kinematic. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuba okhandlayo sibuyekezwe Ukwahlukaniswa amagiya. flavour yabo kanye nezici, sizobe ukukhuluma.

definition

Ngakho, ngokombono lobuchwepheshe umbono iyona indlela igiya esebenza ukudlulisa Ukujikeleza komunye kushaft kwenye, futhi ukushintsha isivinini nge komzila namasondo.

Ukwahlukanisa amagiya uthi igiya esisogwini kushaft okuhambisa ukujikeleza, ngokuthi ezazibekwe phezu kwempi, ukujikeleza umamukeli - enophephela. Futhi, isici elinendawo pair of Ubukhulu ezincane, okuthiwa gear, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ezinkulu - isondo.

Ububanzi

Gears, ngezigaba, nemingcele eziyisisekelo futhi izici okuzokwenziwa kuchaziwe ngezansi, it is okunengqondo kubhekwa izakhi ezivamile e isiqoqi sama-softwe kanye nezinye izimboni. Lokhu baningi ngenxa kungenzeka ukudluliswa nge amandla ibanga kusuka kwetshumi ambalwa ezimbalwa amashumi ezinkulungwane kilowatts. Ngakho ijubane circumferential ujikeleza kungenzeka kuze 150 m / s, futhi lezi zilinganiso isukela amakhulu izinkulungwane. I ububanzi we amasondo ngokwabo phakathi wokufundwayo amamilimitha angu (ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izingxenye zawo) ngamamitha ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu.

kwamangqamuzana

Ukuqokwa kanye nokubekwa ngezigaba Ukuzilungiselela sihlinzekela division yabo by izici ezilandelayo:

1. Kusukela yokuma enama-asi amasondo esikhaleni:

• ngezimbazo okuhambisanayo (cylindrical ukudluliswa);
• nge intersecting izimbazo (amagiya wotho);
• ngezimbazo sawela (futhi isihlava isikulufa ukudluliswa).

2. Ngokwenkolelo uhlobo Ukujikeleza isihlobo zamasondo futhi isikhundla amazinyo:

• ne gear bangaphandle (amasondo uphendukisa zibheke isihlobo komunye nomunye);
• i igiya yangaphakathi (ukuzungeza kokubili amasondo ngenye indlela).

3. ukuma iphrofayli:

• namazinyo involute;
• cycloid;
• nge novikov Ukuzilungiselela.

4. Kusukela yokuma theory izinyo umugqa:

• Spur isondo;
• Helical;
• herringbone;
• Isikulufa (nge izinyo isiyingi).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nepryamozubye ukudluliswa abe olubushelelezi eliphezulu umsebenzi wabo, zingabantu bafake kakhulu awumkhulu futhi mncane umsindo kuqhathaniswa ukuze sikhuthazeke amagiya.

5. Ngokwalesi ijubane circumferential:

• ukudluliswa ephansi isivinini (ngaphansi kuka 3 m / s);
• ijubane medium (3 m / s kuya ku-15 m / s);
• -fast (phezu 15 m / s).

Ukushiyana kwezidalwa uhlelo

Ukwahlukanisa amagiye imisebenzi sihlinzekela division yabo ku:

• Kinematic (ukufunda) ukudluliswa. Zisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi, izindlela letibalekako tetibalo. Le mfuneko esiyinhloko Ukudluliselwa ezinjalo - nokulandela ukunemba eliphakeme kinematic, okungukuthi, kufanele kube ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho okucacile engeli Ukujikeleza njengoba inkosi futhi isondo senceku.
• ukudluliswa ngesivinini elisetshenziswa gearboxes turbomachinery amabhokisi emotweni gciwane. Okudingekayo: esiphezulu olubushelelezi kungenzeka wokusebenza.
• ukudluliswa Amandla crane eziqhutshwa netindlela ugingqe. Basebenta ngesivinini ongaphakeme, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo adlulisa torque umxhwele. Izimfuneko eziyinhloko omoya zalolu hlobo, - sisondelene amazinyo, okuyinto kuhlobene e conjugation.

criteria ezengeziwe

Ukwahlukanisa amagiya ngomklamo ezakhayo uyakucabangela ukuthi kungaba ovulekile futhi avaliwe. Vula ukudluliswa kungenziwa eziqhutshwa noma ngaphandle Lubrication (ezingavamile), noma okunye aphathwe amafutha zokugcoba ekhethekile.

Closed-circuit television, esikhundleni salokho, nivame ngenxa ukucwiliswa amazinyo amafutha akhethekile, okuyinto uzamcolo izindlu (ukucwiliswa Lubrication). Kwezinye izimo, inikeza eyodwa supply isakhiwo crankcase. Kulesi simo igrisi ukugeleza ukulungiswa Kwenziwa esebenzisa inductors ekhethekile.

Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani ijubane ukujikeleza, kwamagiya zihlukaniswe zibe:

• ukwehlisa (obizwa nangokuthi reducers). Kulezi zinhlelo isilinganiso igiya mkhulu noma elilingana eyodwa.
• Multipliers - isilinganiso igiya engaphansi.

By endleleni, le okungu igiya kukhona kokubili unomphela futhi stepwise adjustable yokuhamba amasondo ngqo kushaft (isib gearbox).

izimfanelo ezinhle

Ukwahlukanisa amagiya kuyobe akuphelele uma hhayi cabangela kokufaneleka yabo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto izinhlobo amagiya zinezikhathi:

• Processability.
• Ukuphikelela isilinganiso.
• High umthwalo umthamo (kufika ku 50,000 kW).
• kahle Umxhwele (kufika ku 0.99).
• Ubukhulu ezincane jikelele kuqhathaniswa nezinye omoya izimo ezifanayo.
• nokwethenjelwa High ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.
• Ubulula abebeziphilisa ngako.
• imithwalo elincane phezu amabombo kanye imiphini.

izimfanelo ezimbi

Ngokuqondene nemibi amagiya sho ngalesosikhathi fike of them bonakala:

• Yokuntula ithuba ukushintsha isilinganiso igiya njalo.
• yokukhiqiza kanye ukufakwa ukunemba kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphezulu.
• Livela umsindo ngesivinini.
• Kubi Damping izakhiwo.
• usayizi elikhulu lapho ama-eksisi eliqhutshwa, imiphini ukushayela ibanga umxhwele.
• Ukuphuca amazinyo kudinga imishini ekhethekile kanye namathuluzi.
• Ukungakwazi isinxephezeliso imithwalo ashukumisayo ngenxa kobukhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izici zokuphepha. Isitimela igiya uyakwazi ukuvikela umshini noma indlela ngokumelene ngokweqile.

Futhi amagiya (ngebuhle nebubi, ngezigaba kanye nezinhlobo kushiwo lapha ngenhla) ukusetshenziswa engenangqondo kwamazinyo abo, kuphumele ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa yini engaphezu kwemibili namazinyo ngayinye amasondo, okuyizinto ngokuhlangana.

I ukusonteka amazinyo isondo

okuklama Proper kanye nokusebenza igiya kuboniswa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi umsindo eqinile futhi okweqile ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Uma ezimbili nalezi zindlela zisekhona ukungafani, kwakungase kahle okuyoholela ekubhujisweni amazinyo isondo. Ukwahlukanisa amagiya nenhloso tekusebenta futhi kwenza izinguquko ayo nokudlulisela umsebenzi, kodwa izinhlobo jikelele umonakalo namazinyo zimi kanje:

• Plastic umsebenzi ukusonteka evele.
• Zokugwema ukuphuka.
• Jamming.
• Gqoka.
• Igawula.

Kulezo zimo lapho amazinyo aphule ngokuvamile kwenzeka hhayi ukuhluleka ukudluliswa kuphela, kodwa futhi kulimaze ukuze amayunithi ahlukahlukene ahlobene, izingxenye (isib, abhubhisa amabombo, imiphini). Lokhu kungenxa wedging isinyathelo aphulwa izingcezu.

Kaningana, amazinyo yaphukile "ukukhathala" yabo, okubonakala njengoba phetho ukuvela intuthuko eqhubekayo imifantu. Lolu hlobo umonakalo esivamile esengeziwe amagiya avaliwe.

Nemihuzuko amazinyo uvame ebonwe amagiya evulekile, ngenxa Ukungena zone ukubandakanyeka metal izinhlayiya ahlukahlukene, ukungcola, uthuli (ukuhuzuka). Futhi, isizathu kungase kungabi Lubrication abampofu, ngakho kusukela kulolu hlobo zokukhandleka kungukuthi oVikelwe, futhi closed-circuit television.

amasondo Ukukhiqiza

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amagiya, emihle nemibi, ngezigaba zazo kuncike izakhiwo zabo zobuchwepheshe kanye ngokomzimba, zenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene.

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa umkhuba yilezi:

• Carbon steel zekhwalithi abavamile (St6, St5).
• High-grade steel.
• lezinsimbi elixutshiwe.
• Mpunga cast iron ne izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ezinye izinto ze-non-metallic (bakelite, PCB).

Indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ukudluliswa amagiya ezenziwe ngensimbi, ngenxa inhlanganisela kahle amandla, ukuthembeka kanye nesisindo. Lokhu kwaziswa ilungele esindayo duty gciwane.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ompunga cast iron isetshenziselwa isondo egijima ukungasebenzisi bese wehlisa amagiya evulekile. Iron muhle ukuthi ngamazinyo amasondo esekelwe it is hhayi kakhulu afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye phezu Lubrication futhi kahle ukuzivumelanisa komunye nomunye.

amagiya Plastic akhiqizwa yemishini ezidinga esiphezulu yokudlulisela ukusebenza ethule ngesivinini esikhulu, akadingi high ukucacisa yokukhiqiza.

Ukuqina nokwelashwa ukushisa

Gears, ngezigaba, isicelo zazo futhi kuncike umthamo umthwalo kwakudingeka alandele ukwelashwa ukushisa.

I amagiya ensimbi is evamile ngamaqembu amabili:

• Wheel nge nobulukhuni ngezansi 350 HB amazinyo. inkomba ezinjalo ekhiqizwa ngenxa kujwayeleke noma ukuthuthukisa steel. Ngokushesha namazinyo ukusika emva kokwelashwa ukushisa.
• Amasondo, ubulukhuni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 350 HB. Lokhu ubulukhuni ivumela ukuqina chemical-ezishisayo: carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, ebusweni lukhuni usebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu imvamisa imisinga.

Ukumanzisa ka amagiya

Ukwahlukanisa amagiya kundawo amazinyo kuyobe akuphelele uma asizange cabanga Lubrication of Ukuzilungiselela. Ngu uqobo, inqubo Lubrication igxile ukwehlisa izinga bafake amazinyo, ukushabalalisa ukushisa nezinhlayiyana ezincane olwalwenza, ngcono ukusebenza omhlaba wonke yokudlulisela. Ngokusetshenziswa eliphezulu zokugcoba kwandisa amasondo ukumelana wenza umcimbi. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe Lubrication angenza plastic, liquid izinto eziqinile.

Amafutha uvame esetshenziswa ukuvula izinhlelo, okuyinto sokuqhuba lokushisa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-120. igrisi Solid eziqhutshwa futhi amagiya evulekile, kodwa labo ezisebenza lokushisa esingeqile 100 degrees Celsius. Ethandwa kakhulu kuba ukuphila kube mnandi kuphela ketshezi. Ukuthandwa enkulu yatholwa petroleum amafutha. Ngokuqondene zokwenziwa igrisi izinto, bajwayele kuphela ezimweni ezikhethekile, ngoba intengo zabo impela high.

Ukukhonjwa amafutha liquid zihlanganisa:

• Industrial uwoyela - incwadi I.
• Ngokusebenzisa e izinhlelo wokubacindezela - G.
• Ukuze ezisindayo-duty ukudluliswa - T.
• Amafutha kokuba anti-ukugqwala, anti-namachibi, anti-bafake izithasiselo, - P.
• Amafutha, esingeyena iyiphi izithasiselo - A.

isondo Mitre

Ukwahlukanisa amagiya wotho endaweni samuntu lula has ifomu elandelayo:

• Wheel wotho igiya ngamazinyo ngqo.
• Ngamazinyo tangential.
• Kusukela namazinyo lwalugobile.
• Ngamazinyo isiyingi.
• Nge emgqeni kwamazinyo ifomu involute.

amagiya Straight wotho zivame kakhulu asetshenziswa igiya ongaphandle, kodwa izakhi ngamazinyo isiyingi zinengxenye igiya.

Izici namagama

Amapharamitha main asisekelo Ukwahlukaniswa amagiya, imi kanje:

• Inombolo namazinyo - Z.
• Isikhala: - a.
• Ububanzi isondo umqhele - b.
• imvume osabalalayo - ne.
• Ukuphakama namazinyo imilenze - ha.
• Izinyo ukuphakama - h.
• Pitch ubukhulu - d.
• I ububanzi kokuqala - DW.
• I ububanzi we izimbotshana amazinyo - dr.
• I ububanzi we phezulu izinyo - da.

Womshini amagiya

amasondo namagiya zenziwa kolayini ezenzakalelayo. Lezi imigqa ezikhethekile kakhulu zihlukaniswe esifushane futhi esibanzi. Iqembu lokuqala lihlotshaniswa asike futhi kokuqeda amagiya. Eyesibili amathuluzi izinjongo ezihlukahlukene ukuthi unikeze womshini ephelele amagiya. Ngo imigqa enjalo asetshenziselwa imishini semiautomatic ukwelashwa igiya okwengeziwe ifakwe yokulayisha athula, namanye amadivayisi ezishintshayo.

Ngo zobuchwepheshe amasondo zokukhiqiza imigqa phakathi imishini ukukhiqizwa avame nezimo uxhumano ezokuthutha isetshenziswa ngendlela ibhande uchungechunge zokuthutha, futhi ezithathekayo ukudluliswa kwamakalishi, okuyinto ukuqeda okuvela nezakhamuzi noma ezinye zamehlo.