Uyini wezombusazwe? Concept nezinhlobo yelinyenti kanye autocracy

Njengomthetho, uhulumeni lwenteke nganoma iyiphi indlela nezindlela, futhi inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ibizwa ngokuthi umbuso isimo. Kodwa leli gama akulona okulingana ekubizweni "wezombusazwe" - umqondo kanye nezinhlobo lona okugcinwe ngawo ebanzi futhi ihlukahluke. Kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ngazo isimo izenzo zomphakathi, kodwa futhi ezinye izinhlobo ubudlelwane kwezepolitiki

Concept futhi nemibuso yezombangazwe izinhlobo ngenxa yokuthi yonke imiphakathi siqukethe amaqembu izithakazelo ezahlukene kanye imigomo awahlanganyeli ngqo kuhulumeni, kodwa kuthinta ngezindlela ezahlukene. Akukhona amaqembu kuphela sezombusazwe kodwa isakhiwo ibhizinisi, ibutho lezempi, abezindaba, izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo izishoshovu zomphakathi ngubani liqalise imibono. Bonke ngezindlela ezingafani, kuthiwa ifaka ingcindezi wezombangazwe futhi ukuthonya izinqumo zayo.

Kukhona yeningi futhi okungezona yeningi nemibuso yezombangazwe, futhi kuncike wezokuBusa ngokuBambisana ubuhlobo lomgomo \ abanye igunya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "intando yeningi" ngokwalo lisho ukuthi "intando yeningi", amazwe noma izindawo, lapho abantu isiqalo nesigcino kwadingeka amandla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nekuwusebentisa practice ngqo, akukho. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi akekho intando yeningi akusho - nje uhlobo amandla nokulawula kuhilela ethile izakhi sokubusa ngentando yeningi ngqo. Ngo amandla umbuso wentando yeningi avela kubantu, okuyinto ezihlukahlukene unekhono ukuthonya isinqumo e zomphakathi ekutsatseni tincumo; WeMinority imicabango yabantu ziyabhekelelwa yilabo iningi; emkhakheni komthetho umthetho ubusa; unqabela kuphela lokho ngokucacile ivalwa - konke okunye inikwe amandla ngokwakhona; isimiso lokwehlukaniswa wangempela zomthetho, mphathi iziphathimandla zokwahlulela ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho kanye nezinye izikhungo ukuthi iziphi kulezi zindlela amandla sebenzisa elawulwa zemiphakathi; emphakathini kukhona ezihlukahlukene izikhungo, izinhlangano kanye nokunyakaza, kanye nokubhekela amalungelo esintu ziyasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana ezindinganisweni eziphakeme. umbuso wentando yeningi zezombusazwe, umqondo kanye nezinhlobo zazo buyehluka kuye izifundazwe kanye namazwe, kukhona cishe amazwe angu-40, futhi kuye kwaba ukusebenza yayo yesikhathi eside kule ubuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi umphakathi, ngamunye kanye isimo.

Okuphambene umbuso wentando yeningi ngokomlando kwaba autocracy, okungukuthi ukulawula kuphela. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla autocracy kancane kancane esikhundleni wezombusazwe kobushiqela wobushiqela. Concept futhi izinhlobo lezi izindlela kuhluke degree of kokungenela zikahulumeni neziphathimandla zokulawula, hhayi kuphela emphakathini, kodwa amasiko, siqu futhi zanikezwa nolunye imikhakha yempilo. umbuso kobushiqela njengeqembu sabantu umthetho (ngokuvamile - lempi noma ezinye izigwili) ithambekele ukusetshenziswa kabanzi izindlela sibhekwe nezindlela umyalo ukuphathwa kwezomnotho; zonke namandla is bagxila ezandleni ngababusi ethile, ewa ngesisekelo isibopho somuntu siqu noma iqembu, kanye nezinye izikhungo zikahulumeni, ezifana ePhalamende, abe umlingisi esisemthethweni kuphela. ngokuvamile Amalungelo esintu khona kuphela ephepheni bese bukhona izinkulumo osopolitiki, kodwa umkhuba it is hhayi isetjenziswa. Nokho, ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kule modi kukhawulwe ngokuyinhloko ukuphikiswa ezombangazwe nakubo bonke sphere zezombusazwe, ngoba uhulumeni uzama ukulawula kuphela lokho kungaphazamisa ukuvikeleka kwalo. Izibonelo umbuso enjalo zingakhiqiza umthetho Pinochet BakaJehova eChile futhi ubushiqela Islamic Khomeini e-Iran.

Timphawu kuyinto wezombusazwe wobushiqela. Concept futhi izinhlobo kobushiqela ezikhonjwe ososayensi abaningi abadumile zezombusazwe nezazi zefilosofi, ezifana Karlom Popperom futhi Hanoi Arendt. Nge wonke kuyizimpawu kombuso kobushiqela, ekubuseni kobushiqela kuyahluka ngokuyinhloko ukuthambekela ukubhubhisa ezinye amaqembu ezombusazwe kanye nokunyakaza, ukuhlanganisa iqembu elibusayo nesimo (partocracy), inhloko zazo kukhona omunye futhi iqembu elifanayo abantu. Ngakho kukhona ihlelo umholi, ngokuvamile onikwe izici kwemvelo. Kukhona imibono yabantu wobushiqela uphendulela umuntu ku iyunithi uhlelo, futhi kuholela ubunye futhi politicization ingqikithi zonke izinhlobo zokuphila emphakathini. Empeleni, emphakathini wobushiqela, ubani shies kude ezombusazwe, zibhujiswe. Lolu hlobo "elivulekile ngomqondo" ne "sekudla" nemibuso yezombangazwe babukhona nakwa-USSR, China kanye "amazwe sezenhlalo", eJalimane lobuNazi, wamaFascist Italy naseSpain, Cambodia "-Khmer Rouge" nakwamanye amazwe.