UHana Arendt: impilo kanye nomsebenzi

Iqiniso ukuthi kobushiqela ezifana, isazi sefilosofi uHana Arendt wayezibonele ngawakhe. Ukuba amaJuda ngokozalo yena, wadabula ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi, lapho yena waba nenhlanhla ukubaleka. Kamuva wathola-US nase wawuhlala emaphandleni kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. imibhalo yakhe ku phenomenology ukuthonywa zefilosofi ezifana Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jürgen Habermas, Giorgio Agamben, Walter Benjamin nabanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kulezi imisebenzi elihlukanisiwe eziningi abantu bayo, ngisho nabangane abaseduze. Ungubani lona wesifazane, owathola umphakathi ukuhlolwa okuxubile enjalo? Isihloko sethu ekutshela ngokuphila uHana Arendt, lasungulwa njengoba sefilosofi ukucacisa kafushane okushiwo izincwadi zakhe.

ebuntwaneni

UHana Arendt wazalwa ngo-1906, ku-14 Okthoba, emzini Linden (Empire German). Bobabili abazali bakhe kusuka yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Engineer uPawulu Arendt nomkakhe uMarta Kohn babengamaJuda, kodwa wahola yokuphila yezwe. Kakade ebuntwaneni ayichitha eKönigsberg, intombazane wayebhekene kwamaJuda. Kuleso simo, yena wayalwa unina. Uma izitatimende anti-lwamaSemite nizongiphendula othisha, uHana Kwakudingeka sivuke niphume ekilasini. Ngemva kwalokho, umama kwadingeka ilungelo akhononde ngokubhala. Kodwa ofunda anti-lwamaSemite yakhe intombazane nekayokulwa uqobo. Ngokuyinhloko, ebuntwaneni owayejabule. Umndeni akasebenzisanga ngisho igama elithi "umJuda", kodwa babengavunyelwe ukwedelela.

UHana Arendt: A Biography

Owesifazane nengane evinced a Ukuthanda le humanities. Yena wafundiswa emanyuvesi amathathu - e-Marburg, Freiburg futhi Heidelberg. amakhosi yakhe engokomoya nefilosofi babe Martin Heidegger uKarl Jaspers. Le ntombazane kwakungelona "blue-Stocking". Ngo-1929 washada no-Günther Anders. Kodwa umshado sahlukana ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Lapho elithuma okwesibili washada Genriha Blyuhera. Ukuba okuqonda yena, wayazi ngokushesha ukuthi izithembiso zakhe nomndeni wakhe amaNazi athatha izintambo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1933, owesifazane waze wabalekela France. Kodwa amaNazi ubambeke naye futhi kukhona. Ngo-1940 kwathiwa ekamu Gurs. Ingane ikwazile ukuphulukundlela ibaleke, futhi waya Lisbon, futhi ukusuka lapho - e-United States. UHana Arendt, bazinza eNew York, ubesebenza njengomshayeli intatheli umagazini i-New Yorker. Kulo msebenzi, yafika ngo-1961 eJerusalema, ecaleni Adolfa Eyhmana.

Lo mcimbi wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo encwadini yakhe edumile ethi "banality lokubi." Ekupheleni ukuphila kunifundisile US emanyuvesi nasemakolishi. Washona ngineminyaka engu-69 ngo-December 1975 e-New York. Mayelana isiphetho nzima sikaHana Arendt ngo-2012, kwathina siqondiswa yilowo Margarethe von Trotta sici eponymous ifilimu wadutshulwa.

Inani ifilosofi

Esikhathini sakudala zokudala Hanny Arendt amaphepha ahlukene angaba ngamakhulu amahlanu ngale ndaba. Noma kunjalo, konke bahlanganiswe omunye umqondo - ukuqonda izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngokusho ifilosofi ezombusazwe, isintu akusho usathola cataclysms bemvelo hhayi ukuphazamisa ilungelo kusuka ngaphandle. Isitha esikhulu lingaphakathi umphakathi - kuyisifiso ukulawula yonke into. UHana Arendt, ogama izincwadi ukuba kwamdumaza kanjani amaningi ungacabangi ngokuya "abantu", "amaqembu ezizwe acishe". Wayengakwazi ukukhulelwa wabelane baba "necala" futhi "ekuhlatshweni." bonke babehlambulukile abantu emehlweni akhe. Futhi umuntu ngamunye uhlukile. Nanguya umsunguli imfundiso yokuziphendukela imvelaphi ukhona kobushiqela.

imisebenzi emikhulu. "I Banality Kobubi"

Pozhluy, incwadi ihlazo kakhulu, okulotshiwe nguHana Arendt. "I Banality Wobubi: Eichmann eJerusalema" lanyatheliswa eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokuba isivivinyo Obersturmbannfuehrer SS. Lokho ubufakazi "umklami Kwesizwe" waphoqeleka ukuba uhlaziye sefilosofi okwenzeka phakathi nokubusa izenzakalo amaNazi futhi abanike ukwazisa omusha. Inhloko salowo mnyango satshela le amaGestapo ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu "isixazululo yokugcina Umbuzo wamaJuda" njengoba isimiso kwabefundisi. Wayengeyena anti-Semite, bathertom uyaqiniseka ihlushwa, a psychopath noma ubuntu kunephutha. Wayelethwa elandelayo nje ama-oda. Futhi lokhu kwaba okwakwenzeka eyinhloko Kwesizwe - a banality nokwesabekayo okubi. Isazi sefilosofi akusho nihlale nithuthumela ngendlu ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso ngokungakhethi hhayi uyahlambalaza yonke abantu German. Ububi enkulu ukhiqiza Bureaucrat babegcina ukuba lifeze umsebenzi walo. uhlelo Guilty ukuthi kudala la imisebenzi of Mass Kwembubhiso.

"Ngo Udlame"

Ngo-1969, isazi sefilosofi aqhubeka athuthukise isihloko kwamandla kanye nenkululeko womuntu. Udlame - kuba lolithulusi abanye abantu futhi amaqembu ukufeza osithandayo. Ngakho uthi uHana Arendt. "Ngo Udlame" - umsebenzi esinzima, zefilosofi. umhlaziyi Political okuhlukanisa imiqondo ezifana umthetho bese kobushiqela. Amandla ehlangene kunesidingo sokusebenzisana ukufuna umbimbi ukuxoxisana. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni ukuthembeka, ukungaguquguquki. Irula, uzizwa esintengayo ngaphansi kwesihlalo sobukhosi, kunesilingo esizama ukumelana ngenkani ... futhi uba kalowo yakhe. Ngeke angayekethisi ekubambeleleni kwakhe. Yavela kanjalo-ke ukwesaba.

"Umsuka kobushiqela"

Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1951. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe uHana Arendt ngokuthi umsunguli imfundiso yokuziphendukela kobushiqela. It sefilosofi ihlola oda nomphakathi ukuthi zaba khona phakathi nomlando womuntu. Ubuya esiphethweni sokuthi kobushiqela akafani ngobushiqela, despotism kanye authoritarianism izibonelo zasendulo. He is umkhiqizo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. A iyisibonelo esihle Arendt umphakathi wobushiqela ubiza eJalimane lobuNazi nasemakamu uStalin Russia. Isazi sefilosofi ihlaziya izimbangela senhlalo nesomnotho ukuzalwa kwalo uhlelo, it lehlukanisa izici eziyinhloko nezici. Empeleni, incwadi ichaza izibonelo ukwesaba eJalimane lobuNazi, okuyinto uqobo ngqo ebhekene uHana Arendt. "Umsuka kobushiqela", nokho - umsebenzi ezingaphelelwa isikhathi. Ezinye izinhlelo zale isakhiwo singabona emiphakathini yethu wesimanje, le kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye.