Maieutics - ke ... maieutics ifilosofi

Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu USocrates wasungula indlela eyingqayizivele ingxoxo ngokuthi maieutics. Lena yindlela yokudukisa ephumelela kakhulu, esetshenziselwa esikhathini sethu. Empeleni, kuba pheze indlela kuphela ukukholisa ophikisana naye emuva. Kulokhu, interlocutor kungenziwa ngobuqili ekhoneni by amazwi akhe. Kuyini kanye ubunjalo le ndlela? Ake sizame ukuthola it out.

USocrates ukuphila kwakhe

Nokho, ukuphila USocrates Not okuningi waziwa, ulwazi ifinyelele kithi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ithakazelisa kakhulu.

USocrates - sefilosofi Athene, owazalwa ngo-469 BC. e. It sibalo ibhalwe ukujika okuthiwa ifilosofi - kusukela Ukucabangela isimo yokucabangela womuntu.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphila kanye isiphetho sefilosofi, izazi ezithile zemfundiso isikhathi patristic wahosha zokuchaza phakathi uSocrates uJesu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi owokuqala kwaba indodana umqophi ezaziwayo. Lapho isikhulile, washada Xanthippe - owesifazane oqumbile kakhulu, ogama lakhe sekubhekwa njengento yaba undabuzekwayo.

"Mina nje ukuthi mina angazi lutho, kodwa abanye alazi ke." Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu oye wezwa kuBaba futhi le nkulumo, engivusa ngayo, njengasencwadini abacwaningi bakholelwa, kungokwalabo USocrates. Ngokwalesi simiso ayephila kuzo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isazi sefilosofi akazange ashiye umugqa owodwa. imicabango nezinkolelo zesintu sakhe ezaziwa kusukela ezabhalwa abafundi bakhe kuphela - Xenophon futhi uPlato. USocrates wayeqiniseka ukuthi ukubhala phansi imicabango yakhe buthakathaka imemori womuntu. Ngu iqiniso kubafundi bakhe sazi ukuthi wafingqa usebenzisa ngobuciko inkhulumomphendvulwano siqondile. Kwakungenxa izingxoxo kanye mpendulwano edala indlela yakhe siqu, manje eyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama maieutics. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthi umnikelo omkhulu umcabango yefilosofi.

Icala uSocrates kokufa sefilosofi

Ngo 399 BC, nomfundisi omkhulu wamangalelwa ngokuthi uyahlambalaza futhi ezonakalisa esizukulwaneni esisha. On Yiqiniso womkhumbi USocrates esiyifundayo imisebenzi kaPlato no uXenophon. Isazi sefilosofi wenqaba ukukhokha inhlawulo, kanye nabangane isiphakamiso zokuthumba kuye esetilongweni.

Ingabe USocrates icala ngempela? Ngokwezazi-mlando zanamuhla, ka Cambridge University, ayengumkhwenyana wakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, isenzo sefilosofi ome njengeqanda kungenzeka ngempela labizwa ngokuthi emthethweni.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-sazi enikwa isigwebo sokufa, wazithabatha ushevu yena. Inqubo kokufa USocrates likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe uPlato efanayo. Yini kahle hle ke wadliswa ushevu esikweyoku engaziwa. Ngokusho kwenye hypothesis, kwathiwa ikhombe ngumhlonyane.

ngempela USocrates uye abe yisisulu ukuhlakanipha kwakhe. Nokho, imicabango yakhe siphila namuhla, kuhlanganise indlela uyaphila futhi eyingqayizivele maieutics. Ake sizame ukuqonda kabanzi ukuthi kuyini, iziphi izici zayo.

Indlela yokucabanga

Maieutics - kuyinto "ubuciko umbelethisi," njengoba ayekubiza kanjalo USocrates yena. Ungakwazi namanje kungatholakala incazelo ezifana "indida yokucabanga" noma "ingxoxo yokucabanga."

Maieutics ifilosofi - eqinisweni, indlela ukusebenzisa isimiso 'Yazi uzithanda wena.' " Nge le ndlela abaphikisi akuyona kuphela uyazi ububi besono sakhe, naye uba nathi of ulwazi lweqiniso. "Akukho lutho lapha eqine kakhulu kunangesikhathi ulwazi" - ngakho wathi USocrates ...

NgesiGreki, maieutics - a "Umbelethisi art." Ingqikithi le ndlela itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngokubeka imibuzo ngasocansini ngokukhethekile-eziklanyelwe interlocutor ukuqonda ukuthi sinjani ngempela isimo izindaba. Ngakho, abaphikisi efika iqiniso, futhi buthule nje bamphushela kuso.

Maieutics USocrates - kuyinto wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke ikhono abaphakamisi imibuzo ebeka inkhulumomphendvulwano nokubhala. Isazi sefilosofi yayiqiniseka ukuthi ulwazi lweqiniso kungavela kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukuzazi lomunye umuntu. Futhi lokhu kudinga inqubo uhlanzekile Kwenziwa ngokubuza imibuzo mayelana ngokuyisisekelo lokhu noma leso senzakalo.

Maieutics uSocrates - isikhali kule mpikiswano bokusungula

Isazi sefilosofi omkhulu uqobo basungula indlela ukuthi akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo kuze kube namuhla. Akekho ongaphika ukuthi inkulumo mpendulwano, ingxoxo, mpikiswano ezakhayo iyithuluzi elibalulekile ukuthola ulwazi olusha futhi ukuqonda izinga labo ukuhluleka.

Ngokuvamile, uSocrates ekuphileni kwakhe kuphela ke Wenza lokho ukubuza imibuzo. Wayethanda ukuya ukukhuluma ndoda ezidlayo yayiqiniseka, zibona indlela, babanjwa imibuzo yakhe olukhohlisayo ngokushesha sasiyolahlekelwa zonke ukuzidla nokungathembeki kwakhe, waba nesibindi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano on a "umbuzo nezimpendulo" wawumatasa esetshenziswa, kanye nezinye izazi zefilosofi, ikakhulukazi - amaSophist. Nokho, banalo ingxabano enjalo sasimane isiphetho ngokwakho. Kodwa USocrates babengazange bahlanganyele verbiage, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi iyiphi inkhulumomphendvulwano akuholele ngenjongo ethile. Ezingxoxweni wakhe yena ngokwakhe ngizame ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo eyisisekelo khona: "Yenza lokho okuhle Of okubi?", "Kuyini wokwahlulela na?" m. p.

Izibonelo maieutics USocrates

USocrates kwaba zobuqili kakhulu, kuyindida futhi iyingozi kumngane. Ngokuvamile ezingxoxweni waqamba amanga ukuze ube simpleton ukuzikhohlisa, kwenza ophikisana naye e inethiwekhi ekhohlisayo.

irekhodi walondoloza ingxoxo nabanye esikweyoku Menon. Ukuze uqale nge yokugcina, uSocrates ebuzwa mayelana nendlela imisebenzi yayo. Hhayi zokusola iyiphi iqhinga, nabanomusa Menon aqale ukufundisa sefilosofi. Maduze, Nokho, ngenxa yale mibuzo ngokuthi cha kahle, umthombo elahlekile unomphela. USocrates yena, uyaqhubeka ukumklolodela isisulu zabangenacala.

Lapho abaphikisi ilahlekelwa yayo ukuzethemba, wayekulungele yokusesha ngokuhlanganyela iqiniso. Ukubuza omunye, uSocrates yena wacwaninga isihloko ingxoxo, ngoba akazange azibheke njengongcono onolwazi. Yingakho uMose ayiqamba ngokuthi ubuciko bakhe "ababelethisi", ngoba inkhulumomphendvulwano okunjalo futhi iqiniso izalwa.

iziphetho okufutshane

Ngakho, maieutics ifilosofi - iyona ikhono lokubuza imibuzo. USocrates yayiqiniseka ukuthi "azi - kusho ukuthini ukuthi kuyini." Okungukuthi, ukuba nezingqondo, kudingeka siqonde ngokucacile ukuthi ubulungisa buyini, futhi bakwazi bafake definition ezanele. Ngakho, uSocrates waba ngowokuqala livuselwa ezingeni lolwazi imiqondo.

Udaba phambi kwethu maieutics indlela akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ngemva kokusungulwa yakhe. Futhi namhlanje ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana izingcweti abasebenzisa ngempumelelo yaleli su practice.