Dzhordzh Berkli: nefilosofi, wemiqondo eyisisekelo, biography

Phakathi zefilosofi ababethi ukubukwa enokwehla kanye emibonweni yami, omunye edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa Dzhordzh Berkli. Uyise wayengumGreki eyiNgisi, kodwa George kubhekwe uzenza Irishman, ngoba lapho, eningizimu ye-Ireland, wazalwa ngo-1685. Nge iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, le nsizwa kwaqala inkathi yokutadisha ekolishi, ngalo bazoxhunywa ngandlela-thile isikhathi eside ekuphileni kwakhe (kufika ku 1724). Ngo 1704, eBerkeley, Jr. wathola iziqu ze-bachelor futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - iziqu zeMasters ne lokufundisa pedsostave junior. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waba umpristi iSonto LaseSheshi, bese - PhD kanye womfundisi abaphezulu ekolishi.

ukukhohliseka subjective

Ngisho nalapho zisencane D. Berkley ngokukhetha phakathi ukubukwa wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ukukhohliseka subjective, wathatha uhlangothi yokugcina. Wabusekela engokwenkolo neyokuqhuba emibhalweni yakhe, obonisa ubuhlobo okuqonda komuntu ndaba endleleni lapho ubona futhi azizwa umphefumulo (ingqondo, ngiqaphele), kwakhiwa nguNkulunkulu. Ngisho ebusheni ebhaliwe imisebenzi yakhe abaye baba kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umcabango yefilosofi , balidumisa igama - Dzhordzh Berkli.

Philosophy kanye search for iqiniso laqala ukuqonda ukuphila we sazi Irish. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani ezithakazelisayo: "Okwenzeka theory entsha umbono", "Treatise on Yini Nezimiso Human Ulwazi," "Ingxoxo ezintathu phakathi Hylas futhi Philonous". Ukushicilela umsebenzi umbono omusha, isazi sefilosofi abasha, umgomo ukunciphisa ukubaluleka izimfanelo eziyinhloko, okufakazela kutimela ukuqaphela kwethu futhi ngokoqobo ndaba. Ngokuphambene-mbono yokuziphendukela Descartes izinga emizimbeni, kakade kwakuqala ukwanda ngesikhathi, wambula ukwencika ibanga bezibona, ukuma Kubekeka kwetintfo ngokubona. Ngokusho sefilosofi, ubuhlobo phakathi kwala emizweni ezihlukene - iyona ndawo logic, ezakhiwe nakho okuyinto.

imisebenzi Obalulekile wesazi sefilosofi

Sibe zibona ezahlukene kuhlanganise noma ukuchema kuzo zenkolo phakathi sazi imisebenzi. Kodwa omunye wemisebenzi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu "Three inkhulumomphendvulwano Hylas futhi Philonous" (Dzhordzh Berkli - ifilosofi), emfushane lapho singasho lokhu: umlobi wabuza lo mbuzo of bezibona elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo we kwezinto nokuqonda ngokoqobo, futhi phenomenalism. Encwadini yakhe ethi: "Inhlangano" Berkeley uphikise ukubukwa Newton mayelana umqondo abstract ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa yefilosofi George ukuthi ukunyakaza akukwazi ezimele space kanye nesikhathi. Akugcini nje umqondo wagxekwa isazi sefilosofi, kodwa futhi eziningi nezinye Newton isigaba.

Neziphawulekayo nazo ezinye ezimbili usebenza Berkeley ingxoxo phakathi Freethinkers "Alciphron" nezimpikiswano zefilosofi mayelana amanzi netiyela, lapho ebuza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa wezokwelapha itiyela ezikhoselweni bubheke khulula abstract imvelo zefilosofi zenkolo.

umndeni

Inkosikazi wesazi sefilosofi u-Ana Forster - Ground indodakazi (ubaba wakhe umahluleli Irish ophakeme yokuphikisana). Kuyaphawuleka uhlamvu lula, friendly futhi bejabule uGeorge. Yena wayethanda nabangane nabantu obajwayele. ukunakekelwa kwakhe ngokushesha wayeseshumayeza Foundling Isibhedlela, wasungula sisekelo wasebukhosini. Unkosikazi wamzalela izingane eziyisikhombisa. Nokho, ngalezo zinsuku, izingane eziningi zazifile ebudaleni, engu-isizathu lapho ingenwe ukugula. Ngezinye eBerkeley, ngasinda ezintathu kuphela, kanti bonke abanye bafa.

Lapho Dzhordzh Berkli ayelithola ifa, wenza nesicelo sokusungula e Bermuda esikoleni lapho amaqaba baguquka ukholo lobuKristu. Umsebenzi wokuQala wayebizwa kakhulu wamukela futhi kuvunywe yiPhalamende futhi osekelwa imibuthano ahlukile. Nokho, lapho isithunywa sevangeli kanye nayebambisene nabo kulesi siqhingi, Kancane kancane ukhohliwe. Futhi ngaphandle kwezimali ezanele usosayensi-sefilosofi kwakudingeka ayeke sevangeli. Kancane kancane, ishiya ibhizinisi lakhe nabakwa-ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa nendodana yakhe. Dzhordzh Berkli wahlala iminyaka emashumi mathandathu eziyisikhombisa ubudala, washona ngo-1752. Ukuze kuhlonishwe wakhe okuthiwa emzini Berkeley kwelinye zithi Melika - California.

ontology Berkeley

Ethonywe omkhulu sefilosofi nefilosofi babe ongqondongqondo abaningi, kuhlanganise Kant futhi Hume. Umqondo oyinhloko, okuyinto zishunyayelwa umbono wabo eBerkeley, kwaba ukubaluleka touch umphefumulo nezithombe zalo kwakhiwa. Ngamanye amazwi, yimuphi umbono ndaba kuwumphumela bezibona umphefumulo zawo ezingabantu. imfundiso wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukukhohliseka subjective, "Kukhona nje kimi ukuqonda kwami lemizwa emhlabeni. Matter alikho, kukhona kuphela ukuqonda kwami subjective ngakho. UNkulunkulu uthumela, futhi yakha imibono ngawo umuntu enomuzwa konke kuleli zwe .... "

Esikhathini ukuqonda wesazi sefilosofi khona - ibonwa. Ontology Berkeley - kuyinto isimiso solipsism. Ngokwe ukubukwa Thinker khona kwabanye eshaweni kokuba "yokugcina" structuredness kungenzeka nikhuluma ozwakalayo kuphela, okuyinto aphume ashone base Isifaniso.

ukubukwa esiguqukayo

Nokho, izimfundiso sefilosofi waphawula okuthile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-unesimo esifana, "Mina", wasebenzisa nezimpikiswano ezifanayo kuya abagxeki impahla kanye nobufakazi le indivisibility nasebunyeni ekuqaleni. Nokho, umlandeli wakhe, Devid Yum semthethweni kwalezi imibono ngenkolelo-mbono, lapho ahlupheka umqondo daba ingxenye engokomoya: muntu "Mina" - kuyinto "isixha Imibono." Akunakwenzeka ukuba aphule kude umbono izinto, lapho utadisha imisebenzi wabhala sefilosofi Dzhordzh Berkli.

Izilinganiso semfundiso yenkolo futhi sazi ugqozi umcabango engunaphakade, ukubaluleka Nkulunkulu ekuphileni komuntu, ukwethembela kwakhe uMninimandla onke. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo nazo ezinye ukuphikisana nokushintshashintsha ku Berkeley amaphepha, njengoba wadalula anokugxeka zefilosofi eziningi.

Continental futhi ifilosofi Berkeley

Berkeley wafinyelela esiphethweni mayelana nokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, okuyinto kuphela ukhiqiza intando yakhe ngomqondo imiphefumulo yabantu. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo umuntu akanamandla phezu imizwa yakho, ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi indlela. Phela, uma umuntu evula amehlo futhi ubona ukukhanya - ke akuxhomekile intando yakhe, noma uzwa inyoni - lena akuyona intando yakhe. Akakwazi ukukhetha phakathi "umbono" futhi "hhayi ngokubona", okusho ukuthi kukhona omunye intando, ezingeni eliphakeme, oveza imizwa futhi emizweni e umuntu.

Ukutadisha imisebenzi wabhala Dzhordzh Berkli, abanye abacwaningi abathi ngokwezinga wafinyelela esiphethweni (Nokho, lapho, akunjalo kuqinisekiswe ngokuphelele, kodwa banelilungelo khona) ukuthi imibono wesazi sefilosofi akhiwa ngesisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela Malebranche. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sicabangele D. Berkley Irish Cartesian, silahle khona empiricism ekufundiseni kwakhe. Kusukela 1977 e-Ireland ukushicilela magazini Bulletin yokudumisa sefilosofi okukhulu.

indawo zomlando ifilosofi

Ukufundisa ukuthi ushiye Dzhordzh Berkli, biography sazi - konke lokhu Sinesithakazelo esikhulu futhi Inani ekuthuthukiseni zomlando wefilosofi. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe wanikeza sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha, Kuvunguza entsha yentuthuko bebheke umcabango yefilosofi. Schopenhauer uyazicabangela uquketheni Berkeley awufi limbiza ngokuthi uyise ukukhohliseka. Thomas Reid futhi eside ayephuze wefilosofi esishunyayelwa Dzhordzh Berkli. Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka wesazi sefilosofi utawufundza angaphezu kwelilodwa isizukulwane zezazi. Nokho, abaningi babo, kuhlanganise noTomase Reid yaqala ukugxeka kwabo.

imfundiso Berkeley kufakwe izincwadi kumafilosofi njengenhlangano ukubukwa enokwehla. Ngisho isizukulwane zefilosofi bayohlatshwa umxhwele umbono wakhe bese ukuthatha ukuthuthukisa noma ukubonisa ukuthi siyiphutha. Ethandwa kakhulu imibono yakhe yazuza ePoland, kodwa futhi emazweni amaningi Slavic, ifilosofi yakhe linwetshelwe futhi uthathé liyindawo efanelekayo phakathi imisebenzi efanayo.