Ifilosofi kwekhulu lama-20.

Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-19 yesibili sekube shift kancane kancane kude zabuna futhi ushintsho bushelelezi ngayo ifilosofi non-classic, waqala inkathi Tjhugulula isampula kanye nezimiso ekucabangeni. Ifilosofi ekhulwini XX Waphawuleka isiqondiso classical njengoba uhlobo mkhuba Imininingwane noma isitayela ukucabanga okuyinto engavamile kunamasonto angaba amakhulu amathathu inkathi yokucabanga Western. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphethini ukucabanga mkhuba classical wadutshulwa ngokusebenzisa nge umqondo izinto ezihlelwe ngayo ngokwemvelo futhi enomqondo oluqondakalayo e imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi. Amalungu inkambo classical wayekholelwa ukuthi ingqondo - lena main futhi eziphambili kakhulu ithuluzi ukuguqulwa ezimpilweni zabantu. Amabutho juqu ezinikeza ithemba ikhambi zezinkinga esiphuthumayo lwesintu, wamemezela njengoba lolo lwazi futhi ulwazi okunengqondo.

Ekhulwini XX. ngenxa izinguquko eziningi eziphathelene nenhlalo namasiko, ezifana intuthuko e ngokwesayensi ulwazi nezobuchwepheshe kwentuthuko, le ngxabano ekilasini kwakungelona unya kunjalo, kwaba kanjani ekhulwini le-19. nefilosofi Western kwekhulu lama-20 abanokuhlangenwe nakho yokwanda isayensi theory, okwaholela yokuthi uhlelo wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo futhi uyiphupho wathola ukuthi azanele ekuchazeni izinkinga ezenzeka esikhathini kwezesayensi nasemphakathini izinguquko. Esikhathini izikole yefilosofi ngxabano kwekhulu lama-20 of idealist futhi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngezinto Akasekho matasa indawo evelele wangaphambili, luvula indlela izitayela ezintsha.

Ifilosofi ikhulu lama-20 kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi ezakhiwe classical ngenayo ukuhlangabezana abameleli eziningi imisinga zefilosofi ngenxa yokuthi okwakusele lo mqondo ndoda njengoba enjalo. Ukuhlukahlukana futhi ngokucacile we ukubonakaliswa subjective yomuntu, njengoba abanye ongqondongqondo isikhathi, ayikwazi "ukubophela" izindlela isayensi. Ngokungafani rationalism zefilosofi saqala ukubeka nefilosofi-non-classic, lapho ngokoqobo oyinhloko kuveza impilo kanye nokuphila kwabantu.

nefilosofi Western kwekhulu lama-20, wangabaza ukuzinikela njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi zasendulo umphakathi samanje ifomu inhloso, okuyinto efana izinto zemvelo. Ekhulwini lama-20 kwaba nomhlangano ngaphansi banner othile "boom anthropological" ezenzeka nefilosofi. Isici ifilosofi isikhathi umfanekiso okuthiwa ngokoqobo kwezenhlalo iye ngqo exhumene umqondo ezifana "intersubjectivity". Babekholelwa zefilosofi sikhathi, le ndawo yayibizwa yakhelwe ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba wahlukanisa kuncike futhi into, owawungumnyaka kangaka wefilosofi nomphakathi we-classic. isiqondiso Intersubjective ifilosofi yayisekelwe umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olukhethekile ngokoqobo is abasafufusa ubudlelwane nabantu.

Izindlela ukuthi kwakhiwa futhi kwasetshenziswa izingxube nefilosofi kwekhulu lama-20, zixaka ngaphezu ngisho kancane elinendawo ngokuziqhathanisa nefilosofi classical kwekhulu le-19. Ikakhulukazi, kuba indima obonakalayo ngcono ukusebenza yefilosofi ifomu kanye nesakhiwo mpilo esintu (izinhlangano ukungena ngemvume ongokomfanekiso nezincazelo imibhalo). Ifilosofi kwekhulu lama-20 nakho libhekene multi-izigwegwe yayo. Lokhu kubonakala ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni zayo kanye nezikole. izindawo okusha ukuthi ayekade engaziwa kwekhulu lama-20 Kuhlanganisani emzileni ukucabanga zefilosofi nezesayensi.

Nge ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha useshintshe ithoni kanye nemizwelo jikelele imisebenzi zefilosofi, bona baye baphelelwa sokulindela okuhle eqiniseka ukuthi kuyisici sobuntu nefilosofi classical. Ifilosofi kwekhulu lama-20 cishe besondela udala Paradigm yalelozwe entsha ngokuphelele, futhi mirootsenki mirorazmernosti, umuntu ukuthi kuhlobene zonke kwandise isidingo uhlobo ngokuphelele esisha rationality.