Ubani owasungula le ibhayisikili - ngemuva German noma Russian Dresen Artamonov?

Ngokuvamile, isiRashiya, ngaphambi abantu kwamanye amazwe, bodwa ukukhohlwa ngezinto ezincane - ukulungisa Iqiniso isikhathi, ukubhala ke lapho likhipha i-patent ezidingekayo kanye nezitifiketi-copyright. Ezweni kuyaziwa ukuthi umsakazo wokuqala wenza Marconi. Ubani owasungula le wheel? Wazi kanjani? Nokho, yebo, uBaron von Dresen! Lezi amaJalimane kangaka smart, ezifana namasu ...

Lapha kuba, isibonelo emhlabeni kokuqala okubhaliwe ibhayisikili. I isithombe ebonisa ukuthi uzimele ngokhuni bakhe, babe amasondo ayo futhi isihlalo padded. Ngokuvamile, lapho libhekwa ibanga ke ezinye izici ezifanayo kanye yesimanje amahhashi ezimbili ezinamasondo lapho, kodwa kulapho ke ungathi sidewall inqola, nginqume lonke izingxenye zalo. Noma kunjalo, yena umi Museum, iqiniso liwukuthi. lo mklami ngo-1817 ngokuthi kuye umshini ukuhamba, futhi kulandela yakamuva imiqondo lobuchwepheshe kanye analogue, indlela enjalo ngokuthi isithuthuthu.

Ulwazi manje esibizwa ngokuthi i-legend: a Artamonov serf of Nizhny Tagil e 1801 necebo ezimbili ezinamasondo metal isinyathelo indlela nge ayo futhi lwahlolwa ke, ukuhamba kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili zamakhilomitha ukusuka Petersburg ukuze Verkhoturye. I ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha kwaba amakhilomitha ayishumi ngehora, kwathiwa kufezwa ngokusebenzisa phambi isondo, eyayintula ubukhulu kunangendlela ezingemuva. Ngemva lokhu run kanye nemiboniso Khodynka imoto kwahlanganiswa ibuthelelo lezinto ezingavamile futhi ongaziwa zwe wavuzwa inkululeko futhi imadlana, futhi lokho okwenzeka ezihlekisayo kakhulu emva kwesikhathi ukhohliwe. Manje yini noma cha ukukhumbula owasungula ibhayisikili?

Kodwa intuthuko akemi namanje, futhi kumelwe bakhokhe intela ukuze izingcweti European - akukho imibono yobuchwepheshe Artamonov bacela. Bona ngokwethembeka wazama reinvent isondo. Abaqambi abanakukwazi ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini ngokuthi umqondo womunye, ngoba imoto ivuliwe traction kwemisipha, okuyinto yethulwa e-Paris eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, ukuqondisa yayingenamhlabathi, njengoba ihamba. Naphezu kokushiyeka ezifana izakhiwo ehlukile, lo mshini wenza isasasa. Mayelana lowo owasungula le ibhayisikili eFrance, indaba, ngasendleleni, futhi buthule. Efuna ukukhwela namasondo amabili, ukusunduza ngokuziphonsa phansi, kwaba bhe. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke kwaba khona igama ehlanganisa amagama amabili lesiLatini elisho ukuthi "isivinini" futhi "imilenze".

Manje futhi ngokuthi ubani owasungula le ibhayisikili, mayelana Baron Karle Dreze. ingane yakhe kahle zihlukaniswa kusukela bakudala French diy khona ayo. Lena emisha eliyisisekelo avunyelwe brow wakhe ethwele kube into eza kuqala umfire Wreath.

Esikhathini esizayo, yobudala engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu - amaJalimane amane ngokuzethemba abaholayo umkhakha ibhayisikili kwezinga lemikhiqizo yezimboni. Fisher ukuyichaza kodwa ukubeka isinyathelo mshini crank. Ngaphambili isondo waqala ukwenza okwengeziwe ukunikeza rapidity. Okunjalo isikimu kinematic ithole igama ikhodi "isicabucabu", kodwa empeleni kwaba okufanayo, Artamonovskaya sakhiwo.

Manje akunandaba owasungula ibhayisikili. Naphezu inkimbinkimbi umklamo, ke anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa amathayi ampontshwayo, okuyinto ngokushesha waqala ukufakwa izimoto. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-British, Thomson kanye Dunlop, yasungulwa futhi wasebenzisa lezi zinto lapho wafaka amasondo ebhayisikili. Nokho, futhi lapha ngaphandle kwethu ungenzanga: Inventor Ivanov ezihlongozwayo ekhiqizwa eceleni kanye bezinhlamvu ikhamera.