Esihlazisayo sezitha neMpi Finnish

Lokhu ebusika nokhahlo akubanga iminyaka engu-50 kakade hit degrees 30 frost ngo-November, kanye ngoJanuwari, izinga lokushisa lehla 40-45 ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Futhi nezulu laphenya kwaze kwaba Mashi. ukujula eqhweni olufana ukhonkolo, kanye nezihlahla eminyaka ubudala zikaphayini wavele kusukela kubanda onjalo nimnikele lonke obuphelele nangomsindo like shot isibhamu. Angizisoli ubunjalo neqhwa, owawungumnyaka cishe nsuku zonke. Lokhu ebusika esiwugwadule ubekade 1939-1940 enyakatho-Soviet Union Finland. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ubuholi Soviet wanquma ajezise "ukugabadela White Finns" ezandleni iRed Army. Kusukela ngo-November 30 baqala "neznamenitaya" impi Soviet-IsiFinishi of 1939-1940, ngaleso sikhathi ababebizwa ngokuthi "umkhankaso wenkululeko".

Agasti 23, 1939 phakathi kweJalimane eU.SSR sasayinwa nonaggression isivumelwano. Futhi le dokhumenti, kukhona futhi ibhekwa imfihlo. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla ihlukaniswe sphere kwabo ithonya, futhi ngaphansi "iphiko" kweSoviet Union, phakathi kwamanye amazwe hit Finland. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kusukela ngoMashi 1938 Government of eSoviet Union kwaholela ezingxoxweni noHulumeni wanoma Finland ku nobumbano ukuze uqinise imingcele zasolwandle kanye umhlaba wawo womabili la mazwe. A imfuneko lezi zingxoxo kwaba umsebenzi eJalimane, e-Austria futhi izinkinga zokwenza isimo sezombusazwe eYurophu. AbaseSoviet wafuna ngokuyinhloko uthole ayisiqinisekiso sokuthi akukho isitha ngeke adabule endaweni Finnish futhi awukwazi ukusongela Leningrad kuthabathela ecaleni. Kodwa uhulumeni Finnish uye wenqaba ezinjalo, kanjalo wajabulisa isinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impi Finnish baba ngenakugwemeka.

Nokho, ngokushesha ama-Finns baye baqonda ukuthi esifushane sekuqhamuke kwaba kwenqaba, waqala ngamandla ukuze zithole ingalo. Usihlalo Defense Council, uma ababenakho Marshal Mannerheim. Futhi supply yayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-ezimbonini Finland wathola ku 'afuthe egcwele ". Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa Finnish oluqinisayo lempi kanye sesimanje we ezivikelweni, okuyinto yayikade elakhiwa Karelian Isthmus. Futhi emva kweJalimane yeCzechoslovakia (April 1939), nge isinyathelo zeSoviet Union, baqala esiyindilinga entsha izingxoxo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuholi Soviet ahlinzekwa Finland usizo lwebutho uma ubudlova. Futhi eziphendula Finns kwadingeka sokuqashisa Union iziqhingi eziningana elise eGulf of Finland. Bangabaholi kobuholi ezempi Union kuhlelwe ukufaka base ezengeziwe yokucasha Kronstadt kusukela olwandle. Nakuba Mannerheim wanxusa osopolitiki ukwamukela isiphakamiso zase-USSR, umbono lwakhe ayizange inakwe. Ngemva kwalokho, isisombululo sokuthula ukuba kuwukuphikisana phakathi kwezinhlangano yayingasekho nhlobo indlela yokubaleka, futhi empini Soviet-Finnish baba kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi.

A non-ubudlova isivumelwano eJalimane isikhashana likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa ezandleni eSoviet Union, eMoscow wanquma ukuba bahlasele Finland. isikhathi loluhlelekile, elaqala ngemva kweMpi Finnish ngo-1939, kwaba amabhomu iRed Army izikhundla Mainila emzaneni. Kwathi ngo-November 26, futhi kwenziwe lokhu NKVD sicasulwa esebenza ezicashe kwezinhloko zamaviyo Finnish. Ngemva kwalokho, phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili abangu elinqunywe zonke izinhlobo enobudlelwane, no-30 Novemba umkhankaso ayehlasela emikhulu iRed Army ensimini ka uthi angomakhelwane. Ubuholi lempi eU.SSR kuhlelwe amasonto amathathu ukuba baphule ibutho Finnish futhi hlala Helsinki.

Kodwa amacebo kweSoviet bamabutho awazange ezimiselwe ukulahlekelwa. A lokushaya frontal phezu edumile Mannerheim umugqa kuhlulekile. Khona-ke le nkulumo-ze yamaSoviet ukwesulwa ukwehluleka phezu inaccessibility kohlelo ukuzivikela. Nakuba empeleni nezivikelo Finnish elakhiwa Karelian Isthmus, wesikhathi 10 zaba ntekenteke French Maginot Wesithombe inani bunkers, pillboxes kanye wezikhali izikhali. Futhi eqinisweni, Mannerheim Line kwaba akusona isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa kuya ke Army. Nokho, iRed Army for namasonto amathathu okuqala ukuze ifohle ngisho Umugqa wokuqala izikhundla Finnish, ingasaphathwa umsebenzi Helsinki. Futhi 21 Disemba lokhu okuhlaselayo wayeka ngokuphelele, futhi 26 enyangeni efanayo, iRed Army waqhubeka azivikele. impi Finnish okusongelayo babe okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako.

Ngemva kwalokho, kwake kwazanywa ukubeka okubuhlungu asizayo ezikhundleni Finnish kuya enyakatho yeChibi Ladoga. Kodwa lo mzamo kushabalele, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezimbili "red" Division sebephila futhi ephukile ngokuphelele. Futhi ngokuvamile endaweni ye Finns ezungezwe futhi wabhidliza ukwahlukana ezinhlanu iRed Army. Futhi futhi amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela waqala Februwari 1, 1940 kuphela, ngemva kokuba Uthole azowalekelela abalulekile. Manje, phezu Mannerheim Line izinto North-Western Front, elaliholwa SK Tymoshenko. Yayihlanganisa 7th kanye Army 13. amabhomu Daily buthaka ngivikele Finns. Kwaba ngoFebhuwari 11, ukuvikela Finns iphutha. A Februwari 14, iRed Army wathatha imali edolobheni.

Ngakho, iRed Army kancane waqhubekela phambili, futhi ngo-March, isivele isiqalile impi edolobheni Vyborg. Manje uhulumeni Finnish, bebona ukuthi ukulwa ngeke kubasize okwengeziwe, wathumela amanxusa ku Moscow ukuqhuba izingxoxo zokuthula. Bathatha izinsuku 4, futhi Mashi 13 bonke lobu butha bunqamuka. impi Finnish sesiphelile, futhi uhulumeni zwe uthethe konke izimo anikela ubuholi Soviet. Ngenxa yalokho ngokunqoba nzima-USSR wathola emzini Vyborg, lonke Karelian Isthmus futhi endaweni esenyakatho yeLake Ladoga, kanye emzini Sortavala. Ngakho, sakwazi ibenze umngcele esuka kude impela eLeningrad 150 amakhilomitha, kuyilapho Finland ohlanganiswe USSR namanje akusebenzanga. Futhi Finns ngenxa yale mpi akusenanjongo esivikelweni sawo futhi abelokhu abangakwazi ukuzilwela.