Ukukhohliseka subjective of Berkeley futhi Hume

Phakathi ezimisweni eziningi zefilosofi ukuthi aqaphele igunya isimiso esingokomoya emhlabeni izinto ezibonakalayo, abambalwa ivelele izimfundiso John. Berkeley noDavide Hume, okungase kafushane kuchazwa ngokuthi ukukhohliseka subjective. I izimfanelo iziphetho zabo babe emibhalweni medieval scholastics-nominalists nabalandeli babo - ezifana conceptualism, John Locke, othi enifana - iyona kokuthikamezeka engokwengqondo njalo ezilokhu zivela izimpawu zezinto ezehlukene.

Kususelwa izikhundla John Locke, English umbhishobhi sefilosofi George. Berkeley wabanika incazelo yawo yangempela. Uma kukhona nje nihlakazeke, izinto elahliwe futhi kuphela kwengqondo yomuntu, ekubambeni okuvela esivela ezinye zalezi izakhiwo, ikhomba izinto eqenjini futhi ubiza kuqembu noma yimaphi amagama, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi akunakuba elufifi, hhayi ezisuselwa kuzakhiwo futhi izimfanelo lezinto ngokwazo. Lokho, asikwazi cabanga ngendoda ka abstract, kodwa ukucabanga ngokuthi "umuntu," sicabanga ngendlela ethile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu ukuqaphela kwethu Abstraction akudingeki khona kwabo, ikhiqizwa kuphela umsebenzi wethu ingqondo. Lena ukukhohliseka subjective.

Encwadini yakhe ethi "On the Izimiso Ulwazi Human" sazi bakha umqondo zalo eziyisisekelo: "ukuba khona" - kusho "ukuba waqonda." Siyaqonda into yethu izinzwa, kodwa ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi into efanayo imizwa yethu (nemibono) ngakho? J. ukukhohliseka subjective. Berkeley uthi sisangulukile thina "belingisa" injongo nombono wethu. Khona-ke kuvela, uma isihloko engazizwa into knowable, akukho muntu nhlobo - njengalokho sasikhona e-Antarctica, i-alpha izinhlayiya noma Pluto ezinsukwini zika George Berkeley ..

Umbuzo ke kuphakama: lutho phambi kwabantu? Ngenxa Umbhishobhi wamaKatolika, John. Berkeley waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ukukhohliseka yakhe subjective, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, solipsism, futhi bathuthele isikhundla ka ukukhohliseka umgomo. Endless e zeitgeist wayecabanga zonke izinto phambi ukuqala khona kwabo, futhi ubanika yona ukuzizwa. Futhi ngenxa zezinto futhi ngokulandelana umuntu kumelwe siphethe, kuze kufike uNkulunkulu uhlakaniphile futhi ezinhle.

isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani u Devid Yum athuthukile ukukhohliseka subjective of Berkeley. Ngokusekelwe emibonweni empiricism - emhlabeni yokufunda ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho - sefilosofi uxwayisa ngokuthi yokusingatha imibono yethu jikelele ngokuvamile zisekelwe sinomuzwa Imibono lezinto ngabanye. Kodwa isihloko kanye nombono wethu lemizwa ke - akuyona into efanayo njalo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wefilosofi - isifundo akasona kodwa zomhlaba subjective, kunemibono, imizwa, logic womuntu.

ukukhohliseka subjective of Berkeley futhi Hume kwakufanele nomthelela phezu kwemvelo empiricism British. It wasetshenziselwa, kanye French Ukukhanyiselwa, kanye ukufakwa umbono wokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa e ithiyori yolwazi Hume anikeza ugqozi kumiswa ukugxekwa Kant. Isikhundla "into ngokwako" usosayensi German kwaba ngesisekelo German nefilosofi classical. isimo sokulindela okuhle Epistemological Bacon nokugxeka Hume kamuva utshelwa zefilosofi umqondo "yokuqinisekisa" futhi "falsification" imibono.