Emazwini akhe, uPlato okufanele nizwane

"Ithemba - ukuvusa amaphupho ..." Ngokuthakazelisayo, uPlato - sefilosofi lokuqala imisebenzi kabani ezisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu, hhayi kuphela imiBhalo ekhonjiwe, kodwa futhi ngokuphelele. Plato kabani izitatimende agcwele ukuhlakanipha nokuqonda, lutho kwaba umfundi ka USocrates.

biography

I babelwazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa wesazi sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo nzima, kodwa abacwaningi bavumelane nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-428-427 BC. e., khona kanye phakathi nendawo of the Peloponnesian War. Kukholakala ukuthi uPlato Emazwini akhe acashunwe ngumhlaba wonke, akazalwanga ngo i suku okwejwayelekile, futhi usuku lokuzalwa kukankulunkulu Apollo (ngokuvumelana izinganekwane). UPlato wazalelwa emndenini ahlukile, ogama izimpande phindela amakhosi Attica. Ezinye Late Antiquity Philosophy abacwaningi wabhala ukuthi lo mfana ogqoka ezikanokusho ekhulelwa.

Uthisha sakhe sokuqala kwaba Cratylus, kodwa ngokushesha kwenzeka ajwayelane uSocrates, owaba uyisihluthulelo ngoba nefilosofi kaPlato. USocrates litholakala cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi umbhali, nakulokhu okulotshiwe kule Kwakuba yingxoxo phakathi bangempela noma ngamanga. Lapho uthisha wakhe eshona, isazi sefilosofi waqhubeka nohambo. In Sicily, wazama ukwakha isimo ekahle, esibuswa abahlakaniphileyo kuphela, kodwa imizamo akuphumelelanga. Ngokushesha, uPlato waphindela e-Athene futhi wasungula isikole - Academy. Ngokokulandisa, lo sazi wafa ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, futhi wangcwatshwa khona iSikhungo Sezemfundo. Wembelwa ngaphansi kwegama Aristokl ( "Inkazimulo engcono"), okuyinto okuthiwa igama lakhe langempela.

imisebenzi

Kuyini uPlato wabhala? Isazi sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo wabhala eziningi imisebenzi eziye benziwe "umzimba kaPlato". Collection iqukethe wonke amarekhodi okuhlotshaniswa igama zefilosofi kusukela endulo. UPlato yena akazange sizibandakanye ukuhleleka kuka ekhethekile imisebenzi yakhe, ngoba benza Aristophanes waseByzantium futhi Thrasyllus. imibhalo Contemporary wesazi sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, aguqulelwe abafundi Henri Etennom - philologist French Hellenist kwekhulu XVI.

ontology

Plato kabani zitatimende ezisebenzayo ezihlukahlukene izizinda zokuphila, kwaba umsunguli futhi lweli isiqondiso emibonweni yami. Kusho ukuthini? Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angaba khona kuphela ngempela phakathi kwemibono (Eidos). Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ngokuvamile, ngaphansi imibono wesazi sefilosofi kusho umqondo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi injongo yawo nokuthi isizathu khona. Yena ugxeke imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwenza zonke izinto, ethi konke kuhlobene emhlabeni.

It unaka kakhulu uPlato umqondo omuhle, okuyinto akumnandi noma ewusizo, futhi kukhona isibusiso ngempela. Lo mqondo, efanisa Sun, okuyinto aphakeme knowable ezinhle.

Emazwini akhe kaPlato mayelana nesimo

Umqondo isimo kusekelwe 'wezinsika' ezintathu eziyinhloko: ababusi-zefilosofi, amasosha kanye nezisebenzi. Umqondo eyinhloko ukuthi isimo kufanele zizinze. Lokhu ingatholakala kuphela uma abantu abaphethwe yizinkampani ibhodi zefilosofi ohlakaniphile, insimu isimo ivikelwe ekuhlaseleni kungenzeka ibutho eziqinile, futhi manje ukhonza ke bonke abantu abavamile. Lokhu ukwehlukana imisebenzi, ngokuvumelana uPlato iyona enengqondo kunazo futhi zilungile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbono okufanelekelayo kakhulu ukuba elibonakalayo ngesikhathi sako, kodwa sefilosofi ukholelwa ukuthi injabulo yomuntu ngokuyinhloko asihlobene injabulo bonke Polis. Futhi naphezu kwalokhu, ebhala: "Ukunakekela injabulo yabanye, sithola eyethu" futhi "Izinceku Bangaki, izitha eziningi kangaka."

Yini enye engingabuye uPlato ezaziwayo? Isazi sefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, wazakhela imodeli zesistimu enhle:

• Class 4, okuyinto zihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana impahla;
• kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuphathwa uhlelo;
• imali ogunyaziwe, impahla siqu kanye kudalwa imindeni yabantu esuka amakilasi nomphakathi;
• isiqondiso esiqinile yi zombuso kuwo wonke amazinga emphakathini.

Emazwini akhe kaPlato ngokuphila

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, injongo yokuphila komuntu kumele ubanjwe e Poznan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube ukhonkolo kanye nama-practical, futhi ephazamiseka ngaphezulu, ekhona for ngokwalo. Yingakho ifilosofi yokuphila - kuba emihle kakhulu.

Umcabangi ukholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kwabantu wabizela ngezimiso zalo ezintathu: ingqondo, ukufutheka kanye nogqozi. Ingqondo ivame ukuba nolwazi nomsebenzi bayazi. ekuqaleni okunodlame kusiholela benqoba ubunzima futhi sifinyelele ofiselekayo. Ngemvelo le yingozi kakhulu umphefumulo, njengobana kutjengiswa izinkanuko engapheli: "Kutfutfukiswa buoyancy incike ezihlekisayo, kodwa nibe msulwa of imidlalo."

Ukunaka omkhulu empilweni ngokomzimba, isazi sefilosofi futhi Uzindla umphefumulo. Uhola 4 agumenti esivuna umphefumulo womuntu awufi. Yena okholwa ukuthi ngemva kokufa umphefumulo wethu uyaqhubeka ephila endaweni ethile ubukhulu ezahlukene.

mayelana umuntu

UPlato amazwi adumile indoda ngokuvamile kakhulu uthinte umphefumulo - waphakade futhi onobunye. Kwaba esona okunxanelayo ulwazi futhi "zidinga" kubo kusukela kulo muntu: ". Indoda - biped wingless ngezipikili flat, okuyinto singangena kule ulwazi" Isazi sefilosofi ibona ubunjalo esikabili komphefumulo womuntu, kukhona amathonya amabili aphikisanayo. "Winner" ngesikhathi esifanayo inquma ngentando yomuntu. Iningi uyakufanelekela lokwedelela indoda obuswa ngezinkolelo-ze.

Kufinyeta lesi sihloko, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi iningi izitatimende kaPlato ehambisana namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, lithi: "Isiqalo esihle - isivele kuyigxathu."

Ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi umuntu kufanele sikhulume izwi lakho ongaphakathi, hhayi ukuba rant ngalokho ukuphila sulphur, buthuntu futhi dreary. UPlato amazwi kusiza ukubheka izinto eziningi ehlukile, bakholwa yokuthi ngeke ukunquma ikusasa yomuntu.