UBharuki Spinoza (1632-1677) - esikhathini esizayo Benedict Spinoza - ummeleli esivelele kunazo zonke nefilosofi yesimanje, wayehlala futhi esebenza e ucwaningo e-Netherlands. Wabeka izisekelo Enlightment, ukugxekwa yesimanje kweBhayibheli kanye umqondo welithi "Mina", kungenziwa omkhulu abazibheka Benedikt Spinoza XVII leminyaka.
"Izimiso zokuhle", umsebenzi eyisisekelo sazi, lapho ephonsa inselele ukubukwa ka kwenza Descartes 'kwengqondo nomzimba, isazi sefilosofi alethwe baqashelwa izingqondo enamandla kakhulu wefilosofi Western. Umsebenzi kuyinto wobuciko elingenakuphikwa, okuyinto banqatshelwe ngu nomqondo imisebenzi ephakathi. Hegel wakhuluma esikhathi ukuthi noma ukwamukela ukuthi postulates ifilosofi Spinoza, noma akuzona nhlobo zefilosofi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imisebenzi yakhe sazi wabonisa okukhulu yesayensi ithalente, ububanzi ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi yayo ziye esikalini kuphela okukhona emva kokufa sefilosofi sika.
Benedict Spinoza. "Izimiso zokuhle" kanye imfundiso lomcebo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi, ngaphezu sciences yomuntu, isazi sefilosofi u sina umxhwele wezibalo. Akumangalisi yakhe edumile ethi, wakha kumigomo geometry, njengoba kubhekwa umthombo wezibalo zamandla ubufakazi bokuthi yena, sifinyelela iziphetho obuphathekayo. Ekuqaleni ingxenye indatshana ngamunye ingabe imiqondo eyisisekelo, futhi kulandela axioms - izitatimende kuyabonakala ukuthi asidingi yimuphi ngukulungisiswa. Amanye amavesi namazwana, okuyizinto nefilosofi eziyinhloko zomsebenzi, esekelwe imiqondo kanye axioms futhi kuyafaneleka usebenzisa ubufakazi eholela Spinoza.
"Izimiso zokuhle" iqala ngehlathululo ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kukaNkulunkulu yonke - futhi lokhu ingenye yezingxenye zayo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiko, kukholakala ukuthi uNkulunkulu ngaphandle izwe kangaka waze yawudala ngasizathu simbe, nokuthi, uma uthanda, ungase udale into ezahlukene - ngamunye ngalezi zinsolo zingamanga. "UNkulunkulu imvelo," - uthi Spinoza. ifilosofi yakhe ngale ndaba itholakala lokuthi konke lokho yonke imfuyo iyunifomu kuphelele futhi akupheli, okuyinto luhlukaniswe zokudala nokudalwa. Ngakho, ketshezi okudala Nkulunkulu, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinto futhi izidalwa - "munye" yakhe, ketshezi wadala. izindlela variable of course kuncike ngokuphelele imbangela yayo - Nkulunkulu, ngubani essence kwawo kwangaphakathi.
Emhlabeni akukho ithuba, kuphetha Spinoza. "Izimiso zokuhle" postulates ukuthi ithuba kuphela umfanekiso isihloko kanye nokusetshenziswa isici - esibaluleke kwangaphakathi ukhona. Isazi sefilosofi kwaba umsekeli Determinism kanzima: yonke imicimbi abe imbangela, ngisho imizwelo yabantu. Ngakho, Spinoza wagomela ukuthi kudalwa indawo yonke owamiswa futhi Kwakungesona isenzo yentando. Nokho, isazi sefilosofi akakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Wayezitshela ukuthi imibono eyiphutha mayelana nemvelo oqinisekileyo kaNkulunkulu - ngokungazi, nenkolo yeqiniso kumelwe kuqale kwakhiwe ngesisekelo nokuziphatha nolwazi, efana ngokwesayensi.