Kungani ku iziphuzo energy phambi Radium ungeze?

kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni njalo okubangela ukukhathala yakho? Unomuzwa wokuthi lutho awunaso isikhathi, futhi ungenayo amandla ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi? Mhlawumbe nawe ungomunye wezigidi abathengi abathembela amandla athokozise futhi ulethe zonke izinto kuze kube sekupheleni.

Ukusungulwa kwe-leminyaka elidlule

Nakuba kungase iziphuzo energy ngokuthi uphawu besikhathi sethu, awayona kokusungulwa inkulungwane entsha yeminyaka. Abantu uthembele kuye, uzama ukunqoba ukukhathala, okungenani ngekhulu elidlule. Namuhla "amandla" yabo ngokuvamile livela uhlobo oluthile stimulator esithinta izinzwa, okwenza uzizwe lisebenza kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ushukela abavamile.

Kodwa kwaba khona isikhathi lapho iziphuzo energy empeleni equkethwe amandla kwangempela enemisebe. Isithako asebenzayo kulezi iziphuzo kwaba Radium - isici enemisebe olukhiqiza omningi amandla emisebeni ngokuwa athomu ngalinye. Futhi nakuba ngokwamanga ukuhlobana phakathi ukusetshenziswa izakhi radioactive, futhi ukuvela energy icala iyaxokozela kakhulu ke akuzange kubavimbe abantu 1900s zakuqala, okuyinto indiva izingozi ezaziwayo nemiphumela impilo yesikhathi eside.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ukunambitheka Radium

Omunye imikhiqizo amandla anjalo aqukethe Radium kwaba RadiThor. Empeleni, lesi siphuzo amandla lalinabashumayeli Radium ziyoncibilika emanzini. It wadayiswa ngawo-1920 e amabhodlela 30 ml. Izindleko kwaba cishe $ 1 (okulingana zamadola-15 ngonyaka ka-2016). Umenzi uthi lesi siphuzo ngeke kuphela ukukunikeza amandla, kodwa futhi ukwelapha izifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuvusa induku. Ubufakazi inzuzo empilweni zobulili zabantu akwanele, kodwa okungenani eyodwa yephepha ucwaningo wawuthi Radium buhlanjululwe ngamanzi kungandisa "isifiso sobulili zintulo yasemanzini." Kubantu abaningi ngenkathi ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe Viagra ubufakazi kwakwanele. RadiThor ube yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi abathengi.

Umlandeli we amandla angavamile

Umthengi edume kakhulu kwaba RadiThor Eben Byers - usozimboni ePittsburgh wegalofu futhi amateur. Byers owaqala ukusebenzisa RadiThor, uma welapha nokuphola kwengalo ephukile. Nakuba lo mkhiqizo ayinazo izidakamizwa, Byers baba imilutha ke, okungenani nasengqondweni, uma kungekhona physiologically. Waqhubeka kudla imali enkulu RadiThor isiphuzo ngisho nangemva isandla sakhe kukusindisile. Kubikwa ukuthi wayephuza ngokuthi utholakala ngebhodlela noma nsuku zonke ezimbili iminyaka engaphezu kuka amathathu isiphuzo ngokuzikhandla Kunconywa bonke abangane bami. Ezinye zazo futhi waqala ukuphuza njalo RadiThor.

Ekugcineni, ukwencika Byers RadiThor wambulala. Ngeshwa, ukusetshenziswa Radium kuthinte amathambo, njengoba bonke amandla emisebe ye-elondolozwe ku bone. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma Radium skeleton Byers umthamo omkhulu ngemisebe. Walahlekelwa iningi emhlathini zigcwele izimbobo e kogebhezi eziningi nezinye izifo ezihlobene ithambo. Ekugcineni, wafa ukufa enyantisayo-March 31, 1932.

Ukuphindwa sifundo ngezingozi radioactivity

Shame lesi simo kwaba iqiniso lokuthi izingozi ukusetshenziswa Radium wayaziwa ngisho nangaphambi Byers waqala ukuthatha RadiThor. Umphakathi wezokwelapha iye ukutadisha umphumela Radium empilweni yomuntu njengoba kuvulwe Marie Pierre Curie e 1898. usosayensi waseBrithani Walter uLazaru-Barlow ngo-1913 olukhishwe idatha lapho udle Radium iya ithambo. Ngo-1914, u-Ernst Zublin, uprofesa wokwelapha ngokumpompela e-University of Maryland, eshicilelwe ukubuyekeza 700 amarekhodi zezokwelapha, eziningi eyabonisa ukuthi bone necrosis kuye kwaba njalo ecaleni umphumela ephuza Radium. Ngeshwa, lezi amafulegi ekuseni obomvu kungaqashelwa, futhi yokuthengisa RadiThor wahlala endaweni engamamitha 1920.

Ucwaningo ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ye e ithambo

Byers lapho efa, wabulungwa ebhokisini lokungcwaba uphahlwe phambili ukuvimba imisebe eyingozi evela amathambo emzimbeni wakhe. wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu emithathu kamuva, ngo-1965, usosayensi Robley Evans bagubhe Byers skeleton, ukuze kukalwe Radium emathanjeni akhe. Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye-ukuphila Radium uneminyaka engu 1600 ubudala, Byers amathambo bacishe esilinganayo Radium, njengoba ngosuku wafa.

Evans yayiyisazi sawo nesilinganiso futhi ukumodeliswa nezibalo ukumuncwa futhi kukhuthaza umzimba womuntu owakheke ngayo izakhi enemisebe. Ngesisekelo amarekhodi Byers Evans RadiThor ukusetshenziswa ibalwa ukuthi isidumbu kwaba uqukethe mayelana 100,000 BQ. Becquerel kuyinto iyunithi wezizwe nesilinganiso radioactivity. Kodwa yathola ukuthi izinsalela lwamathambo empeleni aqukethe ingqikithi 225.000 Becquerel. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi model of the bamba radiative Evans ayinembile, noma cishe Byers efanayo phansi RadiThor ukusetshenziswa okungenani izikhathi ezimbili. Kodwa manje akunakwenzeka ukuba uthole ukuthi iyiphi yalezi zindlela ilungile.

Ngemva Evans eseqedile izilinganiso kwabo Radium ezingeni, walibuyisela amathambo Byers e lomngcwabo wakhe phambili e Pittsburgh, lapho ehlala khona namuhla.

Kungani kwakungekho amacala yokufa mass

Nakuba Byers Yiqiniso, ehlaselwe Radium e RadiThor, ukusetshenziswa energy iziphuzo like never zaphenduka crisis sína emkhakheni wezempilo yomphakathi. Kuze kube yimanje, kwakukhona izizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngokungafani RadiThor, iningi nezinye "amandla" iziphuzo emakethe kwakufanele mbumbulu. Awaqukathi yimiphi Radium noma yimuphi omunye isici enemisebe. Okwesibili, RadiThor kanye neminye imikhiqizo ukuthi empeleni aqukethe Radium, kwakubiza kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi Radium kwaba ayeyivelakancane futhi eziwusizo esinazo, futhi inqubo isizinda kanye nokuhlanzwa bekulokhu ebizayo. Ngakho ukuthi kuphela abantu abacebile efana Byers, ayenamandla okukwenza ukuyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezibangelwa RadiThor, uvele kuphela labo bantu ezimbalwa ezazivunyelwe ukuba ukukhokhela isiphuzo.

Ekugcineni, ngo-isithakazelo Ukuvikelwa empilweni yomphakathi likahulumeni Uvale Bailey Radium Laboratories - inkampani ekhiqiza RadiThor. Ngenxa yalokho we Radium equkethe amandla iziphuzo kuye kwanyamalala emakethe umthengi by 1932.

Evuselela e iziphuzo yesimanje

Namuhla ezimakethe iziphuzo energy ancike caffeine ukuba "avuselele" amaklayenti sabo bese sibanika amandla ukuthi bafuna. Caffeine - isithako owaziwayo ikhofi, itiye, ushokoledi kanye Cola. Akakwazi kube njengoba exotic njengoba Radium, kodwa ngempela ivuselela, ukuze abantu yisikhonyane, uzizwa kuqubule amandla futhi nempilo yabo engozini.