Izimiso ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla njengoba imibono yezombangazwe futhi zomthetho

Ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla - imfundiso, elivela ukugomela isidingo sokuhlukanisa isimo (ngomqondo obanzi - yimuphi omunye), namandla ngokuzilimaza vzaimokontroliruyuschie legatsha. Ngokuphathelene ngokuqondile amandla isimo division Kusolwa we zomthetho legatsha, mphathi zokwahlulela.

izimiso yoMthethosisekelo ka ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla okokuqala njengoba umbono kwesokudla abangu ezihlongozwayo nguJohane. Locke ngemcondvo wakhe we "inkontileka nomphakathi." Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1689. Njengoba isigaba zezombusazwe kanye zomthetho, izimiso baye zande phakathi nekhulu le-18 ngemuva ukubonakala imisebenzi SH.-L. Lakho.

Kodwa akufanele sicabange ukuthi lokhu phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi futhi ekuqaleni ukusebenza nokusebenzisa umqondo. Ezinye izimiso noma izakhi ezitholakala kulentuthuko theory ongqondongqondo lasendulo. Ngakho, u-Aristotle ahlinzekwa ukwabelana amandla emagatsheni, njengoba nje enjalo kwaholela isishayamthetho, tinkhantolo temtsetfo kanye izikhulu, lapho igatsha ngalinye iholwa umzimba ehlukile.

Izimiso ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla njengoba izinga zomthetho ziye zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo -US soMthethosisekelo, futhi abalobi - "obaba owasungula" - sikude futhi ngisho isimiso ukuhlukanisa "mpo", okuyinto kwaba alawule ubudlelwane phakathi isikhungo sikahulumeni namazwe. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, izimiso ka ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla aye ubhekwa njengomunye woFakazi naletintfo enkulu isimo kanye lomthetho wesayensi, okuyinto, nokho, baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa, isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe, izimiso ohlwini iye ngokuhunyushwa ngobubanzi - bezilokhu ezimele futhi owasungula, ukulawula, legatsha zikhethe.

Njengoba umqondo kwezepolitiki futhi esemthethweni ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla kusikisela ukuthi ukuba khona kwabo nje emthethweni ukusebenza nokusebenzisa asisekelo ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kombuso yesimanje.

Izimiso ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla ehilela eziningi izixazululo zenhlangano kanye nokuqukethwe kuyizinto onobuhle eziyisisekelo ekuklanyweni isimo kanye nomthetho. Bona liyasho ukuthi hlobo lwamandla eyenziwa ngokukhethekile wadala for lokhu uhulumeni ngamunye: zomthetho - ephalamende, isigungu - neziphathimandla esiphezulu (IKhabhinethi), namajaji - lwebulungisa. Uma lokhu evunywe ukuzimela eyisihlobo imisebenzi zonke lezi izikhungo, okuyinto ngokomthetho ezalethwa ukwehlukana amandla nemikhakha kwesicelo yale mibuso.

Iziphathimandla imisebenzi anikezwa ngendlela yokuthi amandla kungukuthi kabili e izenzo ezithile zemizimba yabo kanye ngayinye amagatsha kungaba ngezinga elithile ukulawula ezinye legatsha. Emazweni nge uhlelo multi-level yokwakhiwa ngendlela isakhiwo isimo-indawo (Federation) futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza okwesikhathi ocacile kwamandla phakathi kahulumeni kanye ezindaweni ezimaphakathi bayingxenye isimo. Imodeli wanamuhla ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla futhi iqukethe imfuneko ukunikeza ukulinganisela somthetho phakathi kwamagatsha. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ugweme ingcindezelo lomthetho lomuntu legatsha kunelinye futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke yini kubangele isimo ukusungula wezombusazwe wobushiqela, okuyiwona wona design okunjalo futhi lubonakala.

Izimiso zihlanganisa nesidingo sokuba ukwakha indlela kwamandla, lapho amagatsha Okusizayo okwakheka nomunye ngezithukuthuku amandla okushaya imithetho basakaza ukulawula mutual ibhalansi ngokusungula ngokucacile for igatsha ngalinye into Umqhubi.

Kuze kube manje, umqondo ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla kuyinto isimiso owamukelwa ukwakhiwa isimo yesimanje kanye luyasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezingafani cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, lapho isimo phambi ikambisolawulo kule ndawo. Amanye amazwe zisebenzisa imodeli zakudala, kanti kwabanye ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izimiso umlamuleli ngamasiko kazwelonke kanye nesiko ekwakheni isizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, e-China, ngaphezu bendabuko, kodwa labelwe amagatsha ezifana ukulawula kanye nomthetho. Nesimo esifanayo futhi eTaiwan.

Ngo uthi lapho lakhiwa nemibuso yezombangazwe wobushiqela kanye bangomashiqela, izimiso ka ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla, noma ayifakiwe nhlobo noma lwenteke ngokusemthethweni.