Kuyini Hydraulics? Ukuchaza umqondo

imishini umfutholuketshezi basonta uhlelo endala asetshenziswe ubunjiniyela esisebenzayo. Ngu uqobo, isimiso isinyathelo ngomshini kancane kancane ilahlekelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo njengoba isibambo ezingcono ukushayela izindlela. Kodwa ngenxa amathuba elinganiselwe zokuhlanganisa izixazululo ezintsha futhi ezibiza kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi igcina isikhundla salo kanye Mechanics bendabuko. Uyini hydraulics ezisebenza esimweni yesimanje? Lokhu ingqalasizinda, okuyinto ehilelekile imishini, izakhiwo kanye izindawo, ukuhlinzeka amandla anele ukuze actuate amayunithi obusebenzayo nemikhulu.

Inchazelo eziyisisekelo hydraulics

Kusukela umbono wesayensi, hydraulics - ingxenye yolwazi, esehlanganise imithetho ezinyakazayo futhi yakhoibrium eziwuketshezi. Lesi sangoma aqueous e ngandlela-thile kuyinto Isici esiyinhloko isifundo kulesi siqondiso. Ngaphezu ucwaningo theory kanye ososayensi zokuhlola abathintekayo uvivinyo, imiphumela okuyinto yakha isendlalelo sokobana ikhambi izinkinga engineering isicelo. imisebenzi Scientific enikelwe imithetho amanzi ukuhamba ngokusebenzisa imigudu iphayiphi, imibhede emfuleni futhi imishini wokubacindezela. Kodwa full ukuqonda lokho hydraulics buyinqqikithi yesayensi, asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle eyala ahlobene, amathuluzi okuyinto iyaphendulwa cwaningo. Lezi zihlanganisa i-physics, mathematics kanye Mechanics. izifundo ezimbili wokubacindezela futhi ugqamisa - timongcondvo static kanye ashukumisayo. Hydrodynamics kwento kwenza kusoleke kinematics emanzini njengoba enjalo, kodwa emihle emithethweni hydrostatic nokuxhumana uketshezi nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi kanye ukudla okuqinile.

hydraulics Ubunginiyela

Namanje eyaziwa ngokuthi isayensi hydraulics kwesigaba akuyona njengoba wonke nje uma eqhathaniswa naso nemikhiqizo yalo emkhakheni esisebenzayo. Kungokufanayo osetshenziswayo amaphrojekthi zobunjiniyela olwazini - isibonelo, omunye imikhiqizo endala ka hydraulics kuyinto umsele. Namuhla, imithetho amandla uketshezi asisekelo ukuthuthukiswa amapayipi izinhlelo, imishini reciprocating, amanzi nokunye. D.

Ezimweni eziningi lolu hlobo lomsebenzi wokubacindezela ihlelwe njengoba ushayela force ngokushayela amayunithi serviced. Isibonelo yakudala umshini wokubacindezela. Ngokuvamile singakwazi ngokuthini le ncazelo hydraulics ubunjiniyela - iqoqo izakhi ukwakhiwa mechanical, okuyinto idivayisi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa uketshezi njengenhlangano imvelo isebenza. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi amanzi ungumthombo amandla. Kuphela amandla umhumushi ukuthi sinamathela nezinye izindlela, okuyinto yena, ivuswe ngu motors kagesi namandla amayunithi uketshezi noma okuqinile-nophethiloli.

Izinhlobo ukucupha wokubacindezela

Ukusebenza wokubacindezela umshini umjikelezo incike wesifunda lapho amanzi ukhiphela. Lokhu nentaba yiso inquma isikhathi wokusebenza yamanzi, phakathi ngalo ozuza amandla avela injini futhi adlulisele kwezinye izingxenye system. Izinhlobo ezimbili kwegazi ukucupha ungabahlukanisa kulo mongo - ne izikhungo evulekile kanye evaliwe.

Esimweni sokuqala uketshezi ukulawula umphini ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwe-piston ihlinzeka okukhipha ezimbili. Okungukuthi, kungenzeka kwemigomo ingcindezi ushintsho kuncike isikhundla wamanje we piston, kanye nama-liquid ithunyelwa umjikelezo duty noma emuva ku-valve. It ulawula ukuhamba sesigaxa piston kanye valve.

Ukuze uqonde isimiso okusebenzela kuyo irherho le-closed-ke kuyadingeka ukuba abuyele kwencazelo lokho hydraulics, futhi baxhumana kanjani ne powertrain. Njengoba hydraulics kuphela ingqalasizinda, okuyinto ihlelwe amayunithi obusebenzayo ukukhonza ketshezi, kunengqondo ukuthi amandla imvelo ukusebenza kungaba bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni izenzo imishini yezobuchwepheshe. Kulokhu lo msebenzi zisebenza amaphampu valve, ukuvala ngokuphelele wesifunda.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo drive

uhlelo ehlukene, olunikezwa actuators angahlelekile futhi elawulwa. Model kubhekwe angahlelekile drive wokubacindezela, lapho inkomba futha ingcindezi njalo setha amagugu sifana. Idatha erekhodiwe kumelwe futhi iyophakama kuno-embundwini ezingeni ingcindezi umthwalo. Lokho, dala Inkomba strip, okuyinto ilingana futha.

I yokuntula lokhu indlela zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu ngamandla, kusukela ekugcineni njalo ingcindezi eliphezulu inefficiently at imithwalo ongaphakeme. Ngokusho leliqhinga, isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwe Excavator wokubacindezela, ukulawula izici ukwesekwa. Njengoba lo msebenzi itholakala wemfanelo omkhulu ngokulandela nokuphepha, abakhiqizi banikele izinsalela rwe umthelela. Nokho, e-Excavator efanayo angahlelekile drive izisekelo kungenziwa kulekelelwa uhlelo adjustable ukuthi elungiselelwe ukuphendula ngoba nezinamathiselo umsebenzi. Lolu hlobo lwe-futha ihlinzeka drive wokubacindezela futhi ingcindezi iconsi ngenxa valve yayo ngokulingene futhi compensator sibe nomthelela ohlangothini.

accumulator wokubacindezela

Izindlela ukusebenzisa uketshezi amandla isizinda kanye namadivayisi ukuqongelela. izinhlelo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama gidroemkostnymi ukukhiqiza amandla namanzi, okuyinto ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngesikhathi wokusebenza. Kulokhu, ibhethri ngokwayo ngokuvamile kuba ingxenye mechanical drive wokubacindezela.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kumadivayisi - ikakhulukazi, womoya kanye entwasahlobo. Ngo umkhakha isetshenziswa kanye efaka ephezulu ingcindezi hydraulics, okuyinto izindawo zenziwa elula kodwa afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye umthwalo Ukuphatha imithwalo. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo accumulator kumelwe silondoloze ingcindezi ezingeni elinqunyiwe, nale ngaphandle futhi ahlelembe ukuvuza vibration ngenxa umphumela Damping.

Imishini izinhlelo wokubacindezela

Okuvame kakhulu izinto ezifana imishini nge nezinamathiselo - ku abembayo, ogandaganda izimoto ukuvunwa efanayo. Kabanzi hydraulics e onobuhle zabo abaklami we Minsk izixaxa Plant (MTZ).

Standard, esetshenziswa kulezi tractor kuhlanganisa amaphampu, valve, futhi piping amasilinda. Duty umjikelezo, esinikela hydraulics overcurrent, kungenziwa elabekwa kanje: uketshezi ingena kusukela ithangi ukuba futha, kuthunyelwa distributor, kuyinto iqembu piston futhi wabuyela ethangini. Inguquko kusuka valve kuya amasilinda ukuze inqubo ukulawulwa exhunyiwe imishini opharetha esebenzisa iziyisikhombisa okuyinto ukulawula ukugeleza uketshezi eqenjini piston, kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi wamanje.

Izikhungo izindlela wokubacindezela

yesondlo Zokuzivikela ngokuvamile kungagcini imisebenzi Lubrication izingxenye ngabanye futhi izingxenye uhlelo wokubacindezela. Phakathi luhlolo umuntu ophethe lembula izimpawu zokuguga, ukusonteka futhi umonakalo. Njengomthetho, hydraulics ukulungisa kuyehla kube esikhundleni piston liner, izinduku kanye ofeleba. Ngo ngendlela evamile okudlekayo olusha ngesimo O-amasongo.

isiphetho

Hydraulics - lena ngenye yezindlela elula ukuze uthole amandla mechanical kusho etholakalayo. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi hydraulics, futhi nokuthi kuletha izinzuzo ezinjani umsebenzisi Ngokwesilinganiso, kungenziwa okuthiwa yayisemngceleni isibonelo uzotshala imishini. Garden iziteshi amanzi ukudonsa bahlinza izimiso ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela, ukuchitha ubuncane amandla. Ezingeni ephakeme izikimu efanayo usebenza compressors namathuluzi womoya.