Iphosta - Yini lokhu? Okusho futhi izinhlobo amaphosta

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, poster - uyinto ujwayelene nalokho umuntu ubhekene izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ngakho baye bafunda uyizibe. Nokho, eminyakeni engu-100 kuphela edlule le nto yayiyimbi a gimmick futhi kwenza wonke umuntu ubona, ephumula e bababuke yikho konke okuye kwabhalwa ngale kwalo. Kanjani iphosta? Kuyini lokhu? Yini izinhlobo amaphosta lapho? Sazise ngakho.

Meaning of igama elithi "poster"

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda incazelo Ibizo kubhekwe.

Iphosta ngokuthi ukukhangisa noma ukusakaza inkolo isithombe, ephelezelwa umbhalo encane noma isiqubulo iDemo. Njengomthetho, amaphosta akhiqizwa nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezisukela A3.

Ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-poster noma amaphosta.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zithombe ogibele izindonga iminyango zezakhiwo noma ezindaweni eziqokiwe ngokukhethekile. Abanye abalandeli amaphosta okleivayut angaphansi ezindlu zabo eziyizitezi.

Ngomqondo ewumngcingo ngaphezulu ukuthi izwi isho uhlobo oluthile ihluzo.

Futhi, lolu Ibizo ingenye abamemezeli edume kakhulu ze-USSR abizwa ekuso, yayikhona kusukela 70s yaphakathi kuya ku-2006 Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, "Iphosta" ezikhethekile hhayi kuphela eponymous ukukhiqizwa okukhulunywa ngakho, kepha futhi ukuphrinta ngifaka, ekumeni, izithombe, njll . n.

I etymology kwegama elithi kokubuyekezwa,

Thola izimpendulo mbuzo: "Kuyini - iphosta", kuyafaneleka sicabangela imvelaphi zebizo.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e isiRashiya izwi sabhalwa ngo 1704 kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, Nokho, bekubonakala ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa.

Ngo-Russian lavelaphi Latin, French nezilimi-German. Kwathi ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga Izakhamuzi zaseRoma bavame ukusebenzisa placatum eside, owabiza isikhangiso.

Ngemva namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva ngolimi French kwamiswa kusukela plaquer isenzo placatum ( «naleplyat okuthile"). Futhi yena, waba negalelo elikhulu ukuvela ngamazwi Ibizo izingqwembe.

Kusukela ethemini French liye waboleka amaJalimane futhi ingasebenza modified - das Plakat. Kuyinto kuleli fomu zebizo ubekade isiRashiya, futhi liye lasinda kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kuyaphawuleka iqiniso ezithakazelisayo: eFrance namuhla izingqwembe eside kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, esikhundleni langempela izwi affich. Emazweni abakhuluma isiNgisi ibizwa ngokuthi i-poster.

Izici poster

Ukubona lolu hlobo enezinto eziningi izici ekhethekile ukuhlukanisa kusukela kweminye imikhiqizo zokunyathelisa.

Okokuqala, lena inhloso ngawo sidalwe: ukuze zidonse ukunaka abanye futhi batshelwe ngezinguquko okuthile. Kule ndaba, amaphosta nemibhalo eqoshiwe kubo ngokuvamile enziwa esikhulu 'iyezwakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa okungenani umbhalo, hhayi isondo ngabaqaphi Ukufundwa eside ubanikeze ikhono lokuqonda ngokushesha okuqondiwe.

Njengomthetho, umbhalo ephepheni lokwazisa - lena abanye isiqubulo esimnandi (ngokuvamile elementi amahlaya noma ubuciko benkulumo enomqondo ofanayo) futhi igama umkhiqizo noma umsebenzi, ukukwazisa ukuthi wenza lesi sithombe.

Indaba le poster

amaphosta zokwazisa umkhankaso futhi aqala esetshenziswa abantu eGibhithe lasendulo. Nokho, nakuba amaphosta kwakufanele ukubamba izinceku runaway.

AmaGreki namaRoma zazidingeka ngaphezulu kwamasiko futhi. Babesebenzisa amapheshana ne izithombe nombhalo ukwazisa iziphakamiso ukuhweba, kanye amaphosta for yemidlalo.

Poster lokuqala (ngomqondo wesimanje) ukuthi ngesineke ngomyalo we umdayisi wezincwadi wangaleso British Batdolda 1482 Businessman nalo uzama ukumaketha uhlelo olusha "geometry Euclidean".

Ngemva kwalokho, amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka amaphosta avele ngempela ezingavamile. Nokho, phakathi nekhulu XIX. lithographer French Zhyul Shere wanquma ukuthuthukisa umqondo Batdolda. Ngo-1866 wavula studio yakhe siqu, onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa amaphosta Paris. Cheret, inkampani ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Ukuze uthole kweminyaka embalwa, azidalile phezu izinkulungwane amaphosta elikhanyayo, ukumema ukuba ube khona ukusebenza noma nemibukiso. Ngamunye poster yayo - kwaba umsebenzi wangempela yobuciko, okuyinto wonke enziwa ngesandla. By the way, Cher babebeke izimiso eziyisisekelo ubuciko design amaphosta ukuthi awalulahlanga ukuqondana abo namuhla.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. amaphosta babé kuyingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi umcimbi obalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe babehlukaniswa kakhulu ngeke sisetshenziswe njengesigungu amaphosta kanye nokukhangisa nanoma yiziphi izimpahla noma amasevisi.

Izakhamuzi Empire Russian kule minyaka wayazi kahle ukuthi iphosta. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi ngekhulu XIX kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. ukudalwa ukukhangisa sithombe zithandwa kakhulu umbuso. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngalesi sikhathi kwaba Okwezwe Exhibition of amaphosta ukuthi ukuba khona eRussia.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX izithombe okumatasa yokukhangisa ziye ngenkuthalo esetshenziselwa ukuyaluza zezombusazwe. Amaphayona Ukuba kulokhu French futhi uqalise.

Ikakhulukazi anda ukusetshenziswa amaphosta zezombusazwe ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ukukhuthaza izinsizwa hamba bezosiza phambili, kanye nokusiza ngezimali ikhathaze izakhamuzi ukuba isimo, iphrintwe futhi likhangwa izinkulungwane amaphosta kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Ngemva inguquko ka 1917 endaweni umbuso wangaphambili eminyakeni embalwa ukwakha eyodwa kuphela uhlobo umkhankaso isithombe - poster zezombusazwe. Okusho kahle waqonda zonke zemibuso, ngakho ngokuvamile imikhiqizo efana akhiqizwa lokugcina imali yakhe, esikhundleni ezinika izakhamuzi belamba.

Lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II emhlabeni wonke ziye zaqala ukushicilela amaphosta anti-undlovukayiphikiswa. I eduze kwako kwaya ukunqoba eJalimane lobuNazi, kwathuthwa zinikeza nethemba kakhudlwana baba.

Ngemva kokumiswa ukuthula e-Europe, emazweni amaningi (kubandakanya i-USSR) Kungenzeka futhi ugxile ukukhishwa umnotho wayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla, isiqalo ezidumile ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa amaphosta kanye nemifanekiso eziphathelene izinkinga ostrosotsialnyh (ukuluthwa utshwala, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa, ubugebengu), isaziso ulwazi (mayelana nokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ukugonywa nokunye. N.).

Izinhlobo amaphosta eya endaweni

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo incazelo kanye nomlando walo eside, kuyafaneleka ukunaka izinhlobo zalo. Ngakho, iziphi izingqwembe ngenjongo yokudalwa?

• Ukukhangisa. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa yaseshashalazini kanye movie amaphosta nemibukiso, izingqungquthela, izikhangiso kanye nokunye. N.
• Imininingwane. Akukho ndawo enizibiza, nje ukukhuluma into. Njengomthetho, lezi amaphosta omningi kanye nezithombe ezimbalwa. Lezi zihlanganisa zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele nemaphosta.
• Ukuqeqeshwa. Ngokukhethekile yakhelwe njengoba incwadi, ikhuthaza nokwenziwa ngcono kolwazi.
• Isiqondiso. Ngendlela emfushane futhi kuyaqondakala kungenzeka kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi imithetho yokuziphatha ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye namadivayisi yingozi.
• Political. Ziyakwazi indlela eyinhloko umkhankaso phakathi kokhetho.

Izinhlobo amaphosta indlela yokudalwa

Futhi, inani izithombe zingafani nendlela abenziwe ngayo.

• Ezidwetshwe ngesandla. Ifomu eminingi yasendulo futhi okudla isikhathi amaphosta. Namuhla, cishe ngelinye ihluzo umhleli elikuvumela ukudweba poster kwi-computer, bese ukuphrinta.
• ukuphrinta-SCREEN-usilika-screen. Lezi amaphosta benziwa usebenzisa iqoqo izifanekiso, ukuthi azidingeki ngu umdali wabo amakhono akhethekile kwezobuciko.
• Wanyathelisa. Okuvame kakhulu kanti elula indlela ngokudala ulwazi kanye nokukhangisa izithombe. Namuhla, yena ngempumelelo indawo zonke ezinye izindlela.