Kumiswa, Izilimi

Yiziphi tijobelelo ngesiRashiya?

Tijobelelo ukwenza indima ebaluleke kakhulu isiRashiya. Ngosizo lwabo, hhayi amagama amasha kuphela akhiwa, kodwa futhi amafomu zolimi nemisebenzi yazo, futhi asetshenziselwa ukuba adlulisele ingxenye ngokomzwelo yokukhuluma. Yingakho ukwazi ukuthi kukhona tijobelelo nalokho asetshenziswa bona, kubalulekile.

Uyini isijobelelo?

I isijobelelo - morpheme Simi emva impande. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba lapho Isijobelelo imele ukuphela. Kulokhu, ibizwa ngokuthi "postfix". Ikakhulukazi le osebenza morpheme Xia - / - Cb: ukugeza ubuso bami (ekugcineni -yut, postfix -sya-), iqoqa, umbala kanye nabanye.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Isijobelelo - kumiswa amagama amasha, kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho le morpheme kudlala indima okwakhayo. Abaningi ngolimi netijobelelo ekhululekile Umbala ngokomzwelo.

Lokhu morpheme kukhulu kangangokuthi wafunda esikoleni iqala esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Yiziphi tijobelelo ngolimi isiRashiya, isigaba 2 maqembu phakathi konyaka.

Ngenxa yalesi morpheme kulula ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye inkulumo phambi kwethu. Ngakho, sibonga ethize -usch / -yusch futhi -asch - / - yasch- siyaqonda ukuthi lena isakramente, futhi -B- libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi igama elithi e - gerund. Cabanga ngoba ekuqaleni morpheme ngokoMthetho aphoyintimenti, bese sizobe ukukhuluma nakunoma yisiphi tenkhulumo.

Igama angaba khona ngaphandle isijobelelo, kodwa nguye onika olunikezwa Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Futhi, kaningi futhi okuphambene, lapho kukhona khona ababili noma ngisho Isijobelelo ezintathu. Ngakho imfundiso izwi bobabili: -tel- futhi -stv-, njengoba igama elithi "ukufundisa" kukhona ezintathu: -ova- ezimbili eyedlule ngamazwi wanezela.

Yiziphi imisebenzi?

Cabanga yiziphi tijobelelo ngokuya ukusebenza kwabo.

  1. Zibuthana. Laba yibo ukuthi iqhaza ukwakheka izinhlobo izwi elifanayo. sici yabo ehlukile - the morpheme kanye ekupheleni izwi akufakwanga isisekelo salo. Ngokwesibonelo, lesengcile sici Isijobelelo -l-: Sula, ukupheka, ukufunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izazi zezilimi cabanga -t- e esingayindawo njengoba Isijobelelo okwakhayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukutadisha umbuzo yiziphi tijobelelo ngolimi Russian (Grade 3), abafundi uyilethe njengoba ukuphela. Futhi, uma ngokuhunyushwa ngokuthi tandziso esithi futhi isenzo amafomu (ngezazi zezilimi kungekho mpendulo olulodwa kulo mbuzo), i-netijobelelo lawa magama ame out njengoba oluhlelekile njengesisekelo akubandakanyi: ukucabanga, ukucabanga, eliqhutshwa (a morpheme asebenzayo esithi -yusch-, emabito kanye -ya- yokwenziwa esithi -im-). By inflection tijobelelo futhi degree ngokuqhathanisa iziphawulo nezandiso (namandla, ezijulile).
  2. Igama-kumiswa. Lezi morphemes kuvamile: bajwayele uma kwenzeka amagama amasha. Ngokuvamile bazibandakanya kwetinhlavu emabito netichasiso. Futhi nale morpheme lingase libonakale izwi ingxenye efanayo yokukhuluma, kanye nezinye. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ihlathi", "ihlathi wasesiqiwini", "ihlathi." Kumiswa Ibizo wokuqala ngu the Isijobelelo -nik-, izwi wesibili, i-isiphawulo kanye -n- Isijobelelo. Ngezinye izikhathi suffixed ifomu ngendlela tento: bacabanga - ukucabanga. Lapha, ukwakheka isenzo Isijobelelo imperfective -yva- yayisetshenziswa.

shades of incazelo

Futhi tijobelelo ingahlukaniswa kuye ngokuthi umthunzi ukudluliswa incazelo. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi incazelo eyinhloko athwala impande. Isijobelelo icacisa kuphela kwenza izwi bazwakale. Ake sihlole ukuthi iyini le tijobelelo kusukela lo mbono, futhi adlulisele amagugu:

  • Amancane: ithebula lezitsha; imvu, ngewundlu; handsome - handsome; ingane - ingane.
  • Magnifying: ibhungane-crusher, izandla omkhulu, ngezibhakela, velikanische.
  • izilwane Young: duck, ithole, kitten, umntwana indlovu.
  • Ukukhonjwa nakunoma yisiphi umsebenzi: umthengisi wesifazane, crane, a barmaid; futhi ezindaweni: laseSiberia kusukela Petersburg, indoda ivela eMoscow, a southerner; Ubuzwe: Ukrainian, isiGeorgia, isiJalimane, uFinn.
  • Isimo subjective nendaba noma umuntu: isela, Malyavka, Namaqhinga, abahahayo, bayahleka njalo.

tijobelelo amabizo

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, aqala ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe morphology, ngakho tenkhulumo ngamunye ukunquma yiziphi tijobelelo ngolimi Russian (Libanga 5). Ake sihlole lokhu morpheme kusukela lo mbono. Caphuna njengesibonelo kuyoba kuphela tijobelelo isici kakhulu, okuyinto ungakwazi ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi ungubani yabo morphological.

Tijobelelo amabizo:

Isijobelelo

Inani

-ets - / - its-

  • Ukuba Ngowenkolo embuthanweni othile, ubuzwe: knotweed, zaseCaucasia, okruzhenets.
  • Ikhono: fighter, abadayisi, a uyasisekela.
  • Animal wesilisa: besilisa plyvunets inkunzi (-ets-) noma owesifazane (-its-): bear, ibhubesi, ubuvila.
  • inani elilinganisiwe: umzalwane, borschets, isinkwa, izinyo (eyayivame futhi abahumushela kulo).

-ik-

  • incazelo amancane: ummese, itafula.
  • Igama isayensi, izifundo: wezibalo, omakhenikha, isitayela
  • amajikijolo Isihloko: amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

-nik-

  • Isihloko: okokufundisa isikhwama fin.
  • Isithombe komsebenzi: uColonel, submariner, umgibeli.
  • into Geographical: abamba ukushisa, igumbi ukulinda, Senik.

-Oshk - / - ushk - / - yushk - / - yshk-

Nezinciphiso: undlunkulu, iphiko, gumbi, zmeyushka.

-chik - / - schik-

Ubulunga be-profession: i-Loader, parquet phansi, Estimator, iKhabhinethi umenzi.

Isijobelelo isiphawulo

Manje asikhulume, yiziphi tijobelelo tiphawulo. Lena, mhlawumbe, ecebe idatha yokukhuluma morpheme.

Isijobelelo

Inani

-al - / - yal-

Quality-atholakala ngaphansi kwethonya okuthile (isikhathi, indawo, nokunye.): Stale, ukhathele.

-en - / - Jahn

Khombisa izinto okuyinto kwenziwa kwamthobela. ebhaliwe Njalo omunye "n" (ngaphandle: ingilazi, ithini ukhuni): ubumba, isihlabathi, lesikhumba.

Iphinde kungase kubonise into uya khona (closet) noma indlela yokusebenza (varicella, Peat).

-ast - / - yebandla

Ikhomba sici imizwa: enkulu nengcono umzimba ingxenye (lipped, tailed) noma ezinye izinga (anolaka, bespectacled)

-ev - / - OB, -invariant

Ngosizo lezi tijobelelo yakha tiphawulo sebuniyo: omkhulu, obaba.

Futhi uveza ukuthi uzilungiselele noma ezenziwe ngendaba ethi: ipheya, anise.

-enn - / - onn-

Impahla (wezempi, ekuseni, cranberry, kancane)

-iv - / - izihlambi - / - chiv-

Umlutha, ikhwalithi, ifa okuthile: Liyana, ukuvilapha, amahle

-ist-, -chat-

Ukufana: silvery, oily.

Izinga eliphezulu lefa: vociferous, lumpy; pupyrchatoy, brevenchanty

Umlutha ukufana: zamashisty, gusty, isibani (efana itheniphu).

-teln-

Noma wenza isenzo okwazi kokuba nobuhlobo: observation, akumangalisi, zikhethe.

Into isenzo, inhloso yayo: Ukubhukuda; oyifunayo.

tijobelelo tento

Yiziphi tijobelelo tento ngolimi Russian? Ngokuvamile, ekwakheni (thina wabhala ngaphambili). Nokho, kukhona labo afakwa amagugu ethile. Ngakho -ova - / - yva- usitshele ukuthi isenzo ayizange yaphela, futhi inqubo (ukuhlela, ukuphupha, anakekele) - zonke tento imperfective.

Xia tijobelelo - / - Cb Nokho obunobuhixihixi ifomu isenzo, inflexion akuzona. Ngesisekelo zingena ngokuphelele.

tijobelelo izabizwana

Into yokugcina kwesokunxele ukukhuluma - yiziphi tijobelelo ka izabizwana. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela: -Yini-noma, ngolunye usuku. Bonke bangabangasokile hyphenated futhi bahlanganyele kumiswa tabito nanini: ubani, noma iyiphi, noma yini.

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