Isiqubulo "isiteketiso". Ulimi lwesiRussia

Enye yezinto ezikhiqizayo kakhulu ngolimi lwesiRashiya yi-suffix -nik- (-nits-). Kumelwe ngitshele ukuthi ine-alternation of consonants kuya / c. Ukuhluka okuhambisana nencwadi ethi "k" yakha amagama abhekisela kobulili besilisa, ukuhluka okuhambisana nencwadi "c" kubhekisela kumazwi obulili besifazane.

Yakha amagama ngencazelo ejwayelekile yomgomo, okungukuthi, kwenzeka emagameni amabizo. Amazwi ane-suffix -nik- angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokusho kwencazelo yawo ye-lexical.

Amazwi anencazelo yomuntu

Leli qembu elikhulu le-semantic. Wonke amagama kuwo achaza umuntu ngemisebenzi yakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, ngomsebenzi.

Uma bendoda, banesisindo -nik-, izibonelo zamagama anjalo: umkhumbi wemoto, umsiki wezinkuni, umlimi wensimu, u-forester, u-fosterman, u-repairman, inja engcolile, umphangi, u-arabic, u-altynnik, i-apparatchnik, i-balalaika, i-dumpling, ibhalanik, iwundlu, , Intombazane enombala omhlophe, ogwini olusendaweni emhlophe, udoti, umculi, isifebe, isisebenzi samanzi, umholi wezempi, i-wizard, umkhululi, umqaphi, umqeqeshi wezeminyaka yesibili, umqeqeshi wesibhakela, umqeqeshi we-horse, umfundi wesibili, umqeqeshi wesibili, umqeqeshi wesigidi, umculi, umculi, Umshayeli wesigodi, umbusi wendawo yedolobha, isoni, isoni, umthengisi wamakhowa, u-summerman, umlondolozi wesishiyagalolunye, umlingisi wesishiyagalolunye, umfundi weshumi weshumi, umqeqeshi, umfundi oqeqeshwe iziqu, umklomelo, u-pre-compcript, isisebenzi somgwaqo, isisenkulisa, umvikeli wesibhamu, umqashi, ummangalelwa, i-cinematographer, u-brickman, umnyundeli, kolkhoznik, nomad, Umlumbi, umlumbi, umlusi, isisebenzi sezempilo, isivakashi sempilo, isisebenzi sezempilo, umsizi, umgibeli, umfundi ofunda naye esikoleni, umfundi ohloniphekile, umculi we-submariner, umsesa, u-debauchee, i-razbolnik, indoda ehlakaniphile, umhloli, umphikisi, i-libertine, umlindi, umxhumanisi, umeluleki, umngane, umboshwa, umqashi , Umculi, u-chastushnik, u-chasnik, umuntfu, umphikisi, umqeqeshi weminyaka yesine, umfundi wesine wesine, umgubhu, umlutha, u-shabashnik, i-hood, umlumbi, umshayeli wesithupha, i-shinnik, umfundi wesikole, umhloli wokuzifunela, umculi, umphangi, i-yubovnik, ukunyundela, umhedeni.

Uma beyizinsikazi, amagama abanikezelayo ane morpheme-uthisha: umngane, umkhwekazi, umdwebi, ufakazi, isisebenzi, inkosi, idijithali, njll.

Amagama abonisa izitshalo

Kunezibizo ezine-suffix -nik-n, ezikhomba isitshalo noma indawo lapho ikhula khona.

Isibonelo: i-barberry, i-birch, isivini, i-cherry, i-wolfberry, i-lichen, i-blackberry; I-Marshmallow, i-alder, ugqumugqumu, i-sunflower, umshanelo, i-currant, okusajingijolo, i-strawberry, i-blueberry, i-cowberry, ngesi-spruce, i-aspen, i-wren, i-crush, i-hazel, i-dogrose, ibhali, iberry.

Amagama anencazelo yento yasendlini

Amagama ane-suffix -nik- (-nits-) achaza izinto noma ezinye izinto ezisekhaya. Izibonelo zamagama: i-brewer, isaladi, i-teapot, imbiza yekhofi, i-stewpot, i-washstand, i-sauce diner, i-pan, i-pepper, isobho, i-suharnitsa, i-whitewater.

Kukhona iqembu lamazwi ngencazelo yedivayisi, ithuluzi: iwashi le-alamu, umqhubi, umqoqo wamanzi, i-water sump, i-dampener, i-thermometer, umshini wokubamba, ukuphakamisa, ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu, ikholomu, umsakazo, ubheyili, isiqandisisi, ifrijini, i-soldering iron, ikhandlela.

Iqembu elikhethekile liqukethe amagama abiza ukudla noma ukudla: isidlo sakusihlwa, isidlo se-mid-morning, i-pancake, i-kurik, i-breadbread, i-pickle, ikhekhe leshizi.

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa igama elithi isigaba esichaza izakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo: ikamelo eliphezulu, isiteji, igcina lezinkuni, i-pigsty, i-cow, i-coop, ithole.

I-suffix -nik yenza amazwi ngencazelo ethi "izingubo": ihlobo, ijacket ekhishiwe, ingalo yesandla, i-pantnik, i-spodniki, i-kosoklininik.

Amazwi akhiwe ngendlela ye-prefix-suffix

Amanye amagama ane-suffix -nik- ayakhiwe ngokunamathiselwe okukodwa kwesigcawu nesixhumi. Amagama anjalo anencazelo ehlose:

• Into engezansi into: i-sill window, i-armrest, i-cup, i-headrest.
• Into ehlanganisa okuthile: i-headband, i-tip, i-knob, i-arm ruffle, ama-knee pads, i-muzzle, ne-headphones.
• Indoda engenayo into: umgibeli wamahhala, i-besser, ongenalutho, ongenamahloni, ongenamakhaya, ongenasiphala, ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, i-lackey.
• Abantu noma izinto ezitholakala ngenye into: umlindi womngcele, isitshalo.

Inhloso yemigomo yamagama anjalo isakhiwe ngosizo lwesixhumi, futhi incazelo yendawo ishiwo yisiqalo.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa izilinganiso -nik- ne -ik-.

Yisiphi isisindo egameni, isibonelo, umshini? Uma usho ukuthi -nik-, khona-ke kuyobe kungalungile. Esikhathini elithi mechanic, i-word-forming morpheme yi -ik-. Ukufakazela lokhu, kudingeka senze ukuhlaziywa kokuthola: umshini ngumuntu onamandla okusingatha izindlela, kukhona "n" kwisisekelo sokukhiqiza. Kusukela kulokhu kulandela ukuthi isixhumi silapha-futhi-.

Kusemthethweni ofanayo egameni elithi "sandstone" le morpheme efanayo iyahlukaniswa-iq-, futhi hhayi -nik-, ngoba igama liyi-sandy. Futhi enhliziyweni yaleli gama ngukuthi "n".

Futhi egameni lichen, nakanjani, i-suffix -nik-. Yakhiwa kusukela egameni elithi "gwema". Njengoba sibona, ngesisekelo saleli gama ayikho incwadi "n".

Ama-consonants kabili uNN abonakala kanjani emabito

I-consonant kabili ngelizwi ivela, njengombuso, ekuhlanganiseni kwe-morphemes, ngaphandle kokuthi, yiqiniso, leli gama aliveli kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi enye "n" ibhekisela kwisisekelo segama elikhiqizayo, kanti lesibili "n" yileligama lokuqala lesivumelwano. Kungenzeka ukunikeza isibonelo samagama nge -nik-: indlu yokugeza (ukugeza), umjikelezi (izwe), okhethiweyo, umlindi (umlindi), i-fable (fables), impande (impande), umsizi (iqembu), usuku lokuzalwa (igama-usuku) U-Swindler (moshna), elderberry (umdala), ubuthongo (ukulala), u-woodpile (log).

Ubunzima bungase buveke lapho ukuhlukanisa isisindo -nik- noma -n- ne -ik:

Cabanga ngezibonelo: ukulinda - ukuphepha (-nik-), okhethiwe - okhethiwe (-ik-). Yini okudingeka ifundwe kulokhu? Isimo esilula kakhulu: -nik-sisetshenziswe lapho igama lwakhiwa kusuka kwelinye igama, futhi -ik- likhiqiza igama elisuka kwisiphakamiso noma iqhaza.

Nazi izibonelo zamagama lapho isikhonkwane -nik- noma -n- ne -ik:

• -nik-: druzhin-nick (i-druzhina-ikhona), uRowan-nick (i-rowan-sush.), I-Arshin-nick (i-arshin-ikhona), isidlaliso se-patrimonial
• -n + -ik: i-hryvnia-n-iq (i-hryvnia-pril.), I-Con-n-iq (i-equestrian-pril.), I-Root-n-iq (indigenous-pr.), I-Captive-n-iq (ukuthunjwa - I-Pri-n-iq (engcwele-pril.), Own-n-iq (eyakhe-eyimfihlo), umphakathi-n-iq (omphakathi-wangasese), wathumela-n-iq ), Ukukhiqiza-n-iq (izimboni), Izihlobo-n-iq (ezihlobene)., Semen-n-iq (isithombo sembewu), Modern-n-iq (isichazamazwi samanje), Ixoshiwe-n-iq (ukuthunjwa-ukuthunjwa).

Amagama anencwadi eyodwa "n"

Incwadi eyodwa "n" ibhalwe emabito, ayenziwa ezichasheni noma ahlanganyela nenye "n". Izibonelo zamagama encwadini eyodwa ebhaliwe: varen-ik (abilisiwe), i-wind-ick (umoya), i-guest-egg (igumbi lokudweba), izinkuni-ick (izinkuni), i-cannabis-ik (i-hemp) -a (ithambo), i-oily-iqanda-a (oyile), i-peat-ick (i-peat).

I-suffix -nik-ngesiNgisi

NgesiNgisi, lokhu kunesibindi ngamazwi athi "satellite" nethi "beatnik". Igama lokuqala liyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele emva kokuqaliswa kwe-satellites yokuqala yomhlaba.

Igama lesibili lihlotshaniswa negama lomlobi wezindaba uHerba Kain, ophakamise ukubiza intsha yentsha ephukile igama elithi "beatniki".

Ngakho-ke, isijobelelo sesiNgisi singene ngesiNgisi futhi sakha kuso isihlamba samazwi ngencazelo yomuntu ohambisana nesitayela esithile sokuziphatha.

NgesiNgisi, unikeza amagama ukuhlekisa, ukuphikisa. Le ndawo ijwayelekile ngokuphathelene nokuboleka, ake sikhumbule iLeos Tolstoy: wasebenzisa isiFulentshi ngokungafani nabalingiswa bakhe ababi.

Amagama angama-2 angamaNgisi anesixhumi "isiteketiso". Izibonelo zabanye babo:

• Ukuzinakekela kukaNeatnik;
• Ukukhuluma nge-Peacenik ngokumelene nempi;
• Refusenik - avunyelwe ukushiya;
• I-Protestnik - umbhikishi;
• I-Draftnik - ibhalwa enkonzweni yempi;
• I-Vietnik - ekhonza eVietnam;
• I-Folknik - fan of folklore;
• U-Nudnik - umuntu ohlukumezayo;
• Akukho-goodnik - umuntu ongenalutho, okungekho okuhle okulindelwe kuye;
• UFrudnik ungumlandeli kaFreud;
• Goethenik - umkhulekeli weGoethe;
• Detentenik - umsekeli we-detente;
• I-Computernik - fan of technology computer;
• Real-estatenik - umdayisi wezindlu;
• I-Sitnik iyinhlangano yamaBuddhism.

Ngakho-ke, kunesisindo -nik-ngesiRashiya, esenza umsebenzi omuhle enkulumweni yesiNgisi.