Umkhakha: lokho, izinto, imikhiqizo, ukubaluleka emnothweni

Ukulondoloza ukusebenza umphakathi wesintu ezingeni samanje, bekungeke kube khona ngaphandle impumelelo kwezomnotho nezezimboni. Lena ingxenye ezibucayi ithuluzi ukukhiqiza yokusikwa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ogxile eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona izinto eziningi ezidinga ukuba kubhekelwe ekunqumeni "umkhakha" kwethemu. Uyini umkhakha ngokombono ovamile? Okungenani izindlela zokukhiqiza, ngaphandle okuyinto manje abakwazi ukuphila. Kodwa kukhona izindawo eziningi ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto akuphazamisi izimpilo amaqembu abantu athize. Ngakho-ke lo mqondo kudinga ukuqaqwa ngaphezulu ukunwetshwa.

umkhakha definition

Ngomqondo obanzi, imboni kufanele baqonde omunye imikhakha yezomnotho. Uma sikhuluma imigomo yayo, bese ziqokonyiswe ukuqinisekisa imikhakha elikhiqizayo izindlela lobuchwepheshe nempahla balondoloze impilo izitshalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ukusetshenziswa siqu - futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi zezimboni, ohlanganisa umkhakha yesimanje. Kuyini ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kusukela iphuzu kwezobuchwepheshe umbono? Lena iqoqo amabhizinisi, ukuhlinzeka amathuluzi obuchwepheshe kanye izinto ukwenziwa umkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa yokukhiqiza kanye nezimayini imikhakha yezomnotho. Esimweni sokuqala angabhekwa amabhizinisi wahlanganyela ukucutshungulwa izinto zokusetshenziswa kakade kukhiqizwa noma izikhala. In the yesibili - Kwenziwa suku likhuluma ngokuqondile ngomsebenzi yezimayini. Futhi njalo uphikisana ukucubungulwa ngalesi okukhiphayo ihlinzeka ngomumo-to-ekupheleni ukusetshenziswa nomkhiqizo, kunokuba yezimayini.

izinhlobo izimboni

Umkhakha encompasses imikhakha eminingi ezindaweni izimayini bendabuko ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe. Ukuze uthole olunye ajwayelekile kanye zakudala zihlanganisa izimboni ngokhuni izimayini kanye nokudla. Ngo XX leminyaka kuyanda ngokumelene isizinda ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu zobuchwepheshe wazibonela sphere ezifana yokusansimbi, isiqoqi sama-softwe, amandla, nezinto zokwakha, nokunye. D. Ingabe kweqembu elihlanganisiwe Ngenxa yalokhu, lapho umkhakha futhi ukukhiqizwa abaye baba nendima aphelele. Isigaba samanje libhekene imboni ezikhethekile. Lokhu kungafaka amandla kagesi, zamakhemikhali umkhakha microbiological, insimbi, nokunye. D.

ezindaweni eziningi zingahlukaniswa ngesisekelo ukukhanya umkhakha esindayo. Iqembu lokuqala izobandakanya ngazo imikhiqizo akhiqizwa melkoformatnye noma imikhiqizo - ngokuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa siqu. Izinkampani kusukela imishini isigaba ukukhululwa yesibili, imishini, imishini kagesi, ukwakhiwa kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa inqwaba. Lezi zihlanganisa ubunjiniyela umkhakha esindayo, okuyinto ezihlobene eduze yokusansimbi nokucubungula metal. Eqinisweni, it is a nhlanganisela elincane izimboni, izinsiza kanye umthamo okukuvumela ukukhiqiza imishini hhayi kuphela imikhiqizo metal, kodwa futhi imishini zobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi okucwaninga eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokunye. D.

okudilivekayo

Ngokuvamile, emkhakheni wezimboni inikeza isifanekiso izocubungulwa okwalandela izinkampani ezikhethekile njengoba umkhiqizo wabo ukuba. Lokhu kungaba okufanayo izingodo, itshe-nsimbi, coke, plastic nokunye. D. Lokho, ngesikhathi kukhululwa, kungukuthi okulungiselelwe kusukela iphuzu umthengi umbono we lezimpahla. Noma kunjalo, kwesisodwa kumkhakha owodwa zezimboni, kukhona iphesenti elikhulu amabhizinisi ukuthi umjikelezo ephelele ukukhiqizwa, esikhiqiza umkhiqizo wokugcina. Kungaba izimoto, umshini amathuluzi, izinto zokwakha, ingilazi kanye nemikhiqizo zobumba, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu nokunye. Ahlukene D. A ingxenye imikhiqizo amandla umkhakha, okuyinto aqondwe njengokufaka amalahle, uwoyela, igesi, futhi abanye biomaterials. isizukulwane wamandla ezihlukahlukene - uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo, esinikela ukusebenza embonini efanayo umthengi olindele kunazo. Kule ndawo ivelele iziteshi ezishisayo, enuzi kanye kwamanzi.

umkhakha izinto

Umqondo into ubuye ngempela ebanzi. Ekhonza kuleso sabelo, kuthathwa ngokuthi amabhizinisi ngokwabo (izimboni, Mills, izimboni, ukucutshungulwa izikhungo, workshop nokunye. D.), Futhi izingxenye ezakha ingqalasizinda zezimboni phakathi kwenhlangano. Ngokombono lobuchwepheshe umbono, izinhloso ongakhonza lokubolekwa elihambayo imigqa, imishini kanye izakhiwo lapho umkhiqizo wenziwa noma ukudedela ukwelashwa. Kodwa iningi imishini, ukucindezela kanye zokuthutha ukunquma kuphela rwe ezingaba, okuyinto esekelwe umkhakha ibhizinisi. Kuyini into emkhakheni wezimboni ngokuya ukwakhiwa? Lokhu kungaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezakhiwo, izindawo, hangars kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa, okuyinto ziyafezeka izinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Nalapha futhi, wodwana kwezinto lolu hlobo ingase ihlanganise amandla iziteshi isizukulwane. Hydroelectric amandla plant, isibonelo, isakhiwo unomphela, umphumela okuyinto olwadluliselwa nezintambo zikagesi.

Umthelela emnothweni

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho isimo yesimanje ibonisa ngqo isimo emkhakheni wezimboni. Futhi ezinethonya kunazo umkhakha izazi lokubonakala umkhakha amandla, ubunjiniyela mechanical futhi amakhemikhali wemboni. Bobabili indices ambalwa kanye qualitative imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ezifana libhekene yena, ekukwazini kwabo ukuncintisana emakethe - ngokufanele, kuthinta ukusebenza kanye nomnotho. Yiqiniso, ukubaluleka umkhakha eqondene nomnotho okuthwala engavumelani nemiBhalo. Lokhu kumayelana amagatsha ikakhulu ezitshekile ku wemboni eyinhloko. Njengomthetho, nazo elinesimo ezingeni eliphansi base lobuchwepheshe kanye nesizotha izindawo zokukhiqiza.

umkhakha esizayo

Kanye nokwakhiwa, umkhakha libonisa ngokucacile izinzuzo ukuthi ukunikeza ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Ukwethulwa imibono emisha kanye nezixazululo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokwandisa Logistics izinqubo kanye banciphise izindleko. Kakade bocwepheshe eduze esizayo ukubikezela esigcwele isikali iningi amabhizinisi ukulawula ezenzakalelayo-computer imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhakha esindayo kungaba ngokugcwele ushintshele ku kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi inhlangano imigqa yesondlo namandla izitshalo kuyodingeka uhlelo lokulawula bokusungula phezu ezokuthutha, ukusatshalaliswa futhi energy conversion.

isiphetho

Naphezu ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu emikhakheni eyehlukene nezindawo, kukhona izinto eziningi letivimbela lokhu kukhula. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuphepha kwemvelo, futhi ukungabi inkinga yezezimali. Kakade, imuphi umkhakha ngomqondo zanamuhla? Lona isiqiniseko yokuncintisana, ephephile futhi esimeme emakethe ibhizinisi, elikwaziyo ukunikeza umthengi umkhiqizo izinga. Ngakho, akufanele ukulimaza imvelo, bheka ukuthi kungenzeka usebenzisa izixazululo ehlukile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Yiqiniso, ukubhekana nezindleko overruns ngenxa futhi ukwedlulisela ihadiwe entsha.