Chamber umculo. Uyini umculo ekamelweni-wezinsimbi?

Mhlawumbe kube yilowo nalowo qakala umculo. Yena esihambisana luntfu bangahlukani, akunakwenzeka ngokuthé ngqo Lapho le ndoda izwa ukusamukela. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukhokho wethu, ukuzama ukuveza imizwa yabo, yashaya eziyize isiqu sesihlahla. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu nomculo atehlukaniseki, namuhla kunezindlela eziningi izinhlobo zawo, izitayela kanye izitayela. Lokhu abantu, ngokomoya futhi ekugcineni, wezinsimbi classical - Symphonic kanye negumbi umculo. Uyini isiqondiso njengoba ekamelweni umculo khona, bayazi cishe yonke into, kodwa ayini umehluko yayo futhi izici - ambalwa. Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu kamuva esihlokweni.

Umlando nesenzakalo egumbini umculo

Umlando egumbini umculo has kwaqala Ephakathi. Esikhathini XVI umculo ekhulwini it has okungaphezu emathempelini isonto. Abanye abalobi waqala ukuloba imisebenzi ukuthi kwakwenziwa ngaphandle kwezindonga isonto yombuthano elincane Ongoti. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakungemnandi kuphela wamazwi nowezinsimbi ekamelweni umculo kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Ethakazelisayo ekamelweni umculo. Yini igama livela Italian izwi ikhamera ( "Igumbi"), cishe wonke umuntu uyakhumbula. Ngokuphambene esontweni kanye yaseshashalazini umculo, i-chamber ekuqaleni okuhloswe ukuba kwenziwe izakhiwo iqembu elincane yombuthano ewumngcingo zezilaleli. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza okwenzeka ekhaya, futhi kamuva - emahholo encane ekhonsathini. isiqongo egumbini nomculo wezinsimbi kufinyelelwa XVIII-XIX eminyaka, lapho yonke imizi yezicebi ophilayo olwenziwa amakhonsathi efanayo kwalo. Kamuva, ngisho aristocrats abangu iqondiswa okuthunyelwe njalo abaculi.

Izithombe egumbini umculo

Ekuqaleni senzelwe ekamelweni umculo ukusebenza ngaphambi umbuthano elincane abantu abangekho Ongoti yayo. Kuqashwa ikamelo Ubukhulu, lapho ekhonsathini okwenzeka, ivumela umculi futhi izilaleli eduze uxhumane nomunye. Konke lokhu wadala simo esiyingqayizivele amukelekile kwabanye abantu. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza yobuciko ezifana libhekene umthamo high evulekile imizwa lyrical futhi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ahlukene zokuphila kwabantu.

Chamber umculo ayikwazanga ngokunembile yakhelwe ukudlulisa imizwelo yabantu ngosizo emfushane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kahle eqinisekisiwe izimali. Ngokungafani umculo Symphonic, lapho iqembu wenziwa toolsets, emisebenzini enjalo kulotshelwe instrument ngalinye has party ayo, futhi cishe ulingana nomunye.

Izinhlobo ekamelweni Ensemble wezinsimbi

With ukuthuthukiswa umlando uye savela kanye negumbi umculo. Uyini isiqondiso ukuthi kufanele ezinye izici maqondana izigilamkhuba, akudingi ubufakazi. bands yamanje wezinsimbi amelela:

• Duets (abadlali ababili);
• Trio (amalungu amathathu);
• quartets (emine);
• quintets (ezinhlanu);
• sextets (eziyisithupha);
• septets (eziyisikhombisa);
• octets (eziyisishiyagalombili);
• nonets (ayisishiyagalolunye);
• decet (eziyishumi).

Kulesi ithuluzi ukwakheka kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lungase luhlanganise kokubili ezinezintambo amathuluzi emoyeni. Ukwakheka elinye iqembu kungase kufakwe string noma umoya kuphela kuphela. Futhi kungase kube okuxubile ekamelweni ensembles - avame bona uvule upiyano. Ngokuvamile, ukuqanjwa kwawo alinganiselwe eyodwa kuphela - umcabango umqambi, futhi ngokuvamile kuba angenamkhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ekamelweni wezinsimbi - amaqembu, okuhlanganisa kungekho abaculi abangaphezu kuka-25.

Izinhlobo wezinsimbi ekamelweni umculo

Modern ekamelweni umculo izinhlobo kwamiswa bedle imisebenzi enjalo bomculo ezinkulu njengoba V. A. Motsart, Beethoven, uHaydn. Lokho laba baculi zadalwa nokucija okungenakuqhathaniswa okuqukethwe kanye umsebenzi ukujula ngokomzwelo. Sonatas, Duets, Trios, quartets futhi quintets ngesikhathi esisodwa uncome romance edume kakhulu kwekhulu XIX: Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schubert, Chopin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthandwa omkhulu ngalesi sikhathi wathola futhi uhlobo emincanyana wezinsimbi (Nocturnes, intermezzo).

Kukhona futhi ekamelweni amakhonsathi, Suites, fugues, cantatas. Ekhulwini XVIII izinhlobo egumbini umculo kuyinto ukwehluka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona ithathe izinkondlo nezici zendlela yokubhala yezinye izinhlobo nezitayela. Ngokwesibonelo, Beethoven kuyofikwa uthanda ngokucace kangaka ukusunduza imingcele ezinjengokungcoliswa ekamelweni umculo, umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi "The Kreutzer Sonata" by monumentalism yayo futhi ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo akuyona phansi kunabaphostoli Symphony okudaliwe.

Izinhlobo of vocal ekamelweni umculo

Ekhulwini XIX, iye yazuza makhulu udumo vocal ekamelweni umculo. Uvele uhlobo olusha yobuciko ingoma futhi romance intela ikhokhwe enjalo bomculo ezinkulu ezifana Schumann, Schubert, Berlioz, uBrahms. Banikela ngendlela ebalulekile emhlabeni yokuqoqa ekamelweni umculo wenza bomculo Russian. zothando Ezinhle M. I. Glinki, P. I. Chaykovskogo, M. P. Musorgskogo, M. Rimsky-Korsakov, futhi namuhla akabashiyi ubani nandaba. Ngaphezu izingcezu ezincane, kukhona uhlobo ekamelweni opera. Linomqondo khona inombolo encane nabadlali futhi ayidingi isikhala esikhulu ngokusebenza.

Chamber umculo namuhla

Yiqiniso, namuhla kukhona nhlobo ezindlu ezifana nalezi, lapho, njengoba kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, i-chamber ensembles ukudlala sizungezwe umbuthano abakhawulelwe. Nokho, ngokuphambene eyeqisayo ezikhona, lendawo zithandwa kakhulu. Ehholo isitho kanye negumbi umculo emhlabeni wonke ukuqoqa izigidi abalandeli njengoba imisebenzi bomculo we-classic kanye nababhali wesimanje. lemikhosi eyayiba khona njalo, lapho owaziwa futhi luthela abaculi ukwabelana art yabo.