P. I. Chaykovsky - neminyaka yokuphila. Iminyaka yokuphila Tchaikovsky e Klin

Tchaikovsky, mhlawumbe - abaqambi kwenziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. umculo wakhe udlalwa kuwo wonke amagumbi planethi. Tchaikovsky - akuyona nje umqambi abanamakhono, yena - wayeyisazi, lapho umuntu kuhlanganiswe ngokuphumelelayo isipho sikaNkulunkulu amandla elingabuniyo zokudala. It wayengadlali owamenzayo ukukhuluma nabantu kaningi. Wakhetha ukusebenzisa ukukhuluma kubo ngolimi umculo wakhe awufi. Namuhla, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu, abantu abaningi bazi umculo wakhe ngekhanda. 11 opera, 3 ballets, 9 amashuni ngemisebenzi waseshashalazini, 7 umculo wezinsimbi, 5 Suites, 11 amakhonsathi, imisebenzi eminingi wezinsimbi opuses - futhi lokhu kuyinto uhlu akuphelele yemisebenzi yakhe. Abaningi umbono wokuthi Tchaikovsky zaziphila impilo ende. Ngisho umculo izikole abafundi, owazi usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa umqambi omkhulu, ngesicelo othisha - "faka iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe Tchaikovsky", ngokuvamile aphendule 1840-1920 noma 1930. Akekho ungacabanga ukuthi ukuphila umqambi omkhulu yayincane. Washona ngineminyaka engu-53 ikholera.

Biography minyaka yokuqala. Legend ngemvelaphi nezibongo

Evelele umqambi Russian uPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wazalwa ngo-1840 enyangeni ka-May e-akude edolobheni Ural ka Votkinsk. Uyise - Ilya Petrovich ukuthi ungunjiniyela yezimayini. Kunobufakazi bokuthi okhokho zoyise umculi omkhulu sika bazalelwa e-Ukraine. umndeni Tchaikovsky sika ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngumuntu legend ngemvelaphi amagama abo. Omunye wokhokho bakhe - Kazak Emelyan - zihlukaniswa Onendlebe kakhulu umculo futhi ngaphawula bangalingisa amazwi izinyoni. Lapho eseneminyaka shumbi he ke walingisa amazwi gull, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umkhumbi wagijima lonke iphakethe, futhi lapho kuneziphepho, lezi zinyoni ziye zasiza umkhumbi ngokuphepha baziphonse ogwini. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu Kazak Emelyan wathola isidlaliso "We-seagull", kamuva elaba igama uhlobo.

Iminyaka yokuphila Chaykovskogo Petra Ilicha: enkathini yokuqala

Umndeni Ilya Petrovich kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa, ezinhlanu zazo - amadodana namadodakazi 2. Tchaikovsky wahlala ekuchumeni okuphelele, ngoba uyise lo mkhaya Isigwili ngempela futhi enye yezindawo ezinkulu Russian izinkampani steel. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengumuntu fan enkulu yobuciko, Ngangiya njalo yeshashalazi, wayithanda dancing ngisho ukudlala umtshingo omnandi. umhlengikazi ophethe AA Assier, kwaba umsuka Franco-German. Kwakuyisikhathi ngesibonelo sowesifazane wokuziphilisa maphakathi no-19 leminyaka kweqiniso. Alexandra Andreevna, efana nomyeni wakhe, akazithelanga ngabandayo ukuze art. Ezinye kusihlwa Wayedlala upiyano ne yahlabelelela umsindo sihambisana sakhe. Kafushane, iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila uPetru Tchaikovsky yayiqhutshwa ngaphansi kwesimo yokukhulekela umculo. Emzini wabo, ngaphandle upiyano ozithandayo sikamama, futhi kwadingeka Orchestrino. Lokho kuye kwenza ukuba ukulungiswa umqambi yokuqala enkulu yokuvela zomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhaya labo ngokuvamile ukuhambisa phansi nezazi wendawo - Orchestrino ulalele, umdanso futhi udlale umculo. Ngakho, indlu Tchaikovsky ngokushesha phathelana uthathwa njengoba maphakathi Votkinsk nezazi, kanye neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila P. Tchaikovsky wayesekhothama ngaphansi kwesimo ukuhileleka umculo.

izinyathelo kuqala

Tchaikovsky, umqambi lapho ekhumbula ebuntwaneni lwakhe, savuma ukuthi ngisho athule wezwa umculo. Yena njalo kwakuzwakala sisekhanda lakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala kuye ukuthi yayinamathelisisa kuye, futhi wakhathazeka kancane kuye. Ngenxa yokuthi akazange akwazi ukuqopha umculo ukuzwakala asekhanda lakhe, umfana ithemba baqala ukukhala. Yiqiniso, sikhatsateke kakhulu ngemibiko abazali bakhe. Little Petya waqala ukulingisa umdlalo upiyano kunoma iyiphi impahla bushelelezi. Ngaphambili he ngena "ezidlalwa" phezu ingilazi, nishaye umunwe sasinamandla kangangokuthi lwaphuka ingilazi, futhi isandla sakhe waphenduka ukuncishiselwa ezijulile ... Ngokushesha, abazali bakhe benquma ukumema endlini kaPetru uthisha phezu upiyano ne igama ezihlekisayo Palchikova. Wayengumngane serf sangaphambili, self-wafundisa. Umfana Kungakabiphi, ngakwazi ijahe uthisha wakhe futhi waba virtuoso ukudlala insimbi. Ngubani nje owayengenza ukuyichaza ukuthi Petya kancane - umfundi inqaba self-wafundisa - maduze abe omunye bomculo emlandweni umculo classic, futhi ngokushesha umhlaba wonke bayolazi igama lakhe? - UPetru Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe, ikakhulukazi enkathini yokuqala, ezazigcwele nakho zomculo, okuyinto nakanjani nomthelela kwalophiko futhi njengoba umqambi.

Ucezu lokuqala

Yeshe Umfana omncane kakhulu wazama ukuqamba umculo. Eyokuqala kakhulu imisebenzi by Tchaikovsky, okuyinto beza kithi - upiyano waltz encane "Anastasia-waltz", asivulela ukuba uthisha wakhe Anastasia. Lo msebenzi ayibhala ngo kweminyaka eyishumi nane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umfana wayefuna ukuveza nakanjani ukuzibandakanya yasekhaya emhlabeni umculo, abazali bami banquma ukuthi kufanele uthole iziqu zomthetho wakhe. Kodwa lokhu Yiqiniso, awamenzanga ube umqambi, futhi wonke babelazi ngobani Tchaikovsky. Iminyaka yokuphila umqambi sika esikhathini abasha eziphoqelelwe ukuphrinta ezithile ku-ubuntu bakhe. Ngo-1850, lapho waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umuzi bese uya esikoleni Petersburg, wayengumuntu kakhulu exinwe kokuhlukana unina ayemthanda uthando kakhulu khaya emaphethelweni. iminyaka 4 ngemva kwalokho, wanikeza uhlangabezane ukushaqeka nakakhulu: ukufa ikholera kunina. Futhi kwesokunxele angena agxila umphefumulo wakhe for a lifetime. Tchaikovsky iminyaka zokugcina, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokufa, ngokuvamile uyakhumbula umama wakhe. Ngokusobala, kwaba rock kanzima, ngoba uPetru Ilyich, kanye umzali yayo, ufile ikholera.

yokufunda

UPyotr Ilyich wayengumfundi wesazi kuhle, kodwa wafundiswa isigamu-heartedly, kodwa Luhambo yakhe umculo saboniswa usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Ukuba umuntu ebucayi kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo qakala isiphetho indodana yakhe, uyise, wanquma ukuqasha uthisha emibuthanweni zomculo uPetru waziwa - Kyundingera. Futhi lokhu, mhlawumbe, kwaba isinyathelo sokuqala maqondana ukuzalwa inkanyezi umqambi sika, manje eselaziwa kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Ngempela, ubani namuhla abazi ukuthi uPetru Tchaikovsky!? Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe esikhathini zobusha, eyaqala Petersburg, ayecebile futhi elikhanyayo, okuyinto nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni ekuqongeleleni asekhanda lakhe okuvelayo eziningi. Bonke esikhathini esizayo abangu bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe-buchopho.

"Ukuqonda" nge Mozart

Tchaikovsky wasebenza Kyundingerom kweminyaka engaba mithathu. Nokho, umbuzo Ilya Petrovich, kungakhathaliseki indodana yakhe ukuba anikezele ukuphila kwakhe umculo, uthisha wanikina ikhanda wathi akabonanga iphuzu. Kafushane, Kyundinger akakwazanga ke ukuqonda ukuthi ubhekene umqambi omkhulu esizayo Tchaikovsky. Iminyaka yokuphila ke kwaqondana nenkathi ukuchuma e Russian opera uhlobo. Uma e Moscow, wafika ukusebenza "Don Giovanni" by Mozart okukhulu. Peter Young ishaqekile lokho akubona nakuzwa. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe kwaba umqambi owawuqondene naye igunya kunabo bonke emhlabeni umculo. Eminyakeni eyalandela zokuphila Tchaikovsky BakaJehova babebizwa benamandla umsebenzi lukagesi Mozart okukhulu. UPyotr Ilyich wake wavuma ukuthi sibonga "Don Giovanni", wanquma ukuchitha ukuphila kwakhe Umculo wakhe soMkhulu.

Tchaikovsky - Ummeli

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi, ukuthola degree wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo, uPyotr Ilyich baba isisebenzi Ministry of Justice. Tchaikovsky neminyaka yokuphila ngesikhathi lapho eseneminyaka komsebenzi kahulumeni, babe nomuzwa omrachneny ukunganeliseki. Peter osemncane ungakhululekile kule mvelo. Wabalisa amathuba ezingabanjwanga, mayelana ithalente, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, kuyinto sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthuthukisa. Ngalesi sikhathi eRussia, le somculo wokuqala yasungulwa by Rubinstein no-Ilya Petrovich, ngibona ukuhlupheka indodana yakhe, bameluleka ukuba uzame esandleni sakhe, njengendlela umculi, futhi ungene musical esikoleni esiphakeme. Khona-ke le nsizwa engu-22 ubudala. Phakathi nonyaka wakhe wokuqala cwaningo ukuthi kuhlangene service enkonzweni, kodwa ke bakhetha ukushiya umsebenzi azinikele ngokuphelele umculo. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu somculo, yena wanikezwa isikhundla esiphakeme emsebenzini nokufundisa. Lo msebenzi eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-11.

lokusungula zomculo

Okokuqala Piano Concerto Tchaikovsky wabhala lapho engqongqoza 35. Ngokushesha, ukuthandwa kwakhe uqala zikhule ngesivinini Amazing, ngokuvamile ababemenyelwe izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa nokuphila emphakathini lomthwalo njengoba isikhathi. Ngo-1876, empilweni umqambi sika kukhona abavikela zesifazane Nadezhda von Meck. Siyabonga ukwesekwa yayo Tchaikovsky uqala uhambo ngokusebenzisa eYurophu nase Melika. Ngamunye the amadolobha aseYurophu: Paris, Bern, Rome, Venice - ziyabuthonya emsebenzini umqambi. Omunye ucezu umculo esikhundleni omunye, futhi konke yimpumelelo engakaze ibonwe. Ngemva kakhulu ezulazulayo uPyotr Ilyich wafika udadewabo Kamenka (Ukraine). Lapha, ezweni lakubo, umsebenzi wakhe yanda nge force ethile.

Iminyaka yokuphila Tchaikovsky e Klin

Isikhathi ngasinye, ukuqala uhambo olude, uPyotr Ilyich wacabanga yini yokuthi waze waswela indawo ukuya. Yena kakhulu wayefuna ukuba emakhaya abo. Edolobheni suburban ka Klin, Wathenga ezimbili storey indlu ethokomele, okuyinto eyaba "ekhaya" yakhe. Khona-ke yena gade 45. Wafike wahlala khona iminyaka eyishumi. Lawa kwakungamadodana iminyaka yathela impela. Bangaki imisebenzi ekhaliphile zalotshwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Wayevame wayefuna ukuba yedwa naye futhi yezingoma zakhe, kodwa kusuka eMoscow kuya kuye lwaluvame wavakashela abangane kanye abayithandayo. Namuhla, le ndlu iyindawo yokugogobala abaculi abasha kanye abayithandayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo Klin wonke umuntu uyazi lapho endlini lapho bebephila Tchaikovsky omkhulu yedwa. Iminyaka yokuphila nokufa umqambi ekhonjiswe ipuleti phambi kwakhe endlini-Museum - 1840-1893. Wayengumuntu 53 kuphela lapho ikholera wamdla yena, njengoba kwakuke umama wakhe othandekayo. Bangaki imisebenzi ubuhlakani, wakwazi ukubhala, uma wahlala. Kodwa ngeshwa ... Lokho Isiphelo sakhe.