Idolo: umsebenzi kudivayisi ubuchwepheshe. ingqalasizinda sesitimela

Ingxenye ebalulekile wesitimela yizimpahla kuwumsebenzi ukuhlunga lapho ukwakheka usethe ukuba ithunyelwe koyedwa noma kwenye indawo. Station, lapho ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla, ngokuthi ukuhlunga. Emsebenzini wabo basebenzisa eningi amadivayisi ezikhethekile, induna okuyinto kwelunda. Ake sithole ukuthi siyini nokuthi usebenza.

izici Jikelele

Idolo - isakhiwo elise ensimini ka esiteshini sesitimela futhi kwakhiwe noma nokonakala yizimpahla izitimela izitimela. Empeleni, kuba indunduma lapho embondelene w / e indlela. Umklamo sinetigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: lushelele-kungxenye, futhi abakhwabanisi we idolo. On ekwehleni Ukwakheka okuzayo ezodlula lesitimela. Khona-ke imoto ngayinye ngaphansi kwethonya adonsela phansi wedwa iphuma endaweni ohlangothini abakhwabanisi, esemgwaqweni ku eyehlelayo. Phakathi imiqulu off amaslayidi noma namakalishi unhook (izinqola eziningana exhunywe) kwakheka isikhawu eyanele ukuze uthumele imicibisholo ngokuhambisana nohlelo ukwakha izingoma. namakalishi kweqa isivinini ilawulwa ukubopha izikhundla, okuyinto zinama enqoleni retarders.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Esiqongweni sentaba ngokuthi iphuzu yayo eliphakeme. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwayo kungokukaJehova amamitha 3.5 4.5. Lapha izinqola noma unhook ethunyelwe podgorochnye indlela eya endaweni. Umehluko ukuphakama phakathi kwamagquma ngokuthi vertex yayo kanye iphuzu ibalwa okwesikhathi okubi kakhulu podgorochnogo ugingqe endleleni. Ukuphakama ibalwa ukuze siqinisekise ukudlula imoto nge abampofu ukushayela ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kwemvelo kuze kube seqophelweni ebalisisiwe, esithathelwe isitoko at 50 m ukusuka isikhundla ekupheleni ukubopha ngendlela enzima. amaslayidi idolo ngokuthi sehhashi ingxenye yayo, kusukela lapho enqoleni noma unhooked iqala ezimele ukunyakaza phansi.

Slip-ingxenye - phakathi endaweni yokugcina kuletha abantu abayimbijana entanyeni predgorochnoy ethola epaki kanye amaslayidi phezulu. Le ndawo ngokuvamile ifakwe protivouklonom izimoto lula uncoupling, futhi ayeke. Le ngxenye inhlamvu, ngokulandelana, ibizwa ngokuthi indawo phakathi slide phezulu futhi kuqale ukuhlunga yaleli paki. Kulengxenye umzila nge emthambekeni enkulu ibizwa ngokuthi ijubane.

Izinhlobo marshalling amayadi angu

Okuhlobisa amagquma izakhiwo kungaba eyodwa emaceleni, kabili Emaceleni ngakho. Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa amayunithi ezinkulu-ukuhlunga, kanye nenani elikhulu umsebenzi zombili izinkomba. amaslayidi Ngasekuqaleni zazakhiwa kuphela ezindaweni eyehlelayo semvelo sezifunda zaleli zwe. Eziningi zalezi amaslayidi kukhona lisasebenza. Kamuva baqala ukwakha coaster roller nge emthambekeni yokufakelwa.

izindlela Iwusizo unyathela amabhuleki izimoto may futhi ziyahlukahluka. Konke kuncike dawo ndawonaphi idolo itholakala. Zokusebenzela, okwakhiwa kuso emhlabeni ISIZINDA ezokuthutha, ekugcineni bazithola edolobheni. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo isitshalo izidingo ezikhethekile. Sikhuluma ukusebenza buthule omengameli futhi ushintshe igiya, imithetho ekhethekile, nokonakala lokufinyelela okunomkhawulo insimu ka esiteshini.

Izinhlobo Ukuhlolwa amapaki

Ukuhlunga epaki kungenzeka okufanayo ubude ke bube njengobesinye kwezinye iziteshi zamaphoyisa kanye amapaki, noma mfushane. amapaki mfushane kakhulu zivamile enkolweni Melika, lapho isimo sezwe evumayo nangenkathi amabanga amade phakathi iziteshi ungakwazi ukwakha izitimela ende. Kokunciphisa kwaba eqoqwe kwelinye epaki ukuhlunga, exhunywe kwi imizila nabanye polusostavami ukuhamba. Nokho, zikhona izikhathi lapho kuzuzisa ngokwengeziwe ukwakha eside imoto egcekeni. Konke kuncike esifundeni.

isizukulwane yakamuva amaslayidi ukuhlunga ngekunenta izakhi lendawo control ezifana imicibisholo kanye mkhosi kokuthola / ukuthumela amapaki, benethuba ukuhlola zonke izifunda ezidingekayo futhi ukuncika. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana eyodwa ukuphathwa ujantshi marshalling esiteshini ngokukhethekile.

Unhook kwelunda unyathela amabhuleki zone

Eyokuqala kwenzeka unyathela amabhuleki unhook idolo endaweni tekwakha ukuphindaphinda ngezikhawu. It Kwenziwa elilodwa noma amabili TA (ukubopha isikhundla). Okulandelayo unyathela amabhuleki - sextant senzeka epaki, lapho uya khona ukuthutha.

Yaziwa iziteshi of "Railways Russian" forcipate push-retardants, nezinye izinhlelo esetshenziselwa unyathela amabhuleki. Ngokwesibonelo, eziteshini eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, ukucima kwemali olusetshenziswe komzila izingoma camera ne injoloba. Ukungqubuzana amandla ezenzeka ngenkathi ukujikeleza kwesondo metal enamathela iraba, kulawulwa umengameli. I ethembisayo kukhona idolo ukubopha isikhundla ifakwe odonsa unomphela. Ziyakwazi ephumelela kunazo ngesivinini unhook (angaphezu kuka-20 km / h).

Unhook le unyathela amabhuleki epaki

I esishintshashintshayo epaki braking izimoto noma unhook usethe inombolo ethile iphuzu retarders ezinikeza isiqondiso nesivinini athi okuqhubekayo. I kunazo baqaphela okwamanje kukhona iphuzu wokubacindezela piston omengameli imodeli. Basuke isebenze lapho flange isondo agelezela decelerator piston ogibele entanyeni wesitimela. Uma ijubane ugingqe weqiwe (bhalisiwe nge inzwa), amandla ngokweqile kinetic luqede lapho piston idluliswa phansi.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani okwandile futhi wathola Kuvunguza retarder wokubacindezela. Lapho ukuthutha ugijima phezu kwayo, flange isondo iza mbeni ne protrusion Kuvunguza of uMbhalo, lona wamuva ukwenza inzuzo, ukuthatha ingxenye amandla isondo. Ukumelana, okuzokwenza ube retarder enqoleni ekutheni yimalini ijubane emotweni idlula kuyinsakavukela.

Unyathela amabhuleki kwi iziteshi emthambekeni yemvelo

amayadi angu Marshalling nge ukuchema kuzo control yemvelo ijubane ngokuvamile kwenzeka kulo lonke uzalo, futhi endaweni predparkovoy kuhlanganise. Amaslayidi anemisila isizukulwane yakamuva out izinqola, okuyinto zitholakala ngaphakathi nje ithrekhi futhi zingasuswa esebenzisa izintambo elawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kudingekile, ungakwazi ngisho ukhiphe izinqola unhooked ezimotweni, yena okumelwe uzihlanganise nalo. Amadivayisi anjalo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa w d Munich iziteshi /, Zurich no Rotterdam.

Ngaphezu kwalokho amadivayisi braking amaslayidi ukuhlunga nazo ifakwe accelerators wokubacindezela. Zivame etholakala endaweni epaki, futhi usebenze uma unhooked uhamba ngesivinini ngaphansana kuyinsakavukela.

Uhlelo lokuqala amagquma zokuhlobisa

Indlela yokuqala enalokho kuthambekela isabelo sokwaba izimoto Yakhiwa ku Dresden ngo-1946. Ngaleso sikhathi, enye indlela nokuqedwa izitimela eye yasakazwa eYurophu - ne turntables. Ngo 1858, esiteshini Leipzig lokuqala usesimweni idolo uhlelo yakhiwa. Esikhathini kwindlela idolo siyasebenza namuhla, kwathiwa lokuqala elakhiwa 1863 ku esiteshini French Ter Nord.

protivouklon lokuqala

Ngo-1876, ngesikhathi isitshalo German lokuqala ukuhlunga lento ehlukile protivouklonom ukushelela-kungxenye futhi endaweni Lesisemkhatsini Yakhiwa Shpeldorf. amaslayidi Ngasekuqaleni eyakhelwe eyehlelayo zemvelo, ngaphandle protivouklona. Ngo-1891, saqala ukusebenzisa ukwehlukana ukuhlunga epaki ku imishayo (indlela iqembu). Esikhundleni braking amadivayisi uma esetshenziswa ukubopha izicathulo. Lezi Amadivayisi ezilula kube yilolu suku ingatholakala kwi iziteshi emthambekeni zemvelo.

I retarder lokuqala

Esikhathini eko kwekhulu elidlule eYurophu nase Melika, baqala ukusebenzisa uhlobo enqoleni retarder uvumelanise. Ngo-1923, ku-esiteshini European Hamm umkhankaso eziyinkimbinkimbi ngomshini ka retarders ezine wokubacindezela. Ngenxa uvele emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo izinqubo of yinye electromechanical we ithuba lokufeza elawulwa kude sesitimela kwelunda ndawo. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, amadivaysi wokuqala kagesi ziye zadalwa, ukugcina oda izimoto ezidlulayo. Ngokuhambisana umsebenzi isethi, basuke ngokuzimela elawulwa inkinobho imishini ngemishayo.

ezishintshayo ngokugcwele

Ngo-1955, esiteshini Chicago Kirk umkhankaso wokuqala elawulwa idolo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo-1970 e iziteshi ezinkulu kakhulu kwakukhona ezishintshayo ephelele gravity humps. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho baqala ukusebenzisa umsakazo ukulawula amakhanda, kanjalo ngcono ukukhiqiza.

izindlela

Engxenyeni zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili yesibili kwakukhona ukuthambekela le predominance ka lifike encane. Ngenxa lokuncintisana phakathi wesitimela nezinye izinhlobo wezimpahla ezokuthutha esitsheni ezokuthutha abe efanele, okuvumela ukunciphisa izindleko ukuminyana futhi ujabulele izinzuzo uhlobo yezokuthutha ngamunye. Ukuze overload izitsha ezivela ujantshi sayiswa komgwaqo futhi ulwandle ezokuthutha, izindawo akhethekile aye ifakwe izindlela crane. With ukuthuthukiswa esitsheni izimpahla e-Europe, iziteshi eziningi ukuhlunga adlulisa amapaki zabo umsebenzi, okungaba overload iziqukathi ngezimoto hhayi kuphela olwandle ngemgwaco, kodwa futhi kwamanye izitimela.

Isakhiwo MSR 32

Siemens inkampani iye yathuthukiswa ukwakhiwa kanye sesimanje ujantshi marshalling amayadi angu ekhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi MSR 32. It kuncike uhlobo amandla amaslayidi oyifunayo, kanye profile yayo kanye nezimo zendawo kudala imodeli ukuthi ihlolwe ngosizo amakhompyutha electronic. Imodeli sibonisa ukuthi iyiphi isikhundla efaneleka kakhulu ijubane izinzwa vesomery, amamitha unhook Ubukhulu, ukubopha isikhundla, nezinye izakhi esiteshini ekuhlungeni.

Uhlelo uvuma kunoma lwetidzingo sibonga ikhasimende kudivayisi Modular. It is linamathele amaslayidi ahlukile, unyathela amabhuleki imiqondo kanye processing amakhono. Ngokwesibonelo, e Zurich slide, ayihlomele MSR uhlelo 32, icubungula izimoto 330 ngehora. injini siqhutshwa umsakazo. E Vienna, efanayo yokuhlukanisa iphuzu sinesikhundla izimoto 320 ngehora. Esitimela lokhu coaster roller siphela emsakazweni. Uhlelo osinikeza coaster roller ukushintshana okuqhubekayo kolwazi kanye izikhungo control. idolo Operator kumele kuphela ukuthi konke kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni akavumanga njengoba kufanele. Ikhasi lokuqala ezwe elaliyi-USSR, lapho Siemens ufake ubuchwepheshe zayo zaba Vaidotai esiteshini eLithuania. Kancane kancane 32 MSR ubuchwepheshe kuhlakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Eziteshini JSC "Russian Railways", basuke ngine-.