HIMARS - amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo (High Mobility wezikhali Rocket System): Izici

HIMARS - amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo, engabe esakwazi ukuhamba ethuthukisiwe. It yenzelwe ukuhlasela emakamu izindawo wezikhali, izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela, amaloli, neyokweseka, izimoto armored nezinye izinto. umsebenzi wesibili kohlelo HIMARS ukusekela amabutho ayo futhi kusho ukuqinisekisa. Ake sibone ukuthi yikuphi okunye kungaba ozibongayo zalesi simiso, elifanekisela izikhali zanamuhla American!

ISENDLALELO SOMTHETHO

Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza-United States ucabanga udala eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana - isidingo izikhali izingxenye Marine Corps,-Marine, futhi impendulo ngokushesha iziqhumane mobile, okungase ngendiza cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Phakathi nawo-80s inkampani Loral Vought Systems eqala ukuhlola nethemba ukuthuthukiswa TPK ayisithupha barreled (ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa isitsha) ukwethula 227 osezingeni futhi ukugibela zilandelwa ezinamasondo chassis yayo. Uhlelo ukudala ephezulu ukuhamba uhlelo wezikhali futhi sihlose at nethemba uhlelo air zokuthutha esebenzisa lempi iC-130 izindiza. Ukusebenza nje Imbangela, owawusedolobheni ngasekupheleni 1989 ePanama, ukufanekisa ngokuphelele ngokucacile isidingo ukuthuthukiswa HIMARS.

design

Ehlobo lika-1990 US Army waqala ukwenza zonke izimfuno izinhlelo engasindi esisheshayo esekelwe iloli chassis. Imashi sibonelo esenzeka ngo-September 1994. Konyaka izikhali isigamu US umyalo guided langena inkontileka nezinkampani Fire neKwakha Lockheed Martin Missiles inhlangano imishini MLRS HIMARS. Inani inkontileka zaba 22.3 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Ngaphansi inkontileka, ochwepheshe yenkampani aqoqene imishini impi ezine zokuhlola. Ezintathu kuzo zazinikezwa ikhasimende isivivinyo seminyaka emibili, nakuba yesine wahlala ekuhlolweni unjiniyela. Ehlobo lika-1998, izazi Army Melika olwenziwa ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa ngokudubula ATACMS missile ngesisekelo umshini prototype MLRS HIMARS.

ziqu test

Uvivinyo olunzima ngempela Mobility okuphezulu wezikhali Rocket System (uhlelo igama eliphelele), lidlule ngo-2003. Babehlanganisa kokudubula amagobolondo ezifana: rocket unguided-M26, MGM-140B ejikijelwayo MGM-164A ATACMS eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye guided ezicitshwayo MLRS uhlelo. Kuze kube namuhla, akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho ukuthi chassis elilodwa lingaba silingane TPK calibers ahlukahlukene. Ngo-January 2004, abakhiqizi seziqedile prototype ukuhlolwa kwe-mshini. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi HIMARS - amaningi kwethulwa rocket uhlelo, okuyinto has ehloniphekile ukulwa Tactical futhi izici nokusebenza. On kwaba olunye uvivinyo lempi ngangokunokwenzeka lokuphinda yaseshashalazini impi. Bathatha prototype esayithini test usebenzisa izindiza zokuthutha iC-130. Kungakapheli ngisho nemizuzu emihlanu imoto zithululwe. Khona-ke wathatha isikhundla kokudubula futhi atholakale digital isiteshi ukulwa kumishini. Umphumela kwatholwa volley lwamarokhethi eziyisithupha ukuqeqeshwa. Joint umzimba / ukuhlolwa Abamele MLRS, Army futhi Marines.

Ehlobo lika-2005 HIMARS missile uhlelo waqala ukungena inkonzo. Inhlangano kuqala HIMARS uhlelo lwayo arsenal baba 27 Field wezikhali Regiment 18 Airborne Corps Melika.

rocket P44

Kowezi-2000, inkampani Lockheed Martin isungule prototype we rocket P44 ukuthi lwenzelwe contact enembile ezihambayo okuhloswe bekude, lichaza ekwakheni MLRS futhi HIMARS ukulwa izinhlelo. Kungenandlela yokubaleka yakhelwe esitsheni 10 ihlanganise ezicitshwayo. I sibonelo ukusebenza ngosizo GPS, kumodi ye asizayo isiqondiso inertial, ukubhubhisa Okuqondiwe esinqunyiwe, futhi homing ikhanda ngoba ezihambayo okuhloswe. Esimeni sesibili, missile kwaba ifakwe isimiso olulodwa multi-purpose ezicitshwayo JCM.

I sibonelo waba ikhanda homing ezisebenza izindlela ezintathu:

1. Doppler radar. Isebenza ku uhla milimitha. Ingasetshenziselwa kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Yashaya Okuqondiwe ezihambayo.
2. Selehlile infrared. Ubona abuye ahlele okuhloswe.
3. laser Semi-asebenzayo. Uyaziqhumisa ilitshe nge okuqondiswe ezengeziwe.

Imodeli 177-mm wakhethwa njengosuku booster, okuyinto kuyahluka amanani aphansi kanye nokwenzeka ukuqhubeka. Ngo umklamo prototype wasebenzisa ikhanda ingxenye ezandisiwe rocket noma Esihogweni Somlilo II ikhanda ezuziwe ingxenye, ubonakala ngokuba iyunithi obumba. Esikhathini esizayo sihlelwe vozmonost ukwanda ubude isisindo rocket.

Ngo-March 2007 kwabikwa ukuthi missile lwavivinywa ngempumelelo e umgudu womoya, ushe kazibuthe injini rocket, futhi indiza sokuhlola landfill White Sands eNew Mexico. Ngemva kwenyanga, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le test kwesibili wayengekho ngaphansi yimpumelelo. Phakathi kokuxilongwa of zokuhlola amasampula P44 rocket kwaba bazibandakanye ekulweni umshini HIMARS, okuyiwona ngalezi namarokhethi zenzelwe.

sesimanje imishini

Ekupheleni 2006, inkampani Lockheed Martin usesayine US Army-1.8 million inkontileka ukuthuthukisa i izimoto abanikeze asebenza nabo ukulwa eziphambili. Yesimanje ukhathazeke kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha umshayeli. Ngokusho inkontileka, umsebenzi sesimanje zaziyophela kungakapheli 30 Septhemba 2010. Cabs wathola zempi ezengeziwe, okuyinto zivikela amachashazi, eziyingozi amagobolondo nezimayini.

Ngo-March 2008, Lockheed Martin wamemezela ukuqala umshayeli guided ezicitshwayo amane, okuyinto esetshenziswa entsha jikelele nokulawula umlilo uhlelo. Ngaphambi kokuba usayine inkontileka ukukhiqizwa yabadobi kokuqala, phezu Texas futhi Arkansas izimboni inkampani ezakhiwa prototypes eyisithupha US Army nokulingwa.

Phakathi no-2008, ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula nge amaningi iziqhumane HIMARS rocket GMLRS irekhodi eyayibekwe indiza ibanga - 85 km. Ngo-November walowo nyaka olandelayo, inkampani Lockheed Martin uthe ukuthi lesi sibalo ekuhlolweni zokugcina senyuselwa 92 km. Ulwazi ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo oluqondiswa ayitholakali kabanzi. Libuye Akucaci noma umsebenzi yanquma Salvo yokuqalisa imicibisholo, lapho ngamunye wabo ukuhlonza isisulu saso, noma ukusetshenziswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo zinto kusho evamile, hhayi Volley labadubuli.

Ngo-March 2009, ku-polygon efanayo White Sands, wadlula ukuhlolwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho elwa uhlelo HIMARS umkhankaso umshini 2 elawulwa anti-aircraft kweminsalo, ngokuthi SLARAAM. Izivivinyo Kwakuseshwa ukusebenza novivinyo kweminsalo olusha futhi inhlangano komzila ukuze namarokhethi esitsheni. Kugcine kabusha kusukela ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa esitsheni ATACMS ezicitshwayo. Uma uphelelwa amagobolondo anti-aircraft esetshenziswa HIMARS uhlelo lokulawula umlilo, isofthiwe okuyinto eziningana ngaphambi kokuba siphothulwe. Lapho uhlelo lokulawula umlilo luzophothulwa, futhi uzobe usethe ekuhanjisweni ngoba SLAMRAAM kweminsalo, iyophuma enze inkonzo ethile. Umyalo US Armed Forces ihlela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo HIMARS uhlelo imishini ebusweni-to-air missile okumele asetshenziswe ngendlela basakaza uhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela inethiwekhi-centric.

Ukubhapathizwa umlilo HIMARS

Multiple kwethulwa rocket uhlelo, okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo namuhla, wakwazi ukudlula umbhapathizo umlilo "Operation Iraq Freedom". ukulwa nokusetshenziswa okugcina okwenzeka mhlaka-14 Febhuwari 2010. Phakathi NATO antiterrorist ukusebenza edolobheni e-Afghanistan Marjah, 2 HIMARS uhlelo missile aphambuka eziqondiwe ukushaya isakhiwo empini, ukubulala abantu abangenacala abalinganiselwa 12.

amathemba

Ngo-January 2011, inkampani Lockheed Martin waklonyeliswa inkontileka yokwakha 44 HIMARS izinhlelo, izindleko ingqikithi ezingafinyelela nje ngaphansi $ 140 million. Lapho beqeda kule oda, ngo-2013, inani ukulwa izindiza enkonzweni US Armed Forces, kwaba 375. Ngo-2015, lelo nani lase lenyukele ku-480 amakhophi. Imishini ifakwe eziningi iziqhumane, enikeziwe hhayi kuphela e-US, kodwa ibutho nabasizi balo - United Arab Emirates, Singapore naseJordani.

Imininingwane HIMARS uhlelo

Multiple kwethulwa rocket uhlelo kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukulwa imoto M142 imodeli.
2. Ezokuthutha kanye ukulayisha imoto.
3. Missiles (waqondisa unguided).
4. Kusho lokulawula umlilo.

umshini

Ukulwa imoto inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-5-ton iloli Stewart & Stevenson 6x6. Udizili, 6.6-litre, 6 cylinder Caterpillar ophephela injini eba 290 amahhashi. Uphethiloli has a ivolumu 56 amalitha. Cruising lebanga 480 km. Injini usebenza esihambisana okuzenzakalelayo (ungenayo umbono kuba okuzenzakalelayo) gearbox amabanga eziyisikhombisa. Ukumiswa has simise parabolic nge leaf iziphethu. Imoto imvume 564 mm. Iloli kungaba umbelesele amanzi isithiyo ku-ka-900 mm ukujula. Amatilosi kunabantu abathathu: umshayeli, umdubuli kambayimbayi nomyali. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umsebenzi Ungasingatha nowesilisa oyedwa.

rocketry

Standing iphakethe iziqondiso rocketry abuzange. Ngenxa Umhlahlandlela isicelo zifane alahlwayo TPK MLRS uhlelo nge umshini. HIMARS isiqalisi nomlilo yimiphi guided nezikhali ezicitshwayo unguided MLRS uhlelo, kanye imodeli of missile MGM-MGM-140 futhi 164 ATACMS eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho odlule Tactical missile qalisa, ukudubula ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa isitsha indawo icala. Ukushaja futhi uphawu TPK senzeka endaweni yokukhanda. Standard TPK ukala kancane ezingaphezu kwamathani amabili futhi amashubhu 6 zakhiwe ingilazi endwangwini, okuyinto zihlanganiswa aluminium yezinyoni. Ukuze udlulisele le projectile lapho kokudubula ijubane ukujikeleza 10-12 ngomzuzu, ngaphakathi Umhlahlandlela kukhona Helical Polozkov. missile Tactical yethulwa ngokuqondile esitsheni zalutho. In esinjalo TPK missile ingagcinwa iminyaka okungenani 10, nokugcina ukulwa layo ukulungela.

Lingatshajwa nomlilo ukulawula

A ezosetshenziswa icala exchange (TZM) yakhelwe njengoba beya console ifakwe indophi kagesi. Mechanism ungaphatha kokubili cab futhi ngokusebenzisa console akude. Samuntu yesibili ikakhulukazi ofanele, njengoba ukucaciseleka ezahlukene. Ukushaja WPK ibe PZM umnikazi, lona wamuva ibekwe endaweni evundlile, futhi ingalo yakhe enwetshiwe. Nge esitsheni crane waphakamisa bese usetha endaweni. I indophi igibele enkabeni yesisindo esitsheni.

Uhlelo lokulawula umlilo, kanye-module electronics kanye nedivayisi zokuxhumana lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba amadala BM MLRS. Nokho, kuze kube manje, bakhula inguqulo yesimanje imoto, elawulwa kude okuyinto lithuthukile interface. Igama lapha ehloselwe interface tekusebenta futhi izakhi.

Ezokuthutha kanye ukulayisha imoto

Njengoba ezokuthutha kanye ukulayisha imoto, it is a iloli nge crane ugibelile nenqola. Njengoba umshini lokulwa, it has a 6x6. Ukuphakamisa slewing crane itholakala ezingemuva iloli. Ngalo, opharetha kucuketse imali eningi iziqukathi ezokuthutha-kwethulwa. Trailer kudingeka ukuthutha TPK ezengeziwe.

umshini Ukulwa kungenziwa athuthwe endaweni ukushayela izindiza zokuthutha impahla iC-130 "Hercules". Ngemva athula kuwo, yena ezilungele okugcwele akukho imizuzu engaphezu kuka-10. Rocket ekilasini HIMARS nqubo mobile kakhulu, ngakho lisemsebenzini, washesha eshiya emgqeni labadubuli. Okwamanje athuthukile okufana ukufakwa ingxenye HIMARS wezikhali izinhlelo kuya Ushintshe imoto chassis ethwele amandla amathani 7.

Enye kancane izici ezithakazelisayo:

1. Umshini Ubukhulu: obuphelele - 6949, ububanzi - 2400, ukuphakama - 3180 mm.
2. Isisindo elwa umshini ngaphandle amagobolondo: 13696 kg. Nge amagobolondo - mayelana 16.000 kg. I chassis ukala 8273, kanye module ne isitsha - 2915 kg.
3. ngesivinini esiphezulu izimoto icala - 89 km / h. Ngaphandle izinhlamvu Isivinini mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 5 km / h.
4. Ukusuka esiphezulu ezingasetshenziswa unqobe umshini - degrees 60.
5. engela ovundlile lomlilo - 280 degrees.

Russian analogue

Ucingo rocket wezikhali khona kanye e-Russia. It imelelwa emkhayeni MLRS "Tornado". Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama - "Grad" futhi "Smerch". Isikali "Grad" uhlelo 122 mm. Siqukethe yesimanje ukulwa imoto, ngokuzenzakalela indawo elawula uhlelo projectiles unguided. Lena ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, inguqulo omncane "Tornado".

MLRS "Smerch" icishe ifane uhlelo US HIMARS. amagobolondo usayizi isivele 300 mm, futhi ububanzi esiphezulu - 130 km. "Twister" iqala ezicitshwayo unguided futhi correctable. Esikhathini esizayo, it ayavuma ukwandisa uhla yokubalekela "Tornado". MLRS "Smerch" ubizwa nangokuthi sakhiwa imoto yesimanje nge-othomathikhi isiqondiso uhlelo.