Ihange lomkhumbi. Ihange Matrosov: tesakhiwo

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuba ukhulume ihange? Simple, Uma unganakile, lo mklamo. Kodwa-ke kudlala indima enkulu empilweni ngaphandle komkhumbi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we Anchor - umkhumbi is ngokuphepha uboshelwe umhlaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lalikuphi, olwandle noma ogwini. Zasogwini noma yacht, cruise umkhumbi, noma ngamaloli multi-ton - ukuhamba ephephile isikhala ulwandle nanoma yisiphi isitsha incike ukuthembeka amahange.

Ihange imiklamo ziye zashintsha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ukuthembeka, lula ukusetshenziswa, isisindo - ipharamitha ngalinye kungase kutholakale by olwandle uqobo, ngokubala nautical miles. amahange Iningi kukhona amagama: Admiralty, iqhwa, igeja, ikati. Kodwa kukhona amahange, yaqanjwa Abadali zabo. Phakathi abasunguli imiklamo okunokwethenjelwa uzwakale amagama: Hall kanye amatilosi, Danforth, Bruce Byers, Boldt.

"Ihange uchungechunge indandatho ethekwini ... 'noma Crew ihange

Ihange kumele aqinisekise ephephile berthing, umkhumbi, isikebhe noma yacht emigwaqweni futhi olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihange linendima ebalulekile ekuxazululeni nezinye izinkinga:

• It kukhawulela ukuhamba isitsha phakathi mooring bangene komunye umkhumbi noma mooring sezulu izimo ezingezinhle, imisinga enamandla, enifeza ukulayisha imisebenzi.
• Lets make ukujika ephephile izindawo wayiswa (isb e Harbour ewumngcingo).
• Can ngokushesha ucime inertia futhi ukumisa umkhumbi lapho ebhekene ukushayisana.
• Ukusiza ukuba refloat + umkhumbi crew.

Izingxenye isakhiwo ihange (chain hawse amapayipi) ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa lapho ethwele.

Isimo lapho ihange isetshenziswa, kungenziwa ngamaqembu amabili.

Iqembu lokuqala - ukusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo: ezimweni lapho ihange iwukugcina umkhumbi iphezulu amandla umoya maholoholo kolwandle.

Iqembu lesibili - ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke: ezokwehla esitobhini esilandelayo esifushane izulu lihle

Isakhiwo armature

Umnsalo emkhunjini - indawo lapho idivayisi okubambelela itholakala. Engeziwe ihange isakhiwo ogibele esikebheni of imikhumbi emikhulu, icebreakers futhi tugboats. Lo mklamo uhlanganisa ngqo ihange, iketango ihange noma intambo, uchungechunge ibhokisi kudivayisi lapho amaketanga intambo kuxhunywe isidumbu fairlead umkhumbi, uyisivalo, kanye Spire futhi windlass ngawo ukunikeza kukhushulwe futhi ihange.

Futhi lokho kukodwa nje ihange emilenzeni steel okuyinto ukuphepha umkhumbi, nabagibeli abangu ebhodini?

Ihange - umklamo ekhethekile (ashiselwe, waphonsa noma zakhiwa) okuyinto olubi phansi futhi uphethe isitsha esebenzisa uchungechunge ihange noma intambo. It inezigaba eziningana:

Uthi lokuphotha (ibha longitudinal) nge okubambelela ubakaki engxenyeni engenhla - ngokusebenzisa le ubakaki unamathele iketango ihange;

Imilenze nezimpondo, okuyinto Banamathele umile lokuphotha noma swivel.

Thina amahange ngenduku, phezulu uthi lokuphotha ukukhwezwa induku transverse, ukwandisa amathuba okudingeka amandla eliyifa.

Ihange design: inhloso, uhlobo

Ngu aphoyintimenti umkhumbi amahange yilezi:

• Asizayo: amahange, VERP, Dreki, amakati, iqhwa. Indima amahange asizayo - ukusiza ume ezimweni ezithile: lapho begibela eza abagibeli, yokulayisha athula, ukususa lo mkhumbi kusukela esihlabathini, umkhumbi ungaba emphethweni ice ensimini.
• Uba: On isitsha ngasinye, kufanele kube 3 (2 fairleads, 1 - kwi emphemeni).

Ngendlela inhlabathi amasampuli zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili.

Elinye iqembu ihlanganisa armature, okuyinto thatha phansi (m. E. Burrow kuwo) kwelinye isidladla. Ngokuyinhloko lokhu kuhlanganisa ihange Admiralty.

ihange ezihlanganiswe isigcawu ogcwalisa phansi amabili izinyawo: Hall ihange, Byers, Boldt, grusonia-uHein, Matrosov.

Kuba ihange kumele kuhambisane nenqubo elandelayo:

• amandla;
• ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo;
• amasampuli emhlabathini omuhle;
• ngokuhlukana okuncane kusuka phansi ngesikhathi ephakamisa;
• fastener elula endaweni "yaso stowed."

Enye indlela ebalulekile kakhulu - esikhulu force ubambe, ukuthi ungamandla esiphezulu ukalwe khilogremu, ngaphansi kwethonya lapho ihange okuphuma emhlabathini futhi uzokwazi ukugcina isikebhe "kwi leash".

Yakor- "Admiral"

Admiralty ihange Kungashiwo kufanele kubhekwe umakadebona phakathi amahange lomkhumbi. Cishe lena yiyona kuphela omele izakhiwo kanye isitokwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayefanele esikhundleni imodeli yesimanje kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa, namanje efeza indima yalo kuleli umkhumbi lasolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yizinhlobonhlobo eklanywe ngokuhlakanipha ngayo.

eminyaka Eliqinisekisiwe ekwakheni ihange Admiralty ngamafuphi: imilenze fixed nezimpondo baphonswa noma ababa nabo uthi lokuphotha bese bakha linye, ngaphandle izakhi ezengeziwe lokukhanda. Stem - lokhuni noma lwensimbi. umsebenzi wakhe - ukusiza ngokushesha inhlabathi kocingo elungile orientation ihange ukunamathela phansi.

Umklamo icwecwe kakhulu folds: stem ibekwe eduze othini lokuphotha, futhi onobuhle zamanje kungenziwa eligoqiwe nasemilenzeni. Lokhu lula isitoreji kanye zokuhamba we Anchor Phakathi nohambo.

Izinzuzo osebenza a eliyifa butho elikhulu (isilinganiso salo elilingana 10-12), futhi ingaphezulu "nozakwethu" abaningi nge isisindo esifanayo.

"Admiral" uyakwazi okubhekana nanoma isiphi phansi kuhle: gade angakatjheji wesabe lutho amatshe amakhulu, phakathi avamise wanamathela "nozakwethu" yakhe noma ukuhambisana esikhohlisayo daka noma stratum ulwelwe kwamanzi.

I yokuntula zihlanganisa lezindiza ikhehla futhi ambiance ku bulkiness, eyinkimbinkimbi kwegazi - kuholela yokuthi kuba enzima ukukhweza isikhundla stowed futhi akufanele sisheshe ukunikeza. Ihange yensimbi kokuzihlanganisa nekwetfula izidingo okuqinile izinga impahla kanye bumbela - kuholela izindleko zalo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Stem ukuvelela, ngokuvamile uyahluleka: yensimbi egoba, futhi umonakalo ukhuni clams, ke ulula futhi ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela.

Lapho diving emhlabathini, omunye unyawo nimkhiphela, posing usongo nje kwamanzi angajulile aleli lwemikhumbi, futhi uma senza ngokuvumelana uphondo phansi kungenziwa exhunyiwe futhi obuntofontofo ihange chain.

Hall ihange

Ngo-1988, eyiNgisi Hall yomthetho ihange ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Lokhu ihange Uphinde abhekwe isosha Navy, rodless kuphela. Umklamo siqukethe othini lokuphotha kanye imilenze emibili, ukubunjwa kanye ebhokisini.

Paws kukhona engavamile kuleli isakhiwo: abe ukuma flat, futhi jika kungenziwa liphenduka phezu eksisi.

Ibhokisi futhi isidladla isisindo amagagasi nge mabhamuza ngesimo izindwani. Umsebenti wabo - ukujikisa imilenze, kubenze ukuya enhlabathini kumuntu ukujula okuyinto izikhathi 4 ubude tines ngokwabo. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma phansi ibuthakathaka futhi kumele kakhulu sijulise ukufeza esisekelweni esiqinile.

Inzuzo elingenakuphikwa amahange Hall ezibhekwa enkulu ngokwanele ubambe amandla, ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo (inganikelwa sendleleni, futhi, le ndlela ibuyisela ngisho kusiza Khulisa bangcwabe isidladla) futhi yokuhlanza lula fairlead.

Emanzini angajulile akusiyo yingozi nezinye izitsha, kusukela emilenzeni amanga phansi mba, ngaleyo ndlela avalele uchungechunge ihange noma intambo izinyawo kungenzeka.

Ngu ukuklanywa yokuntula zihlanganisa kungathembeki ka yasibamba amahange lichaza ekwakheni heterogeneous kwenhlabathi kwenzeka torque noma ngenkathi emile emigwaqeni evulekile lapho isiqondiso somoya noma wamanje oqinile lapho armature iqala ukuba ingene spurts. Kulokhu, lapho Jerk ihange eqinile ephuma emhlabathini, bese aphinde ngokusebenzisa ushona namafosholo ukuthi uphathe indunduma nagresti inhlabathi. Lokhu kungenxa ibanga kakhulu phakathi kwemilenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhokisi lomnyango kungase jam uma ushaye isihlabathi noma amatshe.

Lapho kukhishwa i-fairlead ihange lapho wokuhlanza ngezidladla abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba zime ezindaweni zazo siqu oyifunayo ngenxa isikhungo asiphumelelanga kakhulu gravity indawo.

ihange Matrosov

Lokhu ihange liphakathi imiklamo esimanjemanje kakhulu lenyuka amandla ubambe. Wadala unjiniyela Soviet I. R. Matrosovym e Ngonyaka ka-1946, uye ifakwe izinzuzo futhi uqede nemiphumela ethile engathandeki we ngezidladla ezimbili zama-amahange: ngezinyawo esinqunyiwe (ezifana Admiralty) kanye pivoting (Hall ihange).

ihange design simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: imilenze lokuphotha, ohlangothini izinduku, ihange ubakaki.

Ngo Matrosov uhlelo swivel ububanzi izinyawo vala close kakhulu uthi lokuphotha futhi eduze komunye nomunye ukuze ngesikhathi kungcwatshwa emhlabathini uqale ukusebenza njengoba omunye isidladla enkulu. Le ndawo ngamunye wabo kunabanye isakhiwo ihange. Ndawonye ngezidladla waphonsa induku nge lateral namagagasi. Induku is offset upwardly maqondana eksisi ukuzungeza uthi lokuphotha. Injongo yalo - ukuvikela ihange kusukela tipping futhi ukwanda ubambe amandla, ezingena emhlabathini ngezidladla yakhe.

Izinzuzo bomklamo ukuzinza umdwebo phansi, a eliyifa butho elikhulu ngisho isihlabathi esithambile futhi nenhlabathi silty nasemifantwini yamadwala, kuyinto isisindo kuqhathaniswa ukukhanya kalula sokuhoxisa ku fairlead ngesikhathi wokuhlanza. Ekuqa- umkhumbi 360 ⁰ kunesithembiso ngokuqiniseka.

It has design nemibi. Emhlabathini ngokuqinile lapho besanda kuqala sokungena ihange engazinzile. Uma imilenze zaphumela kusuka emhlabathini, kabusha emhlabathini akufakiwe, kanye ihange uyaqhubeka ukuba ingene. Isikhala phakathi kwemilenze ngesikhathi lokuphotha ewumngcingo ukuze ngokuvamile clog inhlabathi - ke akukuniki kungenzeka siphambuke Liyaqebekula ngokukhululekile.

ukukhiqizwa

Matrosov ihange itholakala izinguqulo ezimbili:

• ashiselwe (isidladla ashiselwe)
• esigcwele isisindo olubunjiwe (isidladla olubunjiwe)

izinga lobuchwepheshe ukuze ihange Matrosov - GOST 8497-78. Isetshenziselwa amahange, ezisetshenziswa surface imikhumbi, izikebhe kanye izindawo elintantayo maphakathi nezwe.

Imininingwane kanye nemingcele kuchazwe isisindo (isisindo ihange)

ihange eziphothene

ihange ashiselwe Matrosov ekhiqizwa kwi kg 5 kuya 35 insimbi engagqwali noma insimbi camera nge anodized noma upende camera.

Izikhonkwane, embozwe upende, zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe (yokuhlanza nokugqwala nopende), njengoba upende ngokushesha waklebhula off phansi. Anodic enamathela livikela kakhulu, kodwa kubuye kuncike ukushaqeka ngokomzimba ku nabo emhlabathini. I eziphikelelayo iningi izakhiwo ashiselwe - amahange, ashiselwe insimbi engagqwali.

inkatho ihange

Ingxubevange amahange wenza Matrosov isisindo kusuka 25 1500 kg.

Zivame usakaze cast iron futhi camera nge anodic isimemezelo noma upende.

Ihange Matrosov sokusakaza inguqulo umshayeli ihlolwe ngempumelelo emikhunjini yokudoba ulwandle endaweni nokusebenza. Izinzuzo ke phambi ihange Hall babe obungenakuphikwa.

Futhi lokho kungcono?

Banikezwe ezihlukahlukene amahange emikhunjini, ayikho impendulo elula umbuzo onjani design kungcono.

Nokho, eziningi ezivivinya ukucacisa ubukhulu ubambe amandla ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi wabonisa ukuthi ihange Matrosov izikhathi 4 Admiralty neHholo nge anesisindo esilinganayo.

Ihange ngempumelelo ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo izitsha mfula maphakathi nezwe, umfula imikhumbi, izikebhe kanye yezikebhe. On imikhumbi Navy wayekwenza uyisebenzisa njengoba inkampani.