Izinkampani esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (2014). izinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela kakhulu emhlabeni

Imboni kawoyela egatsheni main yamazwe ngamazwe amandla umkhakha. It hhayi kuphela kuthinta ubuhlobo yomnotho womhlaba, kodwa futhi imbangela evamile izingxabano zempi. Lesi sihloko sinikeza isilinganiso izinkampani kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuyinto umholi ekukhiqizeni uwoyela.

Lezi zindlela ukukala

Ekubhaleni simo ochwepheshe uwoyela ukulinganisa izinkampani esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngemibandela eziyisisekelo ezifana:

• imiqulu isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa;
• izinqolobane etholakalayo;
• processing umthamo;
• ukusebenza kwezimali izinkampani uwoyela;
• Sales amavolumu lamafutha imikhiqizo elicwengiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi imiphumela yonke sazana izilinganiso zingase zihluke. Lokhu kungenxa ukusetshenziswa zindlela ezahlukene phakathi nokuhlola. Ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso Energy Intelligence is ihlanganiswe ngesisekelo izinkomba ambalwa of ukukhiqizwa (umthamo production, izinqolobane, ukucutshungulwa amavolumu kanye yokuthengisa) kanye izici zezimali azikho. Sizobheka uhlu izinkampani best uwoyela, owaqala wenza Forbes.

Isilinganiso imidondoshiya lamafutha, njengokutsho Forbes

Forbes ibekwe ohlwini lwakhe elimelela izinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela emhlabeni ngo-2014. Uhlu kuhlanganisa nezinkampani 25 okuyinto kukhishwe lemali elikhulu uwoyela emhlabeni. Ake abahlala imidondoshiya esinamandla kunazo kulesi silinganiso.

Saudi Aramco

Saudi Arabia kubhekwa umholi somhlaba embonini kawoyela. Saudi Aramco Corporation iyona enkulu kunazo zonke kazwelonke amandla corporation. It has a inethiwekhi processing izindawo, ilawula ukuthuthwa uwoyela. Saudi Aramco iyona imikhumbi ngobukhulu futhi entsha ye supertankers, okungase ayifani ngisho izinkampani kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ngokwe-isilinganiso, Nhlangano ngo-2014 ukukhiqiza amafutha enkulu kunazozonke - angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 imiphongolo ngosuku. A semali uwoyela ezweni ukhiqiza emathafeni esiFundazweni Eastern. Le nkampani futhi has a imbobo amanzi indawo oLwandle Olubomvu futhi ePersian Gulf.

Namuhla, ehhovisini elikhulu inkampani elawula 99% zigcine igolide egolide Saudi Arabia, okuyinto ¼ we reserves uwoyela emhlabeni wonke.

"Gazprom Neft" Inkampani

Lokhu ibhizinisi iyinkampani enamandla uwoyela eRussia. Inkampani ukwenza izindawo ukuhlola izinto zokusetshenziswa, nokukhangiswa uwoyela negesi, nokukhiqizwa petroleum. inkampani inamagatsha kuzo zonke izifunda uwoyela negesi yezwe. The main ukucutshungulwa izitshalo zitholakala Yaroslavl, Omsk futhi eMoscow izifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "uwoyela Gazprom" is impumelelo futhi ekusebenziseni amaphrojekthi umkhiqizo kawoyela eVenezuela, Iraq nakwamanye amazwe. Yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni ukunikela izinkontileka ngokubambisana Russian embonini kawoyela.

"Gazprom Neft" Iqembu siqukethe amayunithi 80 kwesakhiwo endaweni eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa iphethini ezimisiwe sales, inkampani ethengisa eziningi uwoyela emakethe yasekhaya futhi phesheya. Ngesikhathi nokulahla "uwoyela Gazprom" kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 1,700 iziteshi ukugcwaliswa ensimini ka-Russia, CIS naseYurophu.

Ngokusho Forbes ilinganisela, inkampani "Gazprom Neft" anazo isikhundla yesibili kule simo "yezinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela zomhlaba ngo-2014" ephethe umthamo we abayizigidi ezingu 9.7 imiphongolo ngelanga zokukhiqiza.

NeNational Iranian Oil Company

umkhiqizo kawoyela e-Iran waqala ngo-1908. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, Iranian Ministry Amafutha wasungula neNational Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), ogama izinhloso lalifuna uwoyela Luhambo capital angaphandle. Ngaleso sikhathi, igolide black uthethe indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe, ngakho ukukhiqizwa igolide black wathola isimo patrimony kazwelonke futhi zayiswa izintambo zikahulumeni.

Manje inkampani waziphatha isizinda igesi namafutha, ezokuthutha yabo futhi ukuthekelisa. Inkampani ngokuyinhloko uyabanikeza amafektri kanye zokuwuhluza kuleli zwe, futhi uthengisela insalela phesheya ngokuhambisana wentela ka "OPEC".

NIOC ubhekwa yezinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela emhlabeni. It has 1/10 reserves kawoyela yomhlaba wonke. Inkampani ungumnikazi uwoyela negesi eziveza endaweni Iran, Azerbaijan eNorth Sea. Imisebenzi NIOC kuyinto division olunzulu ukwenza ukuhlola, ukubhola, ukukhiqiza, ukucwengwa zokuthutha imithombo. Isakhiwo inkampani 21 inkampani osizayo, emibili yayo kwekulu.

Esikhathini isilinganiso "Izinkampani ngobukhulu emhlabeni 2014» NIOC ekhona wesithathu nge inkomba yokuthi umkhiqizo kawoyela eziyizigidi ezingu-6.4 imiphongolo ngelanga. Iran ingenye abaholi petroleum emhlabeni, kodwa ngenxa ukunqunywa unswinyo international ngokumelene inkampani yakhe waphoqeleka ukuba inciphise igolide elimnyama.

ExxonMobil

ExxonMobil inkampani waqala umsebenzi wayo ngesisekelo ukwethembana Standard Amafutha eyasungulwa Billionaire American noJohn D. Rockefeller e 1882. Akwaziwa namuhla corporation yasungulwa ngo ekupheleni XX leminyaka ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa ezimbili Exxon Hambayo nemikhiqizo ngaphansi lapho manje ekhiqizwa amafutha yezimoto kanye zokugcoba.

I-American Petroleum Corporation ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa entsha Amasimu uwoyela, ukukhiqizwa yayo, ezokuthutha kanye yokuthengisa. Futhi ExxonMobil khiqiza oyili: olefins, polyethylene, polypropylene nokunambitheka. Le nkampani bahileleke ubudlelwane yetemnotfo futhi ibambisane emazweni 47.

Inkampani uwoyela ExxonMobil iyona enkulu kunazo zonke zomhlaba wonke amandla corporation. Yena kubhekwa umholi simo elichumayo ezibizayo, okuhlanganisa izinkampani kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Inani emakethe ExxonMobil kuyinto angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-400 aseMelika. Ngokuya ubukhulu lamafutha (ezigidini 5 imiphongolo ngelanga) Corporation osesikhundleni wesine kule simo ngamazwe.

PetroChina

Inkampani PetroChina linjengamafutha corporation ngobukhulu China sika. Ngokuvumelana nenani amasheya naye ukuncintisana izinkampani kunazo zonke emhlabeni. PetroChina izibambiso adayiswa New York Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Ngemva udaba share e Shanghai sesilinganiso sentengo inkampani kawoyela kathathu, lafinyelela sibalo imali engaphezu kuka-izindodla zezimali US.

Ngaphezu izimayini kanye ukucutshungulwa uwoyela PetroChina waziphatha ucwaningo isisetshenziswa imali, wokuhlanza amakhemikhali, amapayipi kawoyela, nokukhangiswa. Ngokusho Forbes, inkampani anazo isikhundla yesihlanu ku simo emhlabeni uwoyela corporations ne Inkomba ukukhiqizwa abayizigidi ezingu 4.4 imiphongolo ngelanga.

Ibikezela umkhiqizo kawoyela

Umhlaba uwoyela imidondoshiya uhlela ukunciphisa black ezimayini zegolide imisebenzi ngenxa ukuwa ngokushesha kwamanani kawoyela ehlobo lika-2014. Ngenxa yalokhu isimo emakethe inzuzo yenkampani kakhulu kwehle. Nakuba ExxonMobil, Saudi Aramco, PetroChina nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela emhlabeni ukuze uthole inzuzo engaphezulu, ezinye zazo banquma ukuyeka ukunwetshwa umsebenzi futhi ukuvala izindawo okungenani inzuzo. Ngokusho-Wall Street Journal ihlobenenamanye izindleko njalo ekuphumeni ukukhiqizwa igesi namafutha. Ngokwesibonelo, ExxonMobil margin-2014 kwaba-26%, okuyinto esingaphansi 9% eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule.

Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo emakethe uwoyela ukwenze nengozi eGulf of Mexico, ngenxa okuyinto ezichithekile inombolo irekhodi igolide elimnyama. Senkampani British Petroleum, okuyinto ephethwe ukukhiqizwa waphoqeleka ukuba adayise kakhulu izimpahla zalo.

Lokhu kwehliswa kwemisebenzi siyenzeka hhayi kuphela izinkampani ezinkulu uwoyela. amanani kawoyela ukushintsha okuye kwathinta yonke umkhakha global.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu mkhuba, izinkampani esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ulindele izinguquko ezinhle embonini kawoyela kanye nemithombo yemvelo ukukhula esikhathini esizayo.