Diamonds yokufakelwa: igama ukukhiqizwa

Diamonds ukhangwa abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ubuhle balezi amatshe okungavamile aye wakubangela ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukwakha umhlobiso ezahlukene. Nokho, kamuva, abantu abatholakele nezinye izakhiwo ewusizo diamond - amandla abo esiyingqayizivele kanye ubulukhuni. Ukuqinisekisa izidingo ukukhiqizwa imvelo akazange adale eziningi lesi sifundo, ngakho abantu unombono - okwenza amadayimane eyayenziwe.

Inani idayimane

Diamond kubhekwa itshe esiyingqayizivele, has inhlanganisela ezingavamile izici ezibalulekile: ukuhlakazwa eqinile, okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity ezishisayo, ubulukhuni, ukuzwakala optical, ihlala isikhathi eside. Ngenxa impahla yayo ngokomzimba futhi mechanical idayimane kuthiwa kuyancomeka hhayi imigexo ochwepheshe kuphela, kodwa futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu kulezo zimboni. Ngakho, leli tshe eliyigugu kusetshenziswa imithi, yokukhanya namandla Microelectronics.

Kodwa ukuhlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zokukhiqiza amadayimane ahlanzekile zemvelo zinzima kakhulu futhi ngempela eqolo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isintu ngacabanga indlela yokwenza i idayimane yokufakelwa. itshe Zokwenziwa akufanele kuphela ifa izakhiwo ebalulekile idayimane, kodwa futhi abe crystal isakhiwo neliphelele kunalelo, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba okusezingeni eliphezulu ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni.

Njenganoma yimuphi zokwenziwa amadayimane

Isidingo ukudala itshe zokwenziwa kwaphakama isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa ngo-mkhuba, kwenziwe kuphela ekhulwini XX. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ososayensi ayikwazanga beveza womshini idayimane ubuchwepheshe, kuyilapho ukwazi sungula ukuthi they are abanezihlobo carbon abavamile. Futhi ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa diamond lokuqala zokwenziwa, elisuselwa graphite ngaphansi lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezelwa ngokusebenzisa isigaba sokushintshela yasungulwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi eqala ukukhiqiza idayimane yokufakelwa, okuyinto manje esetshenziswa izinto eziningi ezahlukene imishini kanye zomculo.

idayimane ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe

Esikhathini sethu, ukukhiqiza zokwenziwa itshe usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe eziningana, ngayinye yaba has izici zayo siqu. Ubuchwepheshe othembeke kunabo bonke, kodwa eqolo kukhiqizwe idayimane crystalline carbon ukuthi ibekwe izocubungulwa endaweni cindezela ekhethekile. Okokuqala, phezu kwento okufanele aphathwe akhishwa amanzi anamandla. Lokhu kwakha umfutho ophakeme. Khona-ke, amanzi zilimaze ngaphansi kwethonya refrigerant, lapho ingcindezi luyanda izikhathi 10. Ngesikhathi yokugcina egumbini esiteji lapho carbon ixhunywe Amabha ibhasi ihlinzekwa okwesikhathi amafraktjhini ambalwa zamanje yesibili eqinile. Ngaphansi isenzo ngesikhathi esisodwa lokushisa nokucindezelwa, ukuguqulwa graphite e itshe okuqinile. Ngemva Kulesigaba, press is incibilikiswa saqotshwa uketshezi futhi ukulungele ukuthatha out diamond yokufakelwa.

Growing idayimane methane

Namanje sebenzisa lula zokwenziwa itshe ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe - Ukuqhuma indlela, okuyinto ikuvumela ukwakha crystal yokufakelwa bedle methane. Isikhathi esining impela, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma zokwenziwa amadayimane iwukuba ubuchwepheshe ezimbili. Iqiniso liwukuthi esimweni sokuqala kungenzeka ukuthola onesibalo aphume amadayimane, kodwa mancane kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe yesibili kwenza kakhulu ukwandisa okuholela zokwenziwa itshe usebenzisa i-methane ohlabayo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa 1100 ° C. Ukuqhuma ndlela yenza ukuba kukhiqizwe izinhlobo i idayimane yokufakelwa banoma iyiphi isayizi.

Izinhlobo zokwenziwa idayimane

Esikhathini sethu, khiqiza ningi balwa hlobo zokwenziwa idayimane: zirconia cubic, zinhlayiya moissanite, ferroelectric, rutile, sakhiwo, cerussite. I ephelele kakhulu idayimane inkohliso ubhekwa zirconia cubic noma zirconium cube. Kuyinto zirconia. Ngakho-ke, abaningi abaye bezwa, njengoba ebizwa yokufakelwa idayimane zircon. Nakuba akanasabelo maqondana itshe yemvelo ebizayo.

Fianit libhekene ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngezinga eliphezulu of ukuhlakazwa kanye Inkomba yezokubona. Ngenxa izakhiwo zalo leli tshe kulingisa kahle nedayimani yangempela futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ubucwebe. Ngisho nochwepheshe cishe nqunu iso ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa mbumbulu kusukela yokuqala, ngoba badlala ngendlela efanayo.

Esezingeni idayimane ibhekwa Analogue of moissanite. It has ezifanayo kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokomzimba njengalezo zamatshe wemvelo, futhi nemingcele optical iyengcono. ethile yayo kuphela - ke kuyinto yesibili ubulukhuni.

Ikakhulukazi zinhlayiya ethandwayo eyenziwe nge-glass phambili, ehlanganisa phambili oxide. Ngenxa ngezithako zawo amatshe play amazing ukukhanya Ukukhalipha ayafana nokuxhopha amadayimane.

Lapho esetshenziswa zokwenziwa amadayimane

Artificial idayimane imigexo ifektri abaningi esetshenziswa ukwenziwa okunethezeka ubucwebe ukuthi ngeke nje abe muhle, kodwa futhi ezingabizi kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ngamatshe inkohliso ayibukeki sibi futhi kahle bakhathale.

Futhi ezikhulayo zokwenziwa idayimane iyingxenye ye umkhakha yesimanje. Kususelwa kubo zenziwa ezisindayo-duty amathuluzi: amasondo ukugaya, idayimane isaha izindwani, wokucwebezelisa amasondo, amashizolo, zikhathi zokuzivivinya, scalpels, imimese, bezihlahla ehlukahlukene udlawana. Isisetshenziswa eyenziwe idayimane impahla enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukucubungula Alloys eziqine futhi izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idayimane inikeza ukunemba esiphezulu e imishini kanye namadivayisi.

Indlela ukudala i idayimane yokufakelwa ekhaya

Abanye ochwepheshe bangase baphikise ngokuthi ukukhula zokwenziwa idayimane kungenzeka ekhaya. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa esizimele amadayimane yokufakelwa zidinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo omkhulu. Sizokubonisa indlela yokutshala usawoti amaminerali ukuthi kubukeka ngalokwanele sifana idayimane.

Ngakho, ukwakha abanje bakhandwe ngamatshe uzodinga amanzi abilisiwe, usawoti, izitsha zamakhemikhali, ishidi nalutho Emaphepha isihlungi laboratory. Kufanele uqale ukulungiselela crystal encane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nigcwalise beaker 1/5 kasawoti, uthele ingxenye yamanzi afudumele uhlanganise. Uma siphela ke udinga ukugcwala kancane xaxa. Salt kufanele wanezela nje akuseyona chaza. Ikhambi Ngaleso sikhathi elicwengekileyo kolunye isitsha, lapho itshe bayoqhubeka bekhula bente ephepheni. Ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka ukulawula ezingeni nekhambi. Itshe akumelwe kube emoyeni. Uma isixazululo ayahwamuka, kubalulekile ukulungiselela entsha futhi gcwalisa.

Abantu abenza ucwaningo enjalo, wagomela ngokuthi ikhaya ngesonto idayimane yokufakelwa kufanele sikhule kakhulu.

Izindleko zokwenziwa idayimane

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla zokwenziwa amatshe wadonsa ingxenye eseceleni yemakethe ubucwebe. Ithola amadayimane yokufakelwa it is njalo ngcono. Ososayensi usungula amatshe entsha, okuyinto kweso uthole ukuthandwa okukhulu, nangaphezulu ulahlekelwe izimfuno zazo futhi siyaphela kancane kancane kusuka emakethe. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nekhulu XX ukulingisa idayimane imigexo ifakwe zokwenziwa rutile. Khona-ke kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo nge zirconia cubic. Futhi-yalolucwaningo 90. bonke dlule mbumbulu idayimane moissanite esikhundleni.

Amanani zokwenziwa idayimane incike ubukhulu, cut, kanye nobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza. Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi zokwenziwa amatshe - lena ingilazi evamile, futhi ungaziboni kuzo noma iliphi inani. Kodwa eqinisweni, lezi amadayimane ngokuvamile lidla imali eningi, futhi abanye babo bayaphumelela impela ezingavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, nezinye izinhlobo zokwenziwa idayimane kungaba nibaluleke ukudlula lo nozakwabo zemvelo.

Phakathi zokwenziwa amadayimane ezibhekwa kube phianites ethandwa kakhulu imibala ehlukene. izindleko sawo silinganiselwa Carat ifomu faceted ngamunye zokhahlamba kusuka 1 kuya $ 5. A owaziwa Analogue idayimane moissanite kuyabiza kakhulu - 70-150 aseMelika Carat ngayinye.

izici ezibalulekile intengo kumiswa phezu kwala matshe umbala. Ngakho, ukubaluleka diamond ophuzi kuyinto 40-50 zamadola a 0.2 Carat, kodwa idwala salmon pink umbala, kuye ngobukhulu kufanele ukhokhe cishe $ 3,000.

Isimanga ukuthi abaholi bomhlaba

Eminyakeni yamuva, abaholi bezwe ekukhiqizeni zokwenziwa amatshe abhekwa China, Japan, US neRussia. Kakhulu ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni lo mugqa China, njalo ukuziqambela zamagama ubuchwepheshe obusha.