Kumiswa, Imfundo yesibili nezikole
Habitat flatworms. izinhlobo flatworms
Animal Uhlobo flatworms, okuyinto afakiwe nase-iqembu bilaterally ziyalingana, isayensi wafundelwa futhi biology. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) akukuphela amalungu aleli qembu, ibhekisela ngaphezulu kuka-90% izilwane, kuhlanganise annelid izibungu round, eyisinambuzane, mollusk, njll
Ukubukeka kanye nencazelo flatworms
Platyhelminthes c ulimi lesiGreki lisho "izimpethu ebanzi." Lokhu izimpethu bakudala ezilwane ezingenamgogodla, okuyinto siswele ingaphakathi lomzimba, eyenzelwe nokuqoqwa, ukusatshalaliswa futhi kukhuthaza izakhamzimba. Iningi lazo izimuncagazi, kanti abanye baphila emanzini noma izwe nomswakama eliphezulu. Basuke izimpawu isakhiwo umjikelezo wokuphila, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kukhona ushintsho Sebawoti Lesisemkhatsini, kuze izimpethu kungukuthi esezinzile yokugcina izidumbu aphethe.
Izinhlobo flatworms zahlukahlukene futhi basakaza emhlabeni wonke. Kukhona lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 25.
Scientific ngezigaba flatworms
Flatworms basonta kombuso zamazwe amabili (lesinesitfombe-sibuko nhlangothi zombili) protostomes izilwane. Mayelana bephikisana okuyinto iphakame lapho sizama ukwehlukana flatworms ku amaqembu ehlukene, ososayensi ahlukanisa kubo njengeqembu paraphyletic. Kuhlanganisa abameleli ingxenye encane inzalo ka amadlozi efanayo.
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi izitho flatworm
flatworms umzimba side futhi isicaba, abangenalo ingaphakathi ngaphakathi. Lokho sonke isikhala wagcwala amaseli. Ngaphakathi, kukhona zamatshe imisipha, okuyinto kanye igobolondo yakha isihlava isikhwama musculocutaneous.
simiso izitho zangaphakathi:
- Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene imelelwa umlomo, uyimpumputhe (akukho ukufinyelela) emathunjini. Umsoco ufake ngomlomo, futhi kungenziwa amuncwa bonke ubuso umzimba.
- Isimiso sezinzwa siqukethe ubuchopho futhi izinzwa ganglion kwezinsika. Lamanye emaklasi flatworms kukhona bakudala yakhoibrium izinhlaka umbono.
- Uhlelo excretory siqukethe ijabulise ngokukhethekile, kodwa ngokuvamile ukudedela kwenzeka kulo lonke ebusweni nomzimba.
- uhlelo ezalayo umelwe zesifazane (ovariectomized) kanye owesilisa (testes) izitho zangasese. Flatworms kukhona hermaphrodites.
Umehluko phakathi izimpethu flat and nxazonke
Roundworms indiza sihlukile kwesiphambano-ingxenye yomzimba has simise isiyingi. Roundworms namanje ngokuthi nematodes. Ukuba nohlelo umzimba bilaterally ziyalingana bona, imisipha evuthiwe. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu kusukela flatworms wukuthi round unayo i umzimba ingaphakathi langaphakathi, futhi flat - akukho.
A ezihlukahlukene amakilasi of flatworms
Ithebula "Flatworms" libonisa ngokucacile division of zinhlobo ku amakilasi, isayensi yesimanje ine eziyisikhombisa.
Igama ekilasini | ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo | Ubukhulu | Ukuguquguquka kwempilo |
Monogeneans (flukes) | Ukusebenzisa disc ingcina ekupheleni ezingemuva monogeneans impethu enamathiselwe gills inhlanzi isikhumba izilwane zasemhlabeni, izimfudu | encane kakhulu, isilinganiso esingaphansi 1 mm | Ekuphileni kwalo konke, worm has ibe inkosi, olungena ngesimo khulula-elintantayo izibungu |
Tsestodoobraznye | Izinambuzane ingaphakathi umzimba wonke angenasawoti izinhlanzi nezimfudu | Ubude zokhahlamba kusuka 2.5 kuya 38 cm | Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela ukuthuthukisa emzimbeni ezinamagobolondo ngamaqanda kugwinywe. Ngemva kokudla crustacean ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo zasemanzini ube umuntu omdala kalula kusukela esiswini entsha umnikazi uhamba ngalo ingaphakathi lomzimba, elihlala futhi izinhlobo |
aspidogastrea | Bahlala ezindikimbeni molluscs, emachibini, zasemfuleni | Usayizi omdala akuvamile ephumelelisa engaphezu kuka-15 mm | Izikhathi eziningana ushintsho yabanikazi ukuze ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-worm |
Trematodes (flukes) | Izimuncagazi yezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingenamgogodla, indoda. Phila emathunjini, gallbladder, isibindi | Ubukhulu ngeke ifane kuye indawo impethu parasitism omdala futhi kungaba kusuka 2 mm kuya ku-1 m | Ekuphileni kwalo konke, enginakho abanikazi eziningana. I isibungu uhlala ngowokuqala gastropods, owashona. It uthola ngaphakathi lapho udle cercariae (bahlale bekulungele ukusuka ukuze iziphathimandla yokugcina aphethe isibungu) |
gyrocotylidea | Izimuncagazi lezinhlanzi cartilaginous, chimaeras esibayeni Helical emathunjini | Ukusuka 2 kuya 20 cm | Ngombandela, izibungu ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa emzimbeni yempi Lesisemkhatsini, bese kamuva wathuthela izinhlanzi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi chimeric ezijulile, Ucwaningo umbono alikaqinisekiswa |
ibhande | flatworms olwenzeka endaweni emathunjini of isilwane futhi indoda, udonga lapho bazihlanganise ngokuqinile nge Iyunithi lasekhanda | Can afinyelela 10 m. | Lokusakaza yenzeka emzimbeni zebandla, amaqanda zitholakala emanzini, ngemva kwalokho izwe. Kukhona isibungu, okuyinto emva izigaba ezintathu ukuthuthukiswa iphenduka ibe isihlava ukuthi ilungele parasitize kanye nokuguquguquka. Abadala Ungashintsha abanikazi |
ciliated | Isikhathi esiningi khulula-worm bahlala amanzi aqabulayo nosawoti, ngezinye izikhathi enhlabathini emanzi | Ubude umzimba zokhahlamba kusuka usayizi ezincane kuya 40 cm | I isibungu kufana omdala isibungu liphuma amaqanda, ophilayo phakathi plankton baze zikhule |
Amakilasi flatworms, zonke kodwa munye (worms ciliated) izimuncagazi. Abaningi babo babe nomthelela obonakalayo imiphakathi yamazwe emachibini zasemfuleni, ekunciphiseni kwabo.
Ukuba nekhono parasitize esikhumbeni, gills ngaphansi izimpethu uthola emithonjeni ehlukene okutheleleka ngaphakathi, okuyinto imbangela ukungena kubantu abaningi futhi ukufa zezinhlanzi.
turbellarians
Turbellarians (turbellarians) kukhona abazingeli ukudla ezingenamgogodla encane, eyisinambuzane ngisho clams ezinkulu. Bona ukugwinya encane inyamazane lonke noma eqinile oncelayo ukunyakaza dephula izingcezu wakhe.
impethu umzimba uyakwazi sikhiqize bebodwa. omele Bright kuyinto Planaria, lapho ngisho okuyingxenye kencani yomzimba kabusha ikhule ibe umuntu ephelele.
Flatworms ekhaya okugcinwa
Helminths kungase kube inkinga enkulu kulabo abasebenza ukuzalela inhlanzi e okugcinwa.
Habitat flatworms ikakhulukazi amanzi. Njengoba flukes, flatworms kungenziwa bufakwe nge disc ingcina kuya ebusweni isikhumba futhi gills zezinhlanzi aquarium.
Izibungu omdala amaqanda kuyiphi izibungu ezihlala esikhumbeni zezinhlanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina ingene ku gills zabo, okuyinto ezikhulayo, ukufinyelela izinga lokuzala.
inhlanzi Young ziyashesha kakhulu izimuncagazi buthaka. Kumiswa yinhlanganisela enkulu izibungu ezikubo gills kuholela ekufeni komzimba, futhi kamuva ngokufa izinhlanzi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-flatworms ufake aquarium inhlabathi, ukudla bukhoma ekhaya. izibungu zabo kungenzeka phezu kobuso ulwelwe esikhumbeni emazweni izinhlanzi entsha aquarium.
Ukuze ukuhlukana izimuncagazi yasendlini kusuka inhlanzi, kuyadingeka ukuze balondoloze nabo zokugeza ne ukwengeza 5-bitsillina nosawoti amaminithi awu 5.
Eziyingozi ukuze izinambuzane empilweni yomuntu
flatworms Isihloko, ngokukhethekile, inkinga izinambuzane eziwuhlupho, kubalulekile, hhayi nje ngobe lezinhlanzi nezimbaza. Kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka womuntu nezimpethu, empini kungaba eside futhi kabuhlungu.
Ezinye izinhlobo izinambuzane, elezinye izilwane ezincelisayo:
- Pseudophyllidea (tapeworm ububanzi). Ukutheleleka singenzeka kubo uma ekhona ekudleni okuluhlaza, inhlanzi kabi anosawoti. Emathunjini amancane ka tapeworm womuntu ungakwazi ukuphila amashumi eminyaka, lafinyelela ubude kuya ku-20 m.
- Aeniarhynchus saginatus (sezinkomo tapeworm). Habitat flatworms - emathunjini indoda nezinkomo. Prisasyvayas ukuze izindonga zawo, helminth ikhula abafika kwabangu-10 m. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela kungenzeka ezinye izitho zangaphakathi, ezindaweni akude (ubuchopho, imisipha, isibindi), ngokuvamile ukuze nabo akukwazeki ngokuphelele ukuqeda. Isiguli lingakubulala. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka nge kokungenisa amaqanda izibungu esiswini ngokudla okwanele ezishisayo kusetshenzwe kusuka izandla ezingcolile.
- Echinococcus (Echinococcus) kuvamile izinja namakati, they qhubeka umzimba ukuze indoda. Naphezu ubukhulu encane - 5 kuphela mm - ikhono ifomu elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu Finns, okukhwantabalisayo izitho zangaphakathi, obulalayo. Lesi sibungu singaba zingene zokuphefumula, ithambo, uhlelo urinary. Flatworms echinococci ngokuvamile atholakala kwengqondo, isibindi kanye nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Umuntu kalula uthole izibungu elinegciwane excreted ngu inja, okuyinto asakazekela elingenamikhono, futhi ukusuka lapho zonke izinto zasendlini kanye ukudla.
- Isibindi yisikhohliso - isephulamthetho ka cholecystitis, colic biliary, iziyaluyalu esiswini namathumbu, komzimba. Habitat flatworms ogxile izilwane womuntu futhi esinegazi elifudumele isibindi, Bile endleleni. Ubude umzimba yisikhohliso ingeqi 3 cm. Isici esikhethekile wukuthi abantu ngabanye kuphela ukuvuthwa, kodwa izibungu zabo siyakwazi nokuzala.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge helminths
Izinyathelo falling amaqanda kanti izibungu izibungu emzimbeni womuntu zimi kanje:
- Kuyadingeka ukuba zigeze izandla ngokuphelele ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokuvakashela izindawo zomphakathi, izindlu zangasese, emgwaqweni, ukuxhumana ezifuywayo.
- Geza imifino eluhlaza kanye izithelo ngamanzi afudumele nensipho.
- Musa udle inyama eluhlaza nenhlanzi.
- ukushisa Long iphathwa ukudla, ikakhulu inyama kanye nenhlanzi.
- Nakani zokuvimbela esifike kucabanga yisinanakazana ezifuywayo.
- Njalo, okungenani kanye ngonyaka, thatha amaqanda fecal helminth.
Similar articles
Trending Now