Biology abathandwayo. Kungani isikhunta namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi abachithi?

Emvelweni, kunezindlela eziningi okuthiwa amaketanga ukudla. Ezinye izilwane ezidla izimila. Abanye - inyama eziphilayo ukudla isitshalo. Futhi labo, yena, zingadla abantu. Kodwa zonke izinto eziphilayo wake Kufika isikhathi, ngakho indlela imvelo.

izibuyekezo umthetho wemvelo

Eqinisweni, ake ucabange ukube eziphilayo yayikhona phakade? Ezweni zokwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu kudala bekuyokwenzekani, okwaholela ukuntula esitebeleni ugesi, kanye ukungcoliswa kwemvelo embulungeni yonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvumelana nemithetho ezikhona uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, zonke izinto eziphilayo bazalwa, bakhulela, siyekele inzalo iguga futhi ifa. Ngakho isimiso semvelo olusha ngomzuzwana!

Imibuso bemvelo: izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta, ama-bacterium,

Basuke bonke abantu abahilelekile kule ezinengqondo futhi olinganiselayo kunyatheliswa izinto. Futhi lapho yimuphi umzimba iyeke zokuziphilisa, ihora yokubola ndaba tincenye. Futhi lapha ukusiza kakhulu ubunjalo ukuza amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta. Kungani isikhunta namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi abachithi? Lo mqondo kungenziwa kuhlobane ngokuqondile imisebenzi yabo.

saprophytes

Ngakho ngokwesayensi yilezo eziphilayo amandla abo ngezithukuthuku izinsalela nezinye izilwane kanye nezitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuhlanganisa amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta. Bona ukubola inyama efile "umthombo" - compounds elula wezinto ezingaphili, izakhi mkhondo, okuvumela imvelo ukwakha wabayisa ezintsha noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akhona. Yingakho isikhunta namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi kubabulali. Kodwa ukubola imisebenzi yayo ukuletha inzuzo engaphezu kuka-umonakalo.

Umhlaba ngaphandle saprophytes

Cabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani uma amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta akazange ukucubungula amangqamuzana afile? Life ngokwaso sasiyobonisa cishe ubophekile ngaphansi ungqimba ngehora okwandisa yezinsalela efile. A saprophytes, ophethe ukudla, njengokuthi "ukusebenzisa" izicubu efile, ukwenza njenge orderlies noma abahlanzi, ekusizeni ukuhlanza ezingadingekile bavuselele imfucuza. Yingakho isikhunta namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi abachithi, bachithe izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo efile. Manje ngokwesayensi kungase kutholakale umphumela omuhle le nqubo global begazi emvelweni.

Abathandwayo Biology: amagciwane, isikhunta, izitshalo - saprophytes

lo mqondo lisuselwa isiGreki emazwini ezimbili "bolile" futhi "izitshalo". Yini eziphilayo akunakubangelwa leli qembu?

• Okokuqala lokhu, ama-bacterium amaningi. Bona ukubola udaba eziphilayo, okubangela abolile ukudla, iqhaza aligugu kanye nitrogen nenkanuko edlulele. Futhi ngisho ezinye amagciwane kugaywe uginindela ukwakha hydrocarbon. Ezinye nezilwanyana ezincane kusezingeni lifuna substrate: asetshenziswa njengokudla kuphela izinhlobo ezithile udaba eziphilayo (isib, imikhiqizo yobisi). Abanye cishe omnivorous futhi zingadla ezihlukahlukene organic compounds: alcohols, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye acid.
• Leli qembu akunakubangelwa amakhowe eziningi ezinkulu. Ngemva utshani humus, amaqabunga, umquba, izimpaphe, izimpondo asewile nokuningi babakhonze njengoba substrate izakhi. Uju ehlobo agaric, ngokuvamile abahlala izinsalela amaqabunga izihlahla, futhi amakhowe zamanga akhethiwe AmaConifers. ibhungane White eba ezindaweni ocebile nitrogen. A ezincane isikhunta saprophytes konakalisa ukudla kwabantu, okwenza kube yaphela indaba yalo. isikhunta Abaningi ungene Symbiosis nge izitshalo ephakeme, kabusha imfucuza yabo ku amaminerali, okungase udle imifino enhlabathini. Le nqubo letihlomulisa futhi ubonakala kakhulu amagama ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta: boletus, Boletus. Iqembu isikhunta ezilwaneni eziyingozi, okuyinto zidla izinambuzane ezincane, evamile ingase futhi wabhekisela saprophytes. Ngoba lapho kukhona ingenayo inyamazane bukhoma, zingadla izinto ezifile.
• Kukhona saprophytes futhi phakathi nezilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa: sundew, Mistletoe, dodder, isibonelo.

Manje uyazi ukuthi kungani isikhunta namagciwane abizwa ngokuthi abachithi (iningi engqondweni indima yabo omuhle emvelweni). Zonke saprophytes futhi saprophagous "wemfanelo 'ngoba nokusakazwa izakhi ezikulesi uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli nokulahlwa eziphilayo efile, ngaphandle okuyinto, mhlawumbe, iplanethi lalingeke lisaba khona.